Art History Final

Images of putti figures harvesting grapes in the Church of Santa Costanza refer to __________________. a. all of these answers apply b. the pagan cult of Bacchus c. the ritual of the Eucharist d. the death and resurrection of Christ

a. all of these answers apply

What allows the dome of Hagia Sophia to appear to float mysteriously? a. all of these answers apply b. The obscured support piers c. The use of gold mosaic to cover the surface of the dome and pendentives d. A ring of windows at the dome's base

a. all of these answers apply

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Hellenistic art? a. linear and balanced compositions b. extreme expressions of pain, stress, or sorrow c. unusual or exotic subjects d. an emphasis on melodrama

a. linear and balanced compositions

What is a chakravartin?

an ideal universal ruler

The use of purple vellum in the production of the Vienna Genesis indicates it was probably made for______________.

an imperial patron

In which room of a Roman house would rainwater be collected?

atrium

What characteristics best describe this image? a. The use of costly materials. b. All of the answer options are correct. c. The use of continuous narrative. d. The use of a classical personification.

b. All of the answer options are correct.

The Chola period bronze Shiva Nataraja sculpture captures the deity dancing and is framed by a circle of flames, an ingenious element that fulfills several functions. Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement about its purpose? a. Compositionally, it provides a frame for Shiva's open, dynamic form. b. It serves as a handle by which devotees could carry it in procession. c. It symbolizes samsara, the cycle of birth, death, and reincarnation. d. It also helps physically stabilize the bronze sculpture, with its many delicate elements.

b. It serves as a handle by which devotees could carry it in procession.

The re-development of the Athenian Akropolis served several functions EXCEPT which of the following? a. Monumentalizing the Panathenaic procession. b. Legitimizing Perikles as leader of Greece. c. Asserting Athenian dominance over its subject allies. d. creating a monumental temple complex for Athenians' ritual use.

b. Legitimizing Perikles as leader of Greece.

According to this chapter, the Colosseum was used for all the following EXCEPT: a. Gladiator battles. b. Reenactments of naval battles. c. Animal hunts. d. Sacrifices to the Roman gods.

d. Sacrifices to the Roman gods.

Subtle refinements in the Parthenon's design ________ absolute regularity in order to create a more harmonious effect of the building on the viewer.

deviate from

In the Oratory of Galla Placidia, the ____________ symbolize eternal life.

doves flanking a fountain

Who was the patron of this pillar?

emperor Ashoka

The Temple of Hera at Poseidonia provides an early example of Greek architecture, demonstrating an interest in symmetry and the human experience, resulting in what exaggerated feature?

entasis

The sculpture Man and Centaur exemplifies the __________style.

geometric

Which of the following objects are associated with a site such as the Daisen tomb?

haniwa

Expressionism, or the artist's attempt to evoke a specific emotion from the viewer, is characteristic of which period of Greek Art?

hellenistic

The first synagogue at Dura Europos was located in a(n) __________

house

Clothed women in the form of columns are called __________ and are found on the Treasury of the Siphnians .

karyatids

The Roman basilica provided the basic design for Christian ________-plan churches.

longitudinal

The nobility and suffering of the figures of the Crucifixion were meant to _____________.

move monks and visitors

Where in North America can you visit a home based on the plan of a Herculaneum villa?

outside Los Angeles

A common image decorating the central dome of Russian Orthodox churches is Christ ___________, ruler of the universe.

pantokrator

What were members of the Roman upper class called?

patricians

A major component of Augustus's imperial ideology was Pax Romana. What does Pax Romana mean?

peace of Rome

Who is associated with this object?

prince Liu sheng

A ______________ includes the complete text of Psalms and odes or canticles from the Bible.

psalter

Where would lower- and upper-class Romans most likely interact without visible indicators of their social status?

public baths

_____________enabled Greek ceramic painters to create livelier human figures by painting interior details instead of incising them.

red figure

Small portable luxury items created in the Middle Byzantine period combine exceptional beauty and technical skill with ____________.

religious meaning

In contrast to Greek architectural sculpture, Etruscans decorated the ____________ of their temples.

roof

The Etruscans often decorated their tombs to resemble_____________.

rooms in their homes

Most examples of Early Christian sculpture created before the fourth century are ____________.

sarcophagi and small statues

Any large room where Torah scrolls are kept and read publicly can function as a ___________.

synagogue

What biblical event is represented in this mosaic?

the annunciation

What event is depicted here?

the battle of issos

The sculptor Polykleitos wrote a treatise called _________ that specified a set of rules for constructing what he considered to be the ideal human figure.

the canon

Which feature of Etruscan temples most resembled temples built in Greece?

the columns and entablature

The Paris Psalter reflects ___________________in both its subject matter and artistic style.

the continuation of pagan artistic traditions in the Christian art of Constantinople

Where would the congregation have focused their attention during religious services at Hagia Sophia?

the dome

The development of linear perspective is often incorrectly attributed to ______ instead of the ancient Greeks and Romans.

the renaissance

What pictorial element indicates an otherworldly space in Empress Theodora and her Attendants in the Church of St. Vitale?

the silhouetting of the figures against a gold background

What distinctly Roman structure served as both commemorative sculpture and an architectural gateway for parades?

the triumphal arch

The ancient Greeks believed that, like humans, their gods had what flaw?

they had human weaknesses and emotions

What is the primary purpose of this icon?

to honor or venerate sacred figures

An example of a freedman relief is found at the ______.

tomb of the rabirii

Like the Romans, early Christians first used central-plan buildings as _________.

tombs

The ____________, which provided space for the clergy and pilgrims, was an innovative feature of St. Peter's.

transept

Roman Republican portraiture is associated with the notion of ________, a meticulously faithful representation of the subject's appearance.

verism

In contrast to Egyptian temples, Greek temples encouraged the visitor to ______________.

walk around the exterior

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Great Stupa at Sanchi? a. It originally had a secret room underneath for prayer. b. The square fence-like enclosure at the top is called a harmika and symbolizes heaven. c. It is surrounded by a railing with four gateways. d. It is a solid mound and cannot be entered.

a. It originally had a secret room underneath for prayer.

Who is the seated musician depicted in the Paris Psalter?

David

The three orders of Greek architecture are the __________, __________, and __________ order.

Doric; Ionic; Corinthian

Which are two of the auspicious numbers that repeat in the design elements of Borobudur?

8 and 108

What feature of Etruscan culture is illustrated in the scene on this object?

A belief in the ability of seers to prophesy.

What characteristic of this structure provides evidence of Greek influence?

A freestanding peristyle (colonnade).

Which of the following best characterizes the stylistic shift that occurred in the Late Classical era?

A movement toward more realist works representing the everyday can be seen.

What was the major development in Buddhist art that occurred around the first or second century CE, during the Kushan empire?

The Buddha began to be shown in human form.

Jews and Christians used ___________for burials and funerary ceremonies, not as places of worship.

catacombs

The equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius reflects the Nerva-Antonine interest in which of the following:

classicism

Near the end of the first century, the _____________replaced the scroll as the primary form of recording texts.

codex

The raised podium and frontal stairway of this temple reflect the influence of what culture?

Etruscan

During which period did monumental Hindu art, including free-standing temples such as this example, start to be made?

Gupta period

What led to the fragmentation of Alexander's dynasty?

His early death without a designated heir led to his generals dividing up the empire into kingdoms.

Which of the following best demonstrates Hadrian's interest in classical revival?

His shift from the battlefield to Classical learning.

Which of the following is NOT a possible explanation for motivations for the Iconoclasm in the eighth century?

Iconoclasts viewed icons as a threat to the authority of Church clergy

The Rajarajeshvara temple's importance went beyond religion. Which of the following is an accurate statement about the temple's function in Chola society?

It had over eight hundred employees.

The Rajarajeshvara temple is an excellent example of south Indian or Dravida temple design. Which of the following is a typical feature of Dravida temple architecture?

It is enclosed in a large walled compound.

What is the significance of the contrast between the plain exterior of the Oratory of Galla Placidia and its highly decorated interior?

It symbolizes the transition from the real world into a supernatural realm.

What was the function of a sanctuary?

It was a space for public worship, including sacrifices and offerings.

What accounts for the unusual shape of the Erechtheion?

It was a steep site with preexisting shrines.

Which best describes the origin of Etruscan civilization?

It was most likely the result of a complex mingling of influences before and throughout the Villanovan period.

One of the two narratives suggested by the Great Relief at Mamallapuram is the story of the Descent of the Ganges. This detail may depict which scene from that story?

King Bhagiratha thanking Vishnu for helping to convince Shiva to break Ganga's fall with his matted locks.

Freestanding statues of male figures, which were made in the Archaic period, are called

Kouroi

Which properties of lacquer are useful for making artworks such as the painted lacquer basket from Lelang?

Lacquer seals and protects the object.

How does this portrait of Cleopatra differ from earlier coin portraits of her?

On the 32 BCE denarius pictured, Cleopatra is depicted as older and more masculine, with a larger frame.

Which best describes typical Romans' interactions with temples?

Only priests entered the temple, while most people worshiped and offered sacrifices outside.

What is the Vienna Genesis?

a codex

In the Icon of Saint Michael the Archangel from the Middle Byzantine period, the archangel is depicted as _______________.

a confrontational military commander

The Virgin of Vladimir is an example of a "Virgin of _________," where Mary and the Christ Child press their cheeks together and look at one another affectionately

compassion

The Virgin of Vladimir is an example of a "Virgin of _________," where Mary and the Christ Child press their cheeks together and look at one another affectionately.

compassion

What feature(s) do Greek kouroi and standing figures in Egyptian art have in common?

a rigid/upright stance

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Great Departure relief at the Stupa at Sanchi?

Prince Siddhartha is the figure leading the horse in the lower right.

In which creative form did the Romans resist Greek influences?

Republican portrait sculpture.

What specific aspect of Christian practice helped determine the architectural design of early churches?

congregational worship

In the central scene of the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, Christ appears as _____________.

Roman emperor distributing legal authority

What does the wheel on this pillar capital symbolize?

The "wheel of the law" that the Buddha put into motion at Sarnath.

Which of the following is a feature that helps distinguish images of bodhisattvas from buddha images? a. Bodhisattvas are depicted dressed in elegant clothing and wearing jewelry. b. Bodhisattvas always have their hands in the teaching mudra. c. Bodhisattvas are depicted dressed in simple clothing, with no jewelry. d. Bodhisattvas are depicted smiling.

a. Bodhisattvas are depicted dressed in elegant clothing and wearing jewelry.

How can we tell this sculpture by Lysippos dates to the Late Classical fourth century BCE rather than the preceding Classical era?

The figure is depicted in mid-action, enticing the viewer to move around the sculpture.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the plan of Angkor Wat?

The staircases leading up to the innermost enclosure are at a steep 70-degree angle.

The Kandariya Temple at Khajuraho is an excellent example of north Indian or Nagara temple design. Which of the following is a typical feature of Nagara temple architecture?

The temple is elevated on a high plinth and has several porches or halls (called mandapas) that lead to the inner sanctum.

What was Vespasian's main motivation for building the Colosseum?

To earn back the trust of the Roman people after the rule of Nero.

Why was this object made of jade?

To preserve the body for the afterlife.

What is the key difference between the narratives on the Arch of Titus and on Trajan's Column?

Trajan's Column features a continuous narrative.

How does the relief of the imperial family on the Ara Pacis communicate the stability of the dynasty?

Using portraits of his family to represent the imperial lineage.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the Hindu goddess Devi? a. She only has one form. b. She is accompanied by an elephant. c. When she is on her own (without a male partner), she is fierce and full of energy. d. She is always peaceful.

c. When she is on her own (without a male partner), she is fierce and full of energy.

Which of these Roman structures would later become the basis for Christian churches?

basilicas

What does Theotokos mean?

bearer of God

The Eucharist is an elaborate ceremony in Christian worship involving the ritual consumption of bread and wine, identified as the _______________of Christ.

body and blood

Buried after an earthquake in 373 BCE, the Charioteer was spared the fate of most ancient _________sculptures, which were melted down so the material could be used for other purposes.

bronze