art final

ovid

1st century AD author who wrote the Metamorphoses

virtrvius

1st century BC architect who wrote the 10 books on architecture

Donatello

1st full scale nude sense antiquity

long heavy braids

A characteristic of an archaic statue is

Cornthian columns

Acanthus-leaf

true

Achilles was a hero of the Trojan War

Karl Marx

Author of The Communist Manifesto, believed art is linked to its social context

The meaning of B.C.

Before Christ

Spain

Diego Velazquezwas the court painter for which European court

turner

English landscapes depicted in a swirl of paint

Wattle and Daub

Etruscan Temples are made of what type of materials

Sir Arthur Evans

Excavated at Knossos

Poseidon

God of the sea

Chrselepantine

Gold and Ivory

Herodotos

Greek Historian that thought the Etruscans came from Lydia

el greco

Greek man who painted in Spain, and was influenced by Byzantine art and Christian mysticism

cezanne

His landscapes are based in geometry with prominent brushstrokes and strong defining lines (clarity of edge, as your book puts it).

true

Images of Assyrian kings hunting lions represented their power over their enemies

image

In art, the word icon means

contrapposto

In the Greek Classical, sculptures begin to look natural in part to their natural stance, ______, in which the right leg bends forward at the knee so that the left leg appears to hold the body's weight. The torso shifts, and the right hip and shoulder are lowered.

small genre scenes

Jan Vermeer specialized in paintings that were

A.D.

Latin for "in the year of our Lord"

Charlemagne

Manuscript was commissioned during the rein of which ruler

Diego Rivera

Mexican Artist who was a Marxist and was married to Frida Kahlo

Ghirlandaio

Michelangelo's teacher

true fresco or boun fresco

Michelangelos sistine chapel paintings were done in what medium

Jean Baptiste Colbert

Minister of louis XIV, helped to establish the french academy

Kazimir Malevich

Pure feeling through pure form

Piet Mondrian

Purity of primary colors and love of the Rectangles

Pont-du-Gard

Roman Aqueduct built by Marcus Agrippa

centrally planned church

San Vitale

Herakles/Hercules

Son of Zues, carries a lion ski and a club

lion

St. Mark

interchangeable architectural pieces

Tall buildings like the Eiffel Tower and the Wainwright Building were made practical by the invention of the what mechanical device?

the Persian destruction of Athens

The Classical Period begins with the

doric

The Parthenon is an example of a ______________ Temple

Filippo Brusnelleschi

The architect that produced sculpture such as Santo Spirito in Florence that was based on harmonious proportion and symmetry was:

linear perspective

The mathematical systems used to make an object appear to be three dimensional on a two dimensional surface is known as

Akhenaton

The pharaoh who changed the religion of Egypt and was later labeled a heretic

Panhellenic

The term that refers to all the greeks is

Hammurabi

The writer of the first lawcodes was

Caryatids

What are the female figures that act as columns on the Erechtheion

melted down to be made into weapons

What were Greek bronze statues used for in the Middle Ages?

Mesopotamia

Where would you go to find a ziggurat?

Hatshepsut

Which pharaoh was a woman

Martyrium

a church that is built over a grave of martyr

faience

a fired glass paste

Le Corbusier

a machine for living

patron

a person who commissions a work of art

crusades

a seires of holy wars from 1095 to the 15th century

donatello

after beheading goliath standing on the head

thomas jefferson

architect influenced by roman gaul

Frank Lloyd Wright

architecture should be integrated with the landscape

What does C or circa stand for

around or approximately

representational

art depicts recognizable natural forms or created objects

Kandinsky

artist who is typically credited for starting abstraction without the use of figures

Michelangelo

before the battle with Goliath

X

beginning of Christ's Greek name and reference to the crucifixion

relics

bones or belongings of holy individuals

manet

both a realist and impressionist painter, influenced by Titan

Fall and salvation of man

bronze doors of saint michael at hildesheim

Abbot Suger

builder of the first gothic church

Raphael

buried at his request in the Patheon

Genre scenes

celebrated daily life, popular after the reformation in the north

San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane

church in the shape of an oval

compound pier

clusters of collonettes used to support Gothic vaults

Frigidarium

cold room

Saffron

comes from the Crocus flower

Pablo Picasso

considered the inventor of Cubism

brunelleschi

constructed the dome of the florence cathedral

Vigee-lebrun

court painter of Marie Antonette

Hans Holbein the Younger

court painters on Henry VIII

Lysippos

court sculptor to Alexander the Great

Polykleitos

created a classical canon of proportions

burin

cutting instruments used to create engravings

idealized

depicting an object according to an accepted standard of beauty

Bayeax tapestry

depicts the Battle of Hastings, William the Conquerer's defeat of Harold, king of England

portals

doorways of a church

Tuscan columns

doric columns with a base

bernini

during the battle with Goliath in the process of throwing the stone

Alberti

early renaissance architect that wrote books both on painting and architecture

cuneifom

early text used by Sumerians

fan vault

english gothic decorative vault

Thomas Gainsborough

english painter who did full length portraits in a rococo setting

Howard Carter

excavated the tomb of Tutankhamen

Van Gogh

expressive color to show emotion and strong since of line

Maenads

female followers of Bacchus

watteau

fetes galantes

Step pyramid of Zoser

first Egyptian pyramid

Aphrodite and Knidos

first nude of a goddess

indulgences

forgiving peoples sins for donations of money to the church

Romulus and Remus

founders of Rome

Louis XVI

french monarch beheaded at the beginning of the french revolution

Rubenistes

french painters who concentrated on color

poussinistes

french painters who concentrated on line

Impressionism

genre scenes, landscapes and the focus on color and light

hubris

greek word for pride and unrealistic ambition

Barbizon School

group of French painters that believed in painting directly from nature

Delacroix

his interest was in color or colorito vslino or disegno

constable

his landscapes focused on the details of english country life

gericault

his paintings addressed social justice and used sharp diagonals

Seurat

his technique built color through dots, called divisionism

Caldarium

hot room

dante

humanist arthor, wrote the divide comedy

vellum and parchment

illuminated manuscript pages are made of

Tomb of the leopards

illustrates a banqueting scene, something the Etruscans adopted from the Greeks

cathedrals

in the gothic period many European towns focused on the building of

build settlements and practice agriculture

in the neolithic period, people began to

formal elements

includes line, shape, space, color, light and dark

Alexander Calder

influenced the toy industry with his Mobiles

cylinder impressions

intaglio printing

Walter Gropius

integrate art and industry

pilgrimage

journey taken to holy sites to atone for one's sins

composite figures

lamassu

stele

large standing stone that conveys information

marat

leader of the french revolution

Toulouse-Lautrec

lithograph posters in which the words become part of the art

Artemision bronze

lost wax technique

according to Alberti & Durer portraiture

makes the dead seem alive

visitation

mary visits her cousin elizabeth

four evangelists

matthew, mark, luke, and john

last judgement

michelangelo painted his own portrait in which of his paintings

Venus of Willendorf

mobile art and sculpture in the round

menhirs

neolithic standing stones in Carnac, Brittany

ignudi

nude men on the sistine chapel ceiling

cimabue

often referred to as the last byzantine artist

jonah and the whale

old testament story that early Christians believed prefigured the story of Christ's death and resurrection

anthemius of tralles

one of the architects of the hagia sophia

pointed arches

one of the characteristics of gothic architecture is

Angelica Kauffmann

one of the founders of the royal academy of art in england

secondary colors

orange, purple, and green

Aaron Douglas

painter who used synthetic cubism to depict the history of his people

northern renaissance

painters preferred oil paints

cezanne and seurat

paintings based on formal and structural values

gauguin and van gogh

paintings reflect emotional content through color

grisaille

paintings that look like sculpture

typology

pairing figures and events from the old testament with those of the new testament

Line

path traced by a moving point

Marcus Aurelius

philosopher emperor whose equestrian statue is one of the few remaining examples from antiquity

Daguerreotype

photographs that could not be reproduced, and the image was reversed

Boun Fresco

pigment applied to wet plaster

Rene Magritte

places real objects in unrealistic spacial representations

James Abbott McNeill Whistler

portrait of his mother, "one does like to make one's mummy just as nice as possible"

stonehenge

post and lintel construction

books of hours

prayer books organized according to the liturgical calendar

Pyramid of Khafre

pyramid associated with the great sphinx

primary colors

red, blue, and yellow

Venus of Laussel

relief sculpture and parietal art

Veronese's last supper

renamed Christ in the house of levi to satisfy the inquisition

virtruvuis

roman author who wrote books on architecture in the 1st century BC

unfinished

rusticated means that the surface of the building is

Council of trent

said that art should appeal to the emotion rather than reason

Sacra conversazione

san giobbe altarpiece by bellini

ottanians

saxon emperors of the holy roman emperor

warka or uruk sculpted vases

scenes divided into registers

anna mary robertson (grandma moses)

self-taught painter was influenced by her earlier art of embroidery

Arch of Titus

shows the sack of Jerusalem by the Romans

an ambulatory

side aisles that curve around an apse

Mihrab

small niche in the wall in the direction of Mecca in a mosque

gauguin

smooth paint and bright color

Daumier

social injustice combined with industrial subject matter

monet

studied color and light and rejected iconography

iconology

study of the meaning of an entire group or program of images

whistler

sued Ruskin for slander, Art for Art's sake

Ankh

symbol for life

munch

symbolist who expresses his mental state through color and distorted images

Feudalism

system of the middle ages, lords get land use in turn for oath to the king

Polyptych

the Idenheim Altarpiece is an example of

Vitruvius

the ancient architect who describes Etruscan temples is

audience hall

the apadana means

Arc de Triomphe

the arch of titus in rome influenced what famous napoleonic monument

Caravaggio

the artist known for his paintings done directly on canvas with no preliminary drawings

psychoanalysis

the branch of art history that deals with the imagery that reveals the unconscious mind, which id based on Freud is

intensity

the brightness or dullness of a color

apocrypha

the description of Christ as a sculptor who made clay birds and breathed life into them is from the

Kandinsky

the first artist to completely reject objects from his work was

Botticelli

the first artist to incorporate both linear and atmospheric perspective into painting was

Charlemagne

the first holy roman emperor

the bronze doors at St. Michael's at Hildensheim

the first large-scale work cast in bronze since antiquity was

louvre

the french royal residence prior to versailles

triangle

the geometric form that is often used in such works as the Madonna of the meadow

palladio

the great venetian architect that designed villas based on the pantheon

round

the ideal shape for a church in the high renaissance

folio

the individual page or leaf of an illuminated manuscript

Brunelleschi

the inventor of one point or linear perspective was

Bernini

the last atchitect to work on new St. Peter's or the modern vatican was

verso

the left side of an illuminated manuscript page

illuminated manuscripts

the limbourg brothers were artists who made

contour

the line that outlines the shape

lancet

the long narrow arched windows below the rose window in gothic church

codex

the name of a medieval book bound on one side is called

compluvium

the opening in the ceiling that allows rainwater into a Roman villa

drum

the part of the tempietto that makes up the base of the dome

Alexander the Great

the persians were defeated by

Dorothea Lange

the photographer that worked for the FSA during the depression was

vanishing point

the place where all orthogonals converge is called

Pyramidion

the pointed top of an Obelisk

value

the relative lightness or darkness of an image

recto

the right side of the page for an illuminated manuscript

semiology

the science of signs

picture plane

the surface of a painting or relief sculpture

fleur-de-lis

the symbol of the french kings

glazing

the technique to make clay objects water-resistant is called

boy

the term Kouros is greek for

true

the term hierarchical proportions refers to the act of making the most important figure in a scene bigger then anyone else

ambulatory

the term that refers to circular barrel-vaulted passages

lantern

the top of the florence cathedral dome is topped with a

Kallikrates and Iktinos

the two architects that built the Parthenon were

doric frieze

the type of frieze used by Bramante on the Tempietto

Matthew Brady

took a good majority of the pictures of Lincoln

trompe l'oeil

trick the eye, the artists purpose is to fool the eye

figura serpentinata

twisted pose popular in the mannerist period

apocrypha

unofficial books of the Bible

brooklyn bridge

used steel wire cables to create a suspension bridge

Palette

used to mix makeup or some other type of pigment

Ionic columns

volute capitals

tell asmar figures

votives

die brucke/ the bridge

wanted to make a connection between art and modern revolutionary ideas as well as tradition and the avant garde

rodin

was the first to show just parts of the body

gesso

water based thick paint with chalk size used to prepare the panel before painting

the tempietto

what building marks the place where st. peter was killed

Hagia Sophia

what building uses pendentives to support the dome

Julius Caesar

what famous emperor died on the Ides of March in 44 BC

pigment

what is mixed with a binder to make paint

catacombs

what is the name for underground cemeteries of the early Christians

skene

where does the performance take place in a Greek theater

Toulouse-Lautrec

which artist was influenced by degas and painted about parisian nightlife

Jacques-Louis David

which artist was known for his paintings that were sympathetic to the french revolution

Locke's two treaties of civil government

which book/document was the first to argue against the divine right of kings

Chauvet

which cave paintings have controversial dates achieved by carbon 14 dating

Nicolas Poussin

which french artist is careful to always divide his paintings into foreground, middle, and back ground

hue

which word is virtually synonymous with color

scriptoria

writing places

homer

wrote about the Trojan War in the Iiad

false

ziggurats were used as tombs for the deceased near eastern kings