Articles of Confederation, Constitutional Convention, and Ratification (oh my!)
Virginia Plan
Presented by James Madison - bicameral legislature, membership based on population. Small states said NO!
5th Amendment
You don't have to testify against yourself
6th Amendment
You have a right to a speedy trial and an impartial jury. You have to be informed about what you are accused of and you have the right to confront witnesses against you.
Compromise regarding election of the president
electors chosen by the states will vote at the electorial college to deternime the president
Those who supported the Constitiution were called
federalists
federalism
government power divided between national (central) and state governments
Under Shay's rebellion, the farmers shut down the court houses to avoid what?
losing their land
4th Amendment
no unreasonable search and seizure
The land ordinace of 1785 provided for division and sale of the lands in what territory?
north western
name the states that will emerge out of the northwest territory
ohio, indianna, illinois, wisconsin, and michigan
According to the Land Ordinance of 1785, the sale of section 16 would be used to fund....
public schools
New Jersey Plan
single house legislature with all states having an equal vote.
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 baned ____ in the Northwest territory (west of the Appalachians)
slavery
The southern states would not agree to the Constitution unless it allowed for....
slavery - slave trade had to be continued for 20 years.
The 2nd Continental Congress under the AOC did NOT have the power to.... (name all 5)
tax, control trade between states, settle disputes between states, draft an army, or collect state debt.
Under the Land Ordinance of 1787, land was organized into 6 by 6.....
townships
In what year did the Constitution go into effect?
1789
At the Constitution Convention, how did the founders solve the problem of how to count slaves?
3/5ths compromise - the slave from each state were counted as three fifths of a person when determining a states population
Under the AOC, how many states had to approve of new laws.
9 out of 13 states
Group of people who did not support the Constitution
Anti-federalists
Elastic clause
Article 1, Section 8 of the U.S. constitution - also called the "necessary and proper" clause - gives congress the right to make all laws necessary to carry out its expressed powers.
In order to convince people to ratify the constitution, the federalists had to guarantee that they would add a....
Bill of Rights
The Federalist Papers
Collection of newspaper articles and journals written by Publius (really Madison, Hamilton, & Jay) written to encourage the ratification of the Constitution
Supremacy Clause
Constitution is the supreme law of the land. In other words, the federal law is more powerful than the state laws.
checks and balances
Each branch of government has the ability to limit the other branches, meaning that no branch of government can ever be too powerful.
How many delegates were sent to congress from each state? And how many votes did each state have?
Each state sent 2-7 delegates depending on population. Only one vote was allowed per state.
1st Amendment
Freedoms of speech, press, religion, assembly
What type of people were likely to support the Anti-federalists?
Generally speaking, the poorer folks (farmers, states rights advocates)
At the Constitution Convention how did the founders solve the problem of representation?
Great Compromise - Lower House (House of Representatives) has representation by population, Upper house (Senate) has equal representation
10th Amendment
If its a right not given to the federal government then its a right reserved for the states.
Who was known as "the father of the Constitution?"
James Madison
9th Amendment
Just bc its not in the Bill of Rights does not mean you do not have that right (in other words, you have more rights than just the ones listed in the BoR).
2 Main accomplishements of the AOC were...
Land Ordinance of 1785 (method of allowing new states into the union) and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 (set up a system for admitting territories as states)
The idea of divided government and checks and balances came from which French philosoph?
Montesquieu
8th Amendment
No Excessive Bail or Fines No Cruel or Unusual Punishment
3rd Amendment
No quartering of troops
How many branches of government were in the Articles of Confederation?
One. The Legislative Branch consisting of a congress that made laws.
Reserved Powers
Powers left up to the states
Enumerated Powers
Powers listed for the national government. Aka Delegated powers.
7th Amendment
Right to a trial by jury, no double jeopardy (can't be tried for the same crime twice).
2nd Amendment
Right to bare arms (or bear arms, whatevs). :)
What historic event took place during the formation of the nation's government and convinced many that the AOC needed to change?
Shays' Rebellion
The main criticism of the AOC was that it left too much power for the ....
States
First amendment guarantees of freedom of speech and religion came from which Enlightenment philosopher?
Voltaire
What type of people were likely to support the Federalists?
Wealthy businessmen, highly educated, needed strong central government to make a profit from trade.
republic
a country elected by representatives, a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them
Amendments or changes and additions to the Articles of Confederation required the approval of (blank) states
all 13 states
Confederation (as in "The Articles of Confederation") made the states..
an alliance
Anti-federalists arguments
centered on the idea that the states would disappear under the power of the federal government and the national government would trample the rights of the people
The 2nd Continental Congress under the AOC had the power to... (name all 5)
declare War, form alliances, manage indian affairs, establish post offices, print money, regulate trade with other countries, borrow money, and regulate standards for weights and measures.