ARTH 107 Final Exam

Benin brass plaques were regularly traded with Europeans, which is how they ended up in European and American collections. True False

False

Early Buddhist art and architecture did not make use of pre-Buddhist figures and symbolism. True False

False

Hindus go to temples at set times throughout the week. True False

False

Maya ceramic vessels were made using a pottery wheel. True False

False

Polychrome prints were made using a single carved block, with up to 15 different types of ink. True False

False

Sculptures are not important to the practice of Hinduism and are merely a form of decoration. True False

False

After the British invasion and conquest of Benin, the vast majority of Benin royal art is now in the collections of museums in Europe, the United Kingdom, and the United States. True False

True

The Great Wave or Under the Wave off Kanagawa is part of a series of prints titled Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji. True False

True

The above image is the interior of a ________, an early rock cut Buddhist worship hall. a. samsara b. stupa c. chaitya d. vihara

c. chaitya

The above diagram depicts a _______, an early Buddhist monastery. a. chaitya griha b. samsara c. vihara d. stupa

c. vihara

Although the often cited opposition in Islam to the depiction of human and animal forms is true for religious art and architecture, in the secular realm figural representation has flourished in all Islamic cultures. True False

True

Bodhgaya is sacred in Buddhism because it is where the Buddha achieved enlightenment. True False

True

Bodhisattvas have reached the state of enlightenment, but choose to stay in this world and help others. True False

True

Each Chola bronze statue is unique, but the sacred importance of Shiva Nataraja required sculptors to follow guidelines from key religious and artistic texts. True False

True

For the Maori, woodcarving, like tattooing, is a divine gift from the gods handed down from ancestors, and therefore requires ritual respect. True False

True

Hindu deities are often depicted with multiple arms and sometimes as part animals to highlight their powers. True False

True

Ink and brushwork provide the foundation of Chinese paintings, even when color is also used. True False

True

Maori tattoos are directly connected to the status of the person who has them, but traditionally some people of very high status did not have them because of their tapu (roughly defined as sacredness). This included some tattoo artists themselves, because they were ritual specialists. True False

True

Spectacular, large‑pattern silks, a fragment of one which you see here, were favored materials for luxury garments among the courtly elite of sixteenth-century Istanbul. True False

True

The marble-paved courtyard surrounded by an arched colonnade of the Suleymaniye Mosque is a standard of Ottoman imperial mosques, as are the red and white alternating voussoirs forming the arches. True False

True

The oba also constructed an ancestral altar for his mother if she held the title of Iyoba or Queen Mother. True False

True

The verse from the Koran decorating the center of the Suleymaniye's dome hints at a conceptual parallel between the cosmos—held in place by a divine creator—and the heavenly dome of the mosque, held in place by the four massive piers. True False

True

Traditionally weaving was taught within families with strict protocols and restrictions passed down by mothers, aunts, or grandmothers to the next generation. True False

True

Vegetal and floral patterns used in Islamic art can range from naturalistic to highly abstract, depending on time period and patron. True False

True

When the above stupa was built, the Buddha was not portrayed in human form. True False

True

Woodcarving tools acquire some of the tapu associated with their owner, and no one else can use them without the owner's permission. True False

True

Which of the following is true about Maya Civilization? a. Maya city centers usually included dramatic stepped pyramid with temples at their top and royal palaces nearby. b. It was centered in the modern day countries of Peru and Argentina. c. It was politically unified under a single king three times in its history. d. The Maya did not possess a writing system.

a. Maya city centers usually included dramatic stepped pyramid with temples at their top and royal palaces nearby.

Which of the following is true of Ottoman mosques? a. Ottoman mosque architecture is known for the use of large domes. b. Ottoman mosques follow a four iwan plan. c. Ottoman mosques often draw on the architecture of the Hagia Sophia. d. Ottoman mosques are unique as they do not have minarets.

a. Ottoman mosque architecture is known for the use of large domes. c. Ottoman mosques often draw on the architecture of the Hagia Sophia.

______ were characteristics of Ottoman mosques from an early period. a. Pencil thin minarets b. Hypostyle halls with adjacent arcaded courtyards c. Small or nonexistent domes d. Small or non-existent minarets

a. Pencil thin minarets

Which of the following are often found on Benin plaques and associated with the power of the oba? a. Portuguese b. mudfish c. lions d. leopards

a. Portuguese b. mudfish d. leopards

Which of the following statements about Chola attitudes toward dance is true? a. Religious dance was connected to the triumphant dance of Chola warriors. b. Images of the 108 positions of sacred dance can still be found decorating temples in Tamil Nadu. c. Dance was not considered an appropriate temple offering. d. Dance was connected to Shiva's cosmic power.

a. Religious dance was connected to the triumphant dance of Chola warriors. b. Images of the 108 positions of sacred dance can still be found decorating temples in Tamil Nadu. d. Dance was connected to Shiva's cosmic power.

This is a print depicting a kabuki actor by ________, who was known for not only for his ability to capture the essential qualities of kabuki characters, but also the personalities of the actors who were famous for performing them. a. Sharaku b. Suzuki Haronobu c. Kitagawa Utamaro d. Ando Hiroshige

a. Sharaku

To the Maori, trees represent _____, the god of the forest. a. Tane b. Hine Titama c. Ranginui d. Papatūānuku

a. Tane

Which of the following statements about the Chola dynasty is true? a. The Cholas are known for their large stone temples and bronze works. b. The Chola power base was in the modern region of Tamil Nadu. c. The Cholas ruled over most of Southern India, Sri Lanka, and the Maldive Islands. d. The Chola were strong economically, but are not known for their military power.

a. The Cholas are known for their large stone temples and bronze works. b. The Chola power base was in the modern region of Tamil Nadu. c. The Cholas ruled over most of Southern India, Sri Lanka, and the Maldive Islands.

Political conflicts in the 17th and 18th century led to which of the following developments in Benin royal art? a. The imagery stressed the oba's mystical powers and divine ancestry. b. The imagery stressed the oba's military power. c. Overall the forms of object became simplified and less ornate. d. Overall imagery became much more dense and focused on the supernatural.

a. The imagery stressed the oba's mystical powers and divine ancestry. d. Overall imagery became much more dense and focused on the supernatural.

Which of the following are common characteristics of Maya kings depicted in sculptures as well as other mediums? a. The king is depicted as youthful and athletic. b. Kings perform a set list of activities, such a ritual dancing or bloodletting. c. The king is depicted as older, reflecting his maturity and wisdom. d. The kings often wear unwieldy oversized headdresses.

a. The king is depicted as youthful and athletic. b. Kings perform a set list of activities, such a ritual dancing or bloodletting. d. The kings often wear unwieldy oversized headdresses.

Which of the following is true about Benin royal portrait heads such as the one pictured above? a. They were placed on ancestral altars, which were sites where the living monarch communicated with the ancestors. b. They provide idealized, but naturalistic representations of obas. c. They were key symbols of dynastic succession. d. They were made of bronze.

a. They were placed on ancestral altars, which were sites where the living monarch communicated with the ancestors. b. They provide idealized, but naturalistic representations of obas. c. They were key symbols of dynastic succession.

_______, who are responsible for representing the interests of the people are often shown on Benin plaques wearing tunics made of pangolin scales, because pangolins were considered the only animal invulnerable to the type of big cat associated with the king. a. Town Chiefs b. The Portuguese c. The Queen Mother d. Palace Chiefs

a. Town Chiefs

Japanese woodblock prints transformed ___________ art by demonstrating that simple, transitory, everyday subjects from "the floating world" could be presented in appealingly decorative ways. a. Cubist and Futurist b. Impressionist and Post-Impressionist c. Neo-Classicist d. German Romanticist

b. Impressionist and Post-Impressionist

The city of Palenque at the height of its power was ruled by King ________. a. K'inich Ahkal Mo' Nahb b. K'inich Janaab' Pakal c. K'inich Kan Bahlam II d. K'an Joy Chitam I

b. K'inich Janaab' Pakal

This is a Tibetan embroidery that depicts _______, the cosmic axis in Buddhism—that is, the link between heaven and earth. a. Mount Wutai b. Mount Sumeru c. Mount Everest d. Mount Kailasa

b. Mount Sumeru

Who are the two small figures that appear on either side of the head of the oba? a. Ethiopian traders b. Portuguese traders c. Town Chiefs d. Palace Chiefs

b. Portuguese traders

What do the belts decorated with crocodile emblems worn by the two kneeling figures symbolize? a. their role as bodyguards of the oba b. their right to trade with Europeans c. their power over the four quarters d. their position as Palace Chiefs

b. their right to trade with Europeans

The most prestigious cloaks by the later 19th century _________. a. were made of flax fiber overlaid with strips of stitched-on dog-skin or dog hair b. were full-feathered cloaks c. featured woolen designs and motifs on their surface d. were made of compact rows of whatu patahi (single-pair weft twining) and worn in combat

b. were full-feathered cloaks

______ is a mixture of mixture of potter's clay, ground quartz, and glassy frit, which was originally developed in the 12th century as an alternative to porcelain and extensively used by the Ottomans. a. Haft rangi b. Enamelware c. Fritware d. Lusterware

c. Fritware

_______ is the most highly regarded and most fundamental element of Islamic art. a. Geometric patterns b. Figural representation c. Vegetal patterns d. Calligraphy

d. Calligraphy

The blue and white floral patterns on the tiles decorating this Ottoman mosque were inspired by _______. a. new ceramic patterns from North Africa b. earlier Islamic metalwork c. Renaissance paintings d. Chinese porcelain

d. Chinese porcelain

The French painter _______ collected ukiyo-e prints and incorporated elements of their Japanese aesthetic, such as elongated pictorial formats, asymmetrical compositions, and spaces emptied of all but abstract elements of color and line, in his works such as the painting you see above. a. Claude Monet b. James Whistler c. Vincent van Gogh d. Edgar Degas

d. Edgar Degas

This is the top of a pillar commissioned by ________. It is decorated with a lion and an inverted _________, one of the most pervasive symbols of Buddhism, because this flower blooms unblemished after rising from muddy water and is an analogy for the Buddhist practitioner who is able to achieve Enlightenment. a. Raja Raja Chola I; lily b. Ananda; lily c. the Budhha; lotus d. Emperor Ashoka; lotus

d. Emperor Ashoka; lotus

The town of ____ was an important ceramic production center during the 15th-17th centuries that manufactured ceramics for the Ottoman court and the open market. a. Istanbul b. Bursa c. Konya d. Iznik

d. Iznik

_______, who created the above painting was originally a court painter who left court life to study Buddhism. a. Zhao Mengfu b. Fan Kuan c. Ma Yuan d. Liang Kai

d. Liang Kai

During his 50-year tenure as chief royal architect, ______ contributed to the formation of an architectural language that would come to be recognized as "Ottoman," and developed a standardized vocabulary of forms and measurements. a. Suleyman b. Mehmed Tahir Aga c. Davud Aga d. Mimar Sinan

d. Mimar Sinan

Islam was founded by ________ and shares many of the same holy sites and prophets with ____________. a. Noah; Judaism and Christianity b. Abraham; Judaism and Zoroastrianism c. Muhammad; Manicheism and Christianity d. Muhammad; Judaism and Christianity

d. Muhammad; Judaism and Christianity

The Cholas built massive stone temples constructed as sacred palaces to house and honor ______ and his family. a. Hanuman b. Ganesha c. Vishnu d. Shiva

d. Shiva

At Palenque, the palace complex is located in the center of the city, flanked by the ________. a. Temple of the Cross and Temple of the Foliated Cross b. Temple of the Sun and Temple of the Moon c. Temple of the Sun and a ball court d. Temple of Inscriptions and a ball court

d. Temple of Inscriptions and a ball court

____ originally was a burial mound that symbolized the Buddha and was the focus of worship in early Buddhism. a. The vihara b. The torana c. Mount Sumeru d. The stupa

d. The stupa

The red stamps often found on Chinese paintings are _________. a. official seals of imperial censers b. the logos of different auction houses c. colophons d. artists, collectors, and other viewer's seals

d. artists, collectors, and other viewer's seals

A Buddhist practitioner does not enter a stupa, but instead _______ as a meditational practice focusing on the Buddha's teachings. a. walks up to each of its gates b. counts the number of levels c. looks at the images that decorate it d. circumambulates it

d. circumambulates it

In the painting, Travelers by Streams and Mountains, Fan Kuan __________. a. painted a vision of the cosmos as two conflicting polarities b. painted a vision where man is all powerful over the natural world c. expressed his loyalty to the Song emperor among political turmoil d. expressed a cosmic vision of man's harmonious existence in a vast but orderly universe

d. expressed a cosmic vision of man's harmonious existence in a vast but orderly universe

The ______ established the basic layout of early mosques that _______, with roofs supported by many columns. a. Sassanan Palace at Ctesphion; followed a four iwan plan b. Dome of the Rock, were octagonal and centrally planned c. Kaaba, were square-shaped d. house of the Prophet Muhammad; were hypostyle halls

d. house of the Prophet Muhammad; were hypostyle halls

This print depicts a ______ and was designed by ______ a. noh actor; Sharaku b. samurai; Kitagawa Utamaro c. bunraku puppet; Ando Hiroshige d. kabuki actor; Katsukawa Shunho

d. kabuki actor; Katsukawa Shunho

Maori, along with other Polynesian peoples, believe that a person's _____, their spiritual power or life force (sometimes also translated as status), is displayed through their tattoo. a. tapu b. puhoro c. moko d. mana

d. mana

Zhao Mengfu created his work on _______, instead of the material with which Guo Xi and earlier painters traditionally worked. a. bamboo b. panel board c. silk d. paper

d. paper

On the lid of his sarcophagus, King Pakal is ________. a. represented performing a bloodletting ritual b. performing a ritual dance associated with conquest c. depicted as the god of rain d. positioned in an intermediary space, between the heavens and the Maya underworld

d. positioned in an intermediary space, between the heavens and the Maya underworld

The central figure on this ceramic vessel depicts a _______. a. Maya king b. wind god c. Maya warrior d. rain god

d. rain god

In the above painting, Fan Kuan has created rocks, trees, and all other elements in the painting through __________. a. subtle variations in the color of ink playing on the concept of light and shadow b. a layering of various landscape elements to create a three part composition c. the use of linear perspective d. texture strokes and ink washes

d. texture strokes and ink washes

This is ________, a square building elegantly draped in a silk and cotton veil, which is the holiest shrine in Islam. a. the Dome of the Rock b. the Great Mosque of Damascus c. the Great Mosque of Isfahan d. the Kaaba

d. the Kaaba

Geometric patterns make up one of the three nonfigural types of decoration in Islamic art, which also include calligraphy and vegetal and floral patterns. Geometric patterns are strongly associated with _______. a. the submission of the faithful to Allah b. the first mosque in Medina c. the revelations of the Prophet Muhammad d. the design of the universe and God's creation

d. the design of the universe and God's creation

The religious practice of Islam, which literally means "_________", is based on tenets that are known as the Five Pillars, to which all members of the Islamic community should adhere. a. follower of Muhammad b. keeper of the faith c. one who is Muslim d. to submit to God

d. to submit to God

This sword is one of the earliest known ________, distinctly Turkish weapons characterized by a double-curved blade and a hilt without a guard and was probably made in the imperial workshops. a. katana b. svärdstav c. Ottoman longswords d. yatagan

d. yatagan

Which of the following is true about the two main branches of Buddhism? a. Theravada recognizes the primacy and humanity of the historical Buddha who was an exemplary figure and enlightenment is available only to monks who explicitly pursue the path of Buddha himself. b. Mahayana Buddhism introduced the possibility of universal salvation, offering assistance to practitioners in the form of compassionate beings called bodhisattvas. c. Mahayana Buddhism had its greatest impact in the East Asian nations of China, Korea, and Japan. d. Theravada is the dominant form of Buddhism today in Sri Lanka as well as Burma, Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia.

ALL a. Theravada recognizes the primacy and humanity of the historical Buddha who was an exemplary figure and enlightenment is available only to monks who explicitly pursue the path of Buddha himself. b. Mahayana Buddhism introduced the possibility of universal salvation, offering assistance to practitioners in the form of compassionate beings called bodhisattvas. c. Mahayana Buddhism had its greatest impact in the East Asian nations of China, Korea, and Japan. d. Theravada is the dominant form of Buddhism today in Sri Lanka as well as Burma, Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia.

Each woodblock print required the collaboration of which of the following experts? a. a publisher b. a designer c. an engraver d. a printer

ALL a. a publisher b. a designer c. an engraver d. a printer

Which of the following are one of the "Four Treasures" and are important in Chinese calligraphy and painting? a. brush b. ink stone c. ink stick d. paper

ALL a. brush b. ink stone c. ink stick d. paper

Islamic Court carpets are often very similar to the carpets made in commercial workshops or villages, differing only in the quality of thread used. True False

False

The Suleymaniye Mosque was not part of a larger complex that includes other buildings with varying functions. True False

False

The term "Islamic Art" as it is used by scholars today includes only art that was created specifically to be used in a religious setting. True False

False

Today whare whakairo (carved meeting houses) are are no longer made. True False

False

Zhao Mengfu most likely never saw the handscroll in this video by Guo Xi. True False

False

The American artist, ________, who created the above print, found in Japanese woodcuts like those of Kitagawa Utamaro a fresh approach to the depiction of common events in women's lives. a. Mary Cassatt b. Claude Monet c. James McNeil Whistler d. Edgar Degas

a. Mary Cassatt

Which of the following Five Pillars of Islam directly relate to the Kaaba? a. Daily Prayers b. Alms-giving c. Pilgrimage to Mecca d. the Profession of Faith e. Fasting during Ramadan

a. Daily Prayers c. Pilgrimage to Mecca

Hokusai's iconic print, The Great Wave displays the influence of ______ art, and proved to be inspirational for many artists working in ____ in the nineteenth century. a. Dutch; Europe b. Italian; China c. Russian; Japan d. Chinese; Europe

a. Dutch; Europe

Which of the following is true about traditional Maori clothing and adornment? a. For people of high rank, items of dress could serve as extensions of the owner's personal power or mana. b. Clothing and hairstyles were fairly uniform throughout different regions. c. Because of the complex relationship between items of dress and personal mana, clothing or other possessions were hidden or buried as a precaution. d. Men and women wore distinctly different clothing.

a. For people of high rank, items of dress could serve as extensions of the owner's personal power or mana. c. Because of the complex relationship between items of dress and personal mana, clothing or other

______ is the name of the elephant headed deity who is also known as the "Remover of Obstacles". a. Ganesha b. Durga c. Shiva d. Vishnu

a. Ganesha

Which of the following is true about nature in Chinese culture? a. In the traditional Chinese worldview, each part of the universe is made up of complementary aspects known as yin and yang. b. In traditional Chinese cosmology, the natural world is make up of two opposing forces and is fairly stable and unchanging. c. The natural world has long been conceived in Chinese thought as a self-generating, complex arrangement of elements that are continuously changing and interacting. d. In the Chinese imagination, mountains had sacred power and were manifestation of nature vital energy, known as qi.

a. In the traditional Chinese worldview, each part of the universe is made up of complementary aspects known as yin and yang. c. The natural world has long been conceived in Chinese thought as a self-generating, complex arrangement of elements that are continuously changing and interacting. d. In the Chinese imagination, mountains had sacred power and were manifestation of nature vital energy, known as qi.

Which of the following is true about this pendant? a. It is likely a portrait of the famous Queen Mother Idia. b. The tiara-like headdress and decorative collar on the figure include mudfish and leopards. c. It was probably made by the exclusive guild of royal ivory carvers for the king. d. It was given as a gift to Portuguese traders.

a. It is likely a portrait of the famous Queen Mother Idia. c. It was probably made by the exclusive guild of royal ivory carvers for the king.

A French writer called the craze for all things Japanese in Europe in the late 1800s ________, which had the most direct and immediate impact in the decorative arts. a. Japonisme b. Orientalism c. Chinoisire d. Japanophilia

a. Japonisme

Many of the finest examples of calligraphy are pages from the _______, the holy book(s) of Islam. a. Koran b. Tripitakas c. Torah d. Vedas

a. Koran

Which of the following are characteristics of Yuan literati painting? a. Yuan landscape painters used painting as a vehicle for self-expression. b. The main goal of painters continued to be the accurate representation of nature. c. It was common for Yuan literati artists to refer to earlier painting styles in their works. d. Yuan literati painters used landscapes to make statements supporting the Yuan government.

a. Yuan landscape painters used painting as a vehicle for self-expression. c. It was common for Yuan literati artists to refer to earlier painting styles in their works.

This is an example of a _______ mosque. a. four iwan b. hypostyle c. centrally-planned

a. four iwan

Which of the following materials were believed to be filled with ase or supernatural energy and were and associated with the oba? a. ivory b. agate and jasper c. greenstones like nephrite d. coral

a. ivory b. agate and jasper d. coral

This is the _____ mask of _______. a. jade; King Pakal b. cinnabar; King Bahlam c. malachite; King Pakal d. moss agate; King Bahlam

a. jade; King Pakal

The three major themes of Edo period Japanese woodblock prints are: a. landscape scenes b. courtesans c. members of the military class d. kabuki actors

a. landscape scenes b. courtesans d. kabuki actors

Which of the following specifically appear on royal altars? a. portrait heads b. bells c. rattle staffs d. elephant tusks

a. portrait heads d. elephant tusks

In Benin art, the king is depicted wearing a crown and tunic of ______, a material connected to the source of the kingdom's power, ______. a. red coral; long-distance trade b. glass; long-distance trade c. ivory; large herds of elephants used in war d. nephrite; raw materials from nearby rain forests

a. red coral; long-distance trade

In Buddhism (and Hinduism), _______ is the term given to the endless cycle of rebirth and death, which is governed by ______ or causality. a. samsara; karma b. karma; Nirvana c. darshan; samsara d. Nirvana; karma

a. samsara; karma

In the Southern Song period (1127-1279), after the capital was relocated to south because of the loss of most of north China to the Jurchen Jin dynasty, court painters continued to paint landscapes, but favored___________. a. small formats and more lyrical treatments b. bland, not obviously skillful, amateur painting styles c. paintings that rejected connections between painting and poetry d. landscapes focused on monumental mountains reflecting the areas around the Southern Song capital

a. small formats and more lyrical treatments

Originally the brass plaques in this reading decorated ________. a. the palace of the oba b. the Queen Mother's residence c. ancestral altars d. the homes of Palace and Town Chiefs

a. the palace of the oba

Stupas are often placed on a square base, and the four sides represent the four directions, north, south, east and west. Each side often has a gate in the center called a _______, which represents the four great life events of the Buddha. a. torana b. vihara c. chaitya d. yashti

a. torana

Which of the following is true about the Edo period? a. The Tokugawa government was socially liberal, allowing different class to mix without prohibitions. b. As a means of controlling public behavior, the Tokugawa government created walled districts where brothels, teahouses, and theaters were established. c. For the first time, artists were inspired by and responded to the interests and preferences of the general public. d. While the samurai continued to be important patrons of the arts, the pleasure quarters and their sophisticated entertainments had an enormous impact on the culture of the Edo period.

b. As a means of controlling public behavior, the Tokugawa government created walled districts where brothels, teahouses, and theaters were established. c. For the first time, artists were inspired by and responded to the interests and preferences of the general public. d. While the samurai continued to be important patrons of the arts, the pleasure quarters and their sophisticated entertainments had an enormous impact on the culture of the Edo period.

_____, the act of seeing and being seen by the deity to attain grace, is one of the central aspects of Hindu worship. a. Puja b. Darshan c. Chahkras d. Mudras

b. Darshan

Which of the following statements about Chola sculpture is true? a. The Chola were the first ever to create portable Hindu sculptures. b. Processional images carried outside the temple allowed all worshipers the opportunity for darhsan as they made visual contact with the gods. c. Bronze sculptures were carried outside the temple during rituals ranging from routine daily processions to month-long annual festivals. d. Popular deities depicted by Chola sculptures include Shiva, his wife Pavarti, and their sons, Ganesha and Skanda.

b. Processional images carried outside the temple allowed all worshipers the opportunity for darhsan as they made visual contact with the gods. c. Bronze sculptures were carried outside the temple during rituals ranging from routine daily processions to month-long annual festivals. d. Popular deities depicted by Chola sculptures include Shiva, his wife Pavarti, and their sons, Ganesha and Skanda.

Which of the following is true about Maya ceramic vases? a. They were used in public rituals that took place in the large plazas that lie at the center of Maya cities. b. Scenes include historical figures such as the ruler and his family, mystical deities, and natural representations of flora and fauna. c. Maya hieroglyphic writing was commonly painted around the rim of vases, to announce its owner and describe the contents inside. d. They were one of many smaller objects made by the finest Maya craftsman that were used in restricted elite spaces.

b. Scenes include historical figures such as the ruler and his family, mystical deities, and natural representations of flora and fauna. c. Maya hieroglyphic writing was commonly painted around the rim of vases, to announce its owner and describe the contents inside. d. They were one of many smaller objects made by the finest Maya craftsman that were used in restricted elite spaces.

Although Shiva was depicted in many divine roles, it was his form as Shiva Nataraja or ______, which became a symbol of Chola power. a. The Destroyer of Fortresses b. The Lord of the Dance c. The Great Yogi d. The Lord Who Faces South

b. The Lord of the Dance

Which of the following is true about Maori tattoos? a. Unlike other Polynesian tattoos, their imagery is derived from nature b. They are unique in Polynesia because they originally used a technique that carved deep into the skin causing grooved scars. c. Tattooing is a ritualized and sacred to the Maori. d. They are unique in Polynesia because they use spiral motifs.

b. They are unique in Polynesia because they originally used a technique that carved deep into the skin causing grooved scars. c. Tattooing is a ritualized and sacred to the Maori. d. They are unique in Polynesia because they use spiral motifs.

European traders provided the Benin elite with which of the following products? a. ivory from West Africa b. copper and brass from Europe c. coral from the Mediterranean d. cowries shells from the Indian Ocean

b. copper and brass from Europe c. coral from the Mediterranean d. cowries shells from the Indian Ocean

In many mosques, there is a _________ attached to main prayer hall, where there is a fountain, whose waters can be used for the ablutions (ritual cleansing) done before prayer. a. mihrab b. courtyard c. minaret d. raised walkway

b. courtyard

The art at Yaxchilán, like most Maya cities is concerned with _______. a. the founding of Maya cities b. dynastic history c. cycles of time d. hunting

b. dynastic history

The Great Wave uses ________, both introduced to Japan from Europe. a. aerial perspective and cinnabar b. linear perspective and Prussian Blue c. shifting point perspective and malachite

b. linear perspective and Prussian Blue

The reading discuss three concepts that are central to the Maori world view. ______ is a spiritual power that comes to certain people and objects. _____ is the energy inside all things. _____ means sacred and sometimes involves certain restrictions. a. tapu, mana, mauri b. mana, mauri, tapu c. mauri, tapu, mana

b. mana, mauri, tapu

Hindu temples are built to resemble _______ because they connect the heavens and earth. a. large trees b. mountains c. caves d. tall defensive fortifications

b. mountains

A series of scenes carved on lintels that include the king and queen from Yaxchilán Structure 23 depict ______. a. scenes of warfare b. ritual bloodletting c. astronomical phenomenon d. the enthronement of a new king

b. ritual bloodletting

The ________, which we have seen in other mediums, appears on the blue border of this Ottoman prayer rug. a. International style b. saz style c. cinatami pattern

b. saz style

This drawing shows the Ottoman ________, which flourished in the mid-16th century and was characterized by the depiction of stylized, serrated leaf foliage, often paired with fantastic creatures including dragons and phoenixes. a. cintamani design b. saz style c. International style d. naturalistic style

b. saz style

Larger Maya stone sculptures served as the principal medium for presenting political and religious rhetoric to the public. Their most vital and imposing format was the _______, an upright flat slab of stone worked in relief on one, two, or four faces. a. portrait bust b. stela c. monolithic relief panel

b. stela

The stupa represents which of the following? a. the universe b. the Buddha c. a mountain d. the path to Enlightenment

b. the Buddha c. a mountain d. the path to Enlightenment

One of Muhammad's first actions was to remove all the idols from the ______, which was a major site of pilgrimage for the polytheistic religious traditions of the Arabian Peninsula. a. the Dome of the Rock b. the Kaaba c. the Temple of Solomon

b. the Kaaba

Guo Xi, A Northern Song painter did not think of paintings as a window and instead developed a strategy of depicting multiple perspectives called _______, so that one could view his paintings from multiple spots. a. hemp and ax cut strokes b. the angle of totality c. spirit resonance d. correspondence to the object

b. the angle of totality

Bronzes in southern Indian are created using ______, in which molten metal is poured into a hand-fashioned clay mold that is later broken apart to yield the final work of art. a. sand casting b. the lost wax process c. repoussé and chasing d. piece molds

b. the lost wax process

Which of the following is true about the Maori worldview? a. The Maori see the world as made up of sets of polar opposites, such as light and dark. b. The Maori considered themselves distinct and separate from animals and birds. c. In the Maori story of creation, the world began when the earth mother and sky father came together to produce children, who then became the gods of some part of nature. d. In the Maori worldview weather, birds, fish, trees, the sun, and the moon are related to each other, and to the people of the land.

c. In the Maori story of creation, the world began when the earth mother and sky father came together to produce children, who then became the gods of some part of nature. d. In the Maori worldview weather, birds, fish, trees, the sun, and the moon are related to each other, and to the people of the land.

Which of the following is true about Maori moko in the 20th and 21st century? a. Maori tattooing remained popular for both men and women throughout the 20th century. b. In the early 20th century, the tradition nearly died, although some high ranking men were still tattooed. c. In the late 20th century and today, moko are an important sign of cultural identity for the Maori. d. The 1970s and 1980s saw a resurgence in traditional tattoos, which Maori gangs wore as a sign of rebellion.

c. In the late 20th century and today, moko are an important sign of cultural identity for the Maori. d. The 1970s and 1980s saw a resurgence in traditional tattoos, which Maori gangs wore as a sign of rebellion.

_____ are decorative elements on the roof of many Maya structures, seen above in the image of the Temple of the Sun. a. Crenelated towers b. Temple screens c. Roof combs

c. Roof combs

The height of the empire's cultural and economic prosperity was during the reign of ______, a period often referred to as the Ottoman's 'golden age.' a. Murad II b. Osman I c. Suleyman the Magnificent d. Mehmed the Conqueror

c. Suleyman the Magnificent

This is a print of two lovers walking in the snow by _________, who was the first to make polychrome (multi-colored) woodblock prints. a. Katsushika Hokusai b. Ando Hiroshige c. Suzuki Haranobu d. Sharaku

c. Suzuki Haranobu

________ inspired a revival of Guo Xi's style in the 14th century. a. Fan Kuan b. Ni Zan c. Zhao Mengfu d. Wang Meng

c. Zhao Mengfu

One European on this plaque is holding a manila, which were _______. a. a type of gift given by Europeans to the Queen Mother b. emblems given to traders by the oba c. bracelet-shaped brass ingots d. a type of bracelet imported from Africa and popular in Europe

c. bracelet-shaped brass ingots

One of the chief products that the Portuguese traded with the kingdom of Benin were, _____ ingots, which often took the form of "manillas" or bracelets. a. gold b. silver c. brass d. tin

c. brass

Which of the following type of objects/features have made the site of Yaxchilán famous? a. ceramic polychrome vases b. stone sarcaphogi c. carved stone lintels d. a well-preserved ball court

c. carved stone lintels

The ________ of the Suleymaniye Mosque is a direct quotation from the architecture of the sixth-century Byzantine church Hagia Sophia. a. marble and stained glass b. open interior with open side aisles c. central dome flanked by two semi-domes d. mosaics in the courtyard and the interior

c. central dome flanked by two semi-domes

This Maya vase is painted in what is known as the ________ style, because it uses fine calligraphic lines similar to those used in Maya books. a. bark cloth or parchment b. folded book c. codex d. hieroglyphic

c. codex

____are carved neck pendants, typically made of _____that have a human-like form, of which the origins are lost. a. puhoi; moa bone b. puhoi; whale bone c. hei tiki; greenstones d. awarua; greenstones

c. hei tiki; greenstones

This is a _____, a niche in the wall that indicates the direction of Mecca toward which Muslims pray. a. minaret b. qubba c. mihrab d. sahn

c. mihrab

During the Five Dynasties and Northern Song, painters ___________________________. a. favored bland, not obviously skillful, amateur painting styles b. moved in the direction of closer views of nature, both in landscapes and in images of birds, flowers, and insects c. painters moved from a decoratively colorful and realistic form to one that is more restrained and conceptual d. produced works in colors on silk in the meticulous gongbi style, outling the forms and applying washes of color smoothed out with water in many layers

c. painters moved from a decoratively colorful and realistic form to one that is more restrained and conceptual

Although Zhao Mengfu created his composition in a radically new style, it's main subject matter, ______, are traditionally associated with survival. a. bamboo b. maple trees c. pine trees d. orchids

c. pine trees

Islamic calligraphy is written using a _______. a. brush b. ballpoint pen c. reed pen d. quill feather pen

c. reed pen

This relief is from the exterior of the middle archway of the Eastern Gate of the Great Stupa at Sanchi that depicts _________. a. the Seven Buddhas b. the death of the Buddha c. the Great Departure d. the Monkey Jataka

c. the Great Departure

The nine levels of the Temple of the Inscriptions are associated with _______. a. the realm of the gods and ancestors b. the gods of warfare and hunting c. the nine levels of the Maya Underworld d. the outer realms of the Maya world

c. the nine levels of the Maya Underworld

The Temple of the Inscriptions gets its name from the relief panels inside the temple that contain an unusually long inscription, but it is really_______. a. an astronomical observatory b. a temple dedicated to the maize god c. the tomb of Pakal d. a secondary royal residence

c. the tomb of Pakal

Guo Xi's painting was probably created _________. a. at the request of an imperial prince b. after the fall of the Song dynasty c. to be given to a friend as a retirement gift d. for his mother and father

c. to be given to a friend as a retirement gift

This example of Ottoman calligraphy is a _________. a. signature from a larger collection of Ottoman calligraphy b. chapter header from a Koran c. tughra or official seal d. title page from a book of poetry

c. tughra or official seal