Art History 3

nietzche

Central to his philosophy is the idea of "life-affirmation," which involves an honest questioning of all doctrines that drain life's expansive energies, however socially prevalent those views might be.

open plan

Open plan is the generic term used in architectural and interior design for any floor plan which makes use of large, open spaces and minimizes the use of small, enclosed rooms such as private offices.

pop

a term used to refer to art, first appreaing in the 1950s, that incorporated elements from consumer culture, the mass media, and popular culture, such as images from motion pictures and advertising.

suprematism

a type of art formulated by Kazimir Malevich to convey his belief that the supreme reality in the world is pure feeling, which attaches to no object and thus calls for new, nonobjective forms in art-shakes not related to objects in the visible world.

muralism

a wall painting

photomontage

a composition made by pasting together pictures or parts of pictures, especially photographs.

collage

a compositon made by combining on a flat surface various materials, such as newspaper, wallpaper, printed text and and illustrations, photographs, and cloth.

symbolism

a late 19th century art movement based on the idea that the artist was not an imitator of nature but a creator who transformed the facts of nature into a symbol of the inner experience of that fact

modernism

a movement in western art that developed in the second half of the 19th century and sought to capture the images and sensibilities of the age. this art goes beyond simply dealing with the present and involves the art's critical examination of the premises of art itself

minimalism

a predominantly sculptural American trend of the 1960s characterized by works featuring a severe reduction of form, often to single, homogeneous

postmodernism

a reaction against modernist formalis, seen as elitist. far more encompassing and accepting than the more rigid confines of moderist practice, postmodernism offers something for everyone by accommodating a wide range of styles, subjects, and formats, from traditional easel painting to installation and from abstraction to illusionistic scenes. this style often includes irony or reveals a self conscious awareness on the part of the artist of art-making processes or working on of the art world.

bauhaus

a school of architecture in germany in the 1920s under the aegis of walter gropius who emphasized the unity of art, architecture, and design.

international style

a style of 20th century architecture associated with le corbusier, whose elegance of design came to influence the look of modern office buildings and skyscrapers

earth/land

an american art form that emerged in the 1960s. often using the land itself as their material. these artists construct monuments of great scale and minimal form. permanent or impermanent, ese works transform some section of the environment, calling attention to both the land itself and to the and of the artist.

conceptual art

an american avante-garde art movement of the 1960s whose premise was that the "artfullness" or art lay in the artist's idea rather than its final expression.

deconstructionism

an architectural style that attempts to disorient the observer by disrupting the conventional categories of architecture. the haphazard presentation of volumes masses, planes, lighting, and so forth challenges the viewer's assumptions about form as it relates to function

cubism

an art movement that rejected naturalistic depictions of, preferring compositions of shapes and forms abstracted from the conventionally perceived world.

fauvism

an art style where color became the formal element most responsible for pictorial coherence and the primary conveyor of meaning

installation

an artwork that creates an artistic environment in a room or gallery

purism

an early 20th century art movement that embracd the "machine aesthetic" and sought purity of form in the clean functional lines of industrial machinery

site-specific art

art created for a specific site

expressionism

art that is the result of the artist's unique inner or personal vision and that often has an emotional dimension. it contrasts with art focused on visually describing the empirical world

carl jung

collective unconscious - everyone has the same ideas about things

de stijl

dutch, "the style" an early 20th century art movement (and magazine), founded by piet mondrian and theo van doesburg, whose members promoted utopian ideals and developed a simplified geometric style

prairie style

frank lloyd wright's style of architecture

futurism

italian art movement that championed war as a cleansing agent and that celebrated the speed of dynamism of modern technology

dada

prompted by a revulsion against the horror of teh WWI that embraced political anarchy, the irrational, and the intuitive. a disdain for convention, often enlivened by humor or whimsy, is characteristic of the art the dadaists produced

manifesto

public declaration

formalism

strict adherence to stylized shapes and methods of composition. an emphasis on an artwork's visual elements rather than its subject

surrealism

successor to dada, which incorporate the improvisational nature of its predecessor in the art of dreams and the unconscious.

neo-plasticism

the dutch artist Piet Mondrian's theory of "pure plastic art" an ideal balance between the universal and the individual using an abstract formal vocabulary.

abstract expression

the first major american avant-garde movement that emerged in new york city in the 1940s. artists produced abstract paintings that expressed their state of mind and that they hoped would strike emotional chords in viewers. the movement developed along two lines: gestural abstraction and chromatic abstraction

primitivism

the incorporation in early-20th century western art of stylistic elements from the artifacts of Africa, Oceania, and the native peoples

performance art

trend of the 1960s that made time an integral element of art. it produced works in which movements, gestures, and sounds of persons communicating with an audience replace physical objects. documentary photographs are usually evidence remaining after the events