ARTH 254 Final Exam

Annette Messager (1943-)

A French artists who works in mixed media. She is very interested in collecting and the body. Image: My vows, Annette Messager

Mariko Mori (1967-)

A contemporary Japanese artist whose work explores the intersections of life, death, reality, and technology. She works in a variety of media. Image: Play with Me, Mariko Mori

Keffiyeh

A designed headscarf that is a trademark of Palestine nationalism/ resistance. Image: Keffieh (1993-1999), Hatoum

Cyborg

A fictitious 1/2 machine 1/2 human character which emerged out of feminist writing. A progressive creature that exhibits a life w/o gender constraints. Image: Play with Me, Mariko Mori

Postmodernism

A movement which both surpassed modernism and usurpt its conventions. Here, she does this by pulling from film stills instead of the high-art world. This movement falls in line with beliefs of many feminist artists and critics in the early 1970s. Image: Untitled film still #21, Cindy Sherman

The Dinner Party

A piece of installation art that celebrates over 39 mythological/ historical women. Chicago created individualized place setting at a table for the women--most plates engage with central core imagery. Image: The Dinner Party, Judy Chicago

TALLER DE GRÁFICA POPULAR (PEOPLE'S GRAPHIC WORKSHOP)

A print collective founded in Mexico whose primary goal was to use art to advance revolutionary causes. Elizabeth Catlett did a series of prints which celebrate Mexicanidad (the revolutionary spirit) as well as social and economic progress. Image: Sharecropper, Elizabeth Catlett

Cut-paper Silhouettes

A type of art that was prevalent during the 18th-19th century. Walker used this "dainty" and "polite" medium of the antebellum south to highlight the overly exaggerated racial stereotypes. Image: Keys to the Chicken Coop, Kara Walker

Faith Ringgold (1930-)

African-American Artist who works in fabric assemblage and story quilts. Also created several painting series focusing on race issues. Image: We Came to America, Faith Ringgold

Lorna Simpson (1960-)

African-American photographer and multimedia artist started complicating the presumed transparency of photography, experimenting with the clarity of the narrative and possible deconstructions. Image: Guarded Conditions, Lora Simpson

Cindy Sherman (1954-)

An artist who uses photography to examine the strategies and codes of representations. Image: Untitled film still #21, Cindy Sherman

Rosemary Laing (1959-)

Australian painter / conceptual photographer whose work uses no digital manipulation. Image: Groundspeed, Red Piazza #5, Rosemary Laing

Fluxus

Biggest goal of movement - challenge distinction between art and life. Often involved audience participation. Image: Cut Piece, Yoko Ono

Role of Memory in Salcedo's Work

By using domestic objects in her work, she underscores specificity of place (instead of universality). As a result, the subject becomes the traces of violence on a specific community or family unit. Loss is therefor personified and humanized. Image: Untitled (Chair /Cement), Salcedo

Doris Salcedo (1958-)

Colombian artist whose art focuses on activism / political commentary. Influences of new figuration/ neo-expressionism. Her works, in various mediums, transforms violence into a universal subject. Image: Untitled (chair / cement), Salcedo

Jenny Holzer (1950-)

Conceptual and installation artist who is famous for her text series. Many were installed on streets in NYC and offered a unique opportunity for engagement. Image: Truisms, Jenny Holzer

Barbra Kruger (1945-)

Conceptual artist, designer, and writer associated with the Pictures Generation. Her photograph-based images examine the representation of power via mass-media images, appropriating their iconography to deconstruct them visually and verbally. Image: Untitled ( Your Body is a Battleground), Barbra Kruger

Wangechi Mutu (1972-)

Contemporary African artist whose investigates themes of race, gender, identity, colonialism, and technology (especially cyborgs and hybrid bodies) using a variety of Image: Roots of all Eves, Mutu

Rose B. Simpson (1983-)

Contemporary American artist whose work takes a multimedia approach to contemporary Native identity and gender and culture-based stereotypes. Image: Maria, Rose Simpson

Orientalist art of the 19th century

Counters the problematic implications made by orientalist work (ie use of naturalistic style to suggest the painting is pure observation when this is not true) She makes it more accurate and inserts 'the artists hand' into the image with the use of text Image: Essaydi, Les Femmes du Maroc: La Grande Odalisque

Ghada Amer (1963-)

Egyptian-French artist whose work focuses on and deals with issues of gender, sexuality, political, religious freedom. I <3 Paris, Amer Basically, women fully covered in burka taking touristy photos.

Black Diasporic History as Influence

Faith Ringold's story quilts call back to tradition of quilt making through history of slavery back to africa (also reclaimation of 'womens work') Saar's series of sculptures that are part human and part tool are similar to certain types of African art where artists feminize sculptural objects. Image: Clean Sweep, Alison Saar

Collecting as Influence

For Annette Messager, Collecting (or the use of found objects) was a fundamental part of her art practice. Though the concept had already been established when she started making art, it was of particular interest to her because it served as very un-gendered (or at least feminine) documentation of ones life. Image: My vows, Annete Messager

Lalla Essaydi (1956-)

Her words (not Quran) are painted on the actual fabric (skin, etc.) with henna The fact that biographical writing is on their clothing, things like agency are brought to mind in a context where female agency and choice (aka, wanting to wear the hijab) is often not recognized. Image: Converging Territories # 26, Essaydi

Hindu Nationalism

Hindu nationalism is a political ideology that encompasses different groups. Broadly, these groups all define Indian culture and politics in terms of Hindu religious values. Image: Untitled (1992-1993), Sheela Gowda

Central Core Imagery

Imagery that reflect vaginal anatomy as a way to dismantle the social constructs that define gender roles and the negative connotations that surround female genitalia Image: The Dinner Party, Judy Chicago

Grid/cube influence

Inspiration from stuff by peeps like Sol LeWitt HER stuff is not fully abstracted, has fundamental resonances than can be read, ie this one looks like a cage This comments on lack of women in modernity movements and the lack of social importance in these movements Image: Hatoum, Cube (2006)

Mona Hatoum (1952-)

Inspiration from stuff by peeps like Sol LeWitt HER stuff is not fully abstracted, has fundamental resonances than can be read, ie this one looks like a cage This comments on lack of women in modernity movements and the lack of social importance in these movements Image: Hatoum, Cube (2006)

Environmental Interventions

Instead of using digital manipulation, Laing often turns to the manipulation of space, land etc. in order to get an eye-catching and meaningful photograph. In this image, a rug has been cut to fit around the natural landscape (trees and rocks). Image: Groundspeed, Red Piazza #5, Rosemary Laing

Yoko Ono (1933-)

Japanese artist involved in the Fluxus movement of the 1960s/1970s. Her work focuses representation of the body, politics, and peace. Image: Cut piece, Yoko Ono

Yayoi Kusama (1929-)

Japanese conceptual artist who uses a variety of mediums (sculpture, film, and instillation) Image: Accumulation No. 1, Yayoi Kusama

Iranian Revolution (1979)

Made before 9/11, are about the Iranian Revolution and how that changed perspectives of Muslim women Gives the figures agency Images: Neshat, Women of Allah, Rebellious Silence and Faceless

Linocut

Made out of linoleum cuts (product is visually similar to wood cuts) From "I am the Negro Woman," series of 15 linocuts, this is one of the 15 Image: In Harriet Tubman I helped hundreds to freedom, Elizabeth Catlett

"I am a Negro Woman" Series

Shows black woman with agency and activism. Usurps the hierarchy created by history of slavery—even sympathetic accounts portray black bodies as inactive victims. Image: In Harriet Tubman I helped hundreds to freedom, Elizabeth Catlett

Influence of Santa Clara Pueblo Ceramics

Simpson titles her repainted El Camino Maria in homage to the woman who played a pivotal role in the remaking of the black on black pottery for which Santa Clara Pueblo is now known. Image: Maria, Rose Simpson

Elizabeth Catlett (1915-2012)

Starts primarily as a sculptor Interested in themes of motherhood, specifically for black women. Simple geometric use of form, paired down emotions Image: Mother and Child, Elizabeth Catlett

Story Quilt

Story quilts, or quilts with narratives, have deep roots in African American heritage and art practice. This heritage possibly extends back to African art making and practice. Image: We came to America, Faith Ringgold

Shirin Neshat (1957-)

Takes photos and then writes on them Writes passages from Women's writing About the Iranian Revolution and how that changed perspectives of Muslim women Gives the figures agency Image: Women of Allah, Rebellious Silence and Faceless, Neshat

Documentary Photography / Bertillion System

The Bertillion System used photos, fingerprints, physiognomy as proof and visual aid to define physical characteristics of criminals. Often, these 'Documentary Photographs' were also used to justify things like chattel slavery. This is a big reason why Simpson works with photography, her goal is to counter this type of use of photographs. Image: Guarded Conditions, Lorna Simpson

Sheela Gowda (1957-)

The contemporary Indian artist who uses unusual mediums, such cow dung, human hair, and found objects, as a source of commentary on the labor of marginalized people of India. Image: Untitled [sculptural piece made of cow pats], Sheela Gowda

Pictures Generation

The first formally recognized group of artists whose practice involved the appropriation of media images in order to comment on the over abundance of such images and their level of influence on peoples' lives. Image: Untitled film still #21, Cindy Sheran

JUDY CHICAGO (1939-

The mother of feminist art feminist art history who is interested in "lower genres and subjects". Kitsch Image: The Dinner Party, Judy Chicago

Reclamation of History and "Women's Work"

The use of mediums traditionally associated with women (ie fabric, etc) and a kitsch aesthetic (garish, too frilly, overly sweet) within a 'high art' or museum context in order to call attention to the unacknowledged art making that women have done for centuries. This is evident in some of Judy Chicago's embroidered place settings. Image: The Dinner Party, Judy Chicago

Influence of "new figuration" and Neo-expressionist painting

These often paired subjects like the human body with highly charged moments of violence and destruction. The goal of such pairings was often to make art that could be shown museums across the world and understood by any observer. As a result, would-be personal moments of violence became universal subjects and experiences. Salcedo does almost the opposite because her art uses personal, domestic objects to allude to moments of violence. Image: Untitled (chair / cement), Doris Salcedo

Colombian "Conflict" (or Civil War)

War between Colombian governments, paramilitary groups, crime syndicates, and left-wing guerrillas. Image: Untitled (Chair /Cement), Salcedo

Louise Bourgeois (1911-2010)

Work veered between abstraction and figuration, alternating forms, materials and scale. Themes: loneliness, jealousy, anger, fear, and sexuality. Images: Louise Bourgeois w/ Filette, Mapplethorpe

Niki de Saint-Phalle (1930-2002)

a French-American sculptor, painter, and filmmaker. She was one of the few women artists widely known for monumental sculpture and shooting paintings. Image: Tir de Jasper Johns, Saint-Phalle

Afrofuturism

a cultural aesthetic, philosophy of science, and philosophy of history that combines elements of science fiction, historical fiction, fantasy, Afrocentrism, and magic realism with non-Western cosmologies in order to critique not only the present-day dilemmas of black people, but also to revise, interrogate, and re-examine the historical events of the past. Image: Roots of all Eves, Mutu

Assemblage

a form of sculpture comprised of "found" objects arranged in such a way that they create a piece. Image: Black Girl's Window, Betty Saar

Nouveaux Realistes

a primarily European movement that focuses commentary of 20th century commercialism. A central goal of the movement is to colapse space between real life and art. Titles are very important. Image: Tir de Jasper Johns, Saint-Phalle

Magic Lantern

a simple form of image projector used for showing photographic slides. Image: Fall Frum Grace, Miss Pipi's Blue Tale, Karra Walker

"Shooting" Paintings

a type of relief sculpture / installation art that involves paint bags being shot at by a participant/ the artist. Image: Tir de Jasper Johns, Saint Phalle

Soft Sculptures

a type of sculpture made using cloth, foam rubber, plastic, paper, fibres and similar material that are supple and nonrigid. Image: Accumulation No. 1, Yayoi Kusama

Kara Walker (1969-)

an African American contemporary painter, silhouettist, print-maker, installation artist, and film-maker who explores race, gender, sexuality, violence, and identity in her work. Image: Keys to the Chicken Coop, Kara Walker

Carrie Mae Weems (1953-)

an American artist who works with text, fabric, audio, digital images, and installation video but is best known for her work in the field of photography. Body of work examines racial / gender stereotypes Image: The Kitchen Table series, Carrie Mae Weems

Alison Saar (1956-)

an American sculptor, painter and installation artist whose work explores themes of African cultural diaspora and spirituality. Image: Strange Fruit, Alison Saar

Betty Saar (1926-)

an artist that is interested in found media/material. Art focuses on reclaiming gender and race. Image: Black Girl's Window, Betty Saar

Monumental Public Sculpture

an overlife sculpture that inhabits public spaces. Image: She-a-Cathederl, Saint Phalle

Installation art

art that is created, constructed, or installed on the site where it is exhibited, often incorporating materials or physical features on the site. Image: Kara Walker, the Marvelous Sugar Baby

Black Arts Movement

artistic outgrowth of the Black Power movement that was prominent in the 1960s and early 1970s. Image: The Liberation of Aunt Jemima, Betty Saar

Conceptual Art

term applied to work produced from the mid-1960s that either markedly de-emphasized or entirely eliminated a perceptual encounter with unique objects in favour of an engagement with ideas and concepts. A second wave took up conceptualism to investigate institutional concerns, like the museum, and social issues, like gender and race. Image: Truisms, Jenny Holzer

Feminist Art Movement

the efforts and accomplishments of feminists internationally to produce art that reflects women's lives and experiences Image: The Dinner Party, Judy Chicago

Orientalism as a theory of knowledge and power

theory: by writing the story as an outsider, one implements a power dynamic that spans all aspects of life She deals with this directly by making a new version of Gerome's Slave Market puts too much of the stereotype into image (tile, etc.) Image: Duty Free, Essaydi