Art History FINAL!
Colors become more washed out and grey/purple over a distance
Atmospheric perspective
everyday scene
genre scene
cut into metal (these are the lines that show --> +) paper presses into ink filled grooves engraving more detailed/precise
intaglio painting
diagonal lines meet horizontal line at vanishing point
orthogonal
~ "squashed relief," very low relief that was invented by Donatello - more of an optical relief than actual relief - <1", all on a slight diagonal - painting-esque bc so flat - creates illusion of infinite depth (landscape behind consists of delicate surface modulations that catch light from varying angles -- sculptor's chisel, like a painter's brush, becomes a tool for creating shades of light and dark)
rilievo schiacciato
annual juried exhibition of academy students - hung floor to ceiling (~ 5000 would be exhibited) - was up for several months - had hierarchy of importance: 1) history 2) mythology 3) portraiture 4) landscape 5) still-life
salon
subtle transition of light and dark (no demarcation line), made possible bc of oil paint, means "smoke"
sfumato
strong beam of light against background is a tenebristic effect -- strong contrasts of light and dark
tenebrism
artists' finishing school to train them to be great artists (18th and 19th C)
the academy
3 panelled altarpiece, most common (more than multiptych or diptych)
triptych
cut into wood to make print, relief technique have to cut in reverse of the print that is produced
woodcut
whole plate is covered with resin and heated creates chromatic dimension (modulated middle tone) Goya
Aquatint
light and dark
Chiaroscuro
projecting 3D into 2D space
Foreshortening
Italian method of painting on wall using damp plaster to create CaCO3, which the color then fuses to
Fresco painting
Amount of fresco done in one day Fresco painted in segments, must plan ahead which segment will be in each giornata ex: Hands are one giornata bc so important
Giornata
technique of thick application of paint "impasted" textural cavities helps achieve a texture and atmospheric effect
Impasto
figure that wards off evil, dates back to Kouros figures - living figure, either has spirit of can communicate w/ spirits
apotropaic
sharp contrast of light and dark theatrical lighting a signature Caravaggio component
chiaroscuro
3D on 2D surfaces - artificial - invented by Romans, perfected by Renaissance - represent natural world in naturalistic way - use orthogonal lines to give 3D sense of 2D surface
perspective
working outdoors - directly form nature - realist - only possible bc of technology developments (synthetic paints) - was considered odd
plein-air