Assignment 4 Blood A and P

Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood?

45 percent

Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood, and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume.

55; 92

Overall, the most common blood type is

O

Describe platelets and their origin

Platelets are cell fragments that develop from megakaryocytes.

Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false?

Red cells are about 18 µm in diameter.

________ are immature erythrocytes that are present in the circulation.

Reticulocytes

Why can't a person with type A blood safely receive blood from a person with type B blood?

A person with type A blood will have anti-B antibodies that will agglutinate with type B blood.

________ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

Coagulation

Monocytes are classified as:

agranular leukocytes, which are very large cells with kidney bean-shaped nuclei and abundant cytoplasm.

Which plasma protein is a major contributor to the osmotic pressure of plasma?

albumin

Hemolytic disease of the newborn may result if

an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus.

White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are

basophils.

The function of red blood cells is to

carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells.

Platelets are

cytoplasmic fragments of large cells.

The process of fibrinolysis

dissolves clots.

Red cell production is stimulated by a kidney-derived hormone called

erythropoietin (EPO).

Which of the following plasma proteins function in clotting?

fibrinogen

A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is

fibrinogen.

Rouleaux refers to the ability of RBCs to

form stacks.

A hematocrit provides information on

formed elements abundance.

Each hemoglobin molecule contains

four iron ions.

The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the

hematocrit.

The waste product bilirubin is produced from

heme molecules lacking iron.

Which specific plasma proteins would you expect to be elevated during an infection?

immunoglobulins

Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the

immunoglobulins.

All of the following are true of neutrophils except that they are

important in coagulation.

RBCs typically live about 120 days. The main reason for this short lifespan in RBCs is their

lack of nucleus.

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?

liver

All of the following are components of the cardiovascular system except

lymph vessels.

The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is

plasmin.

Which of the following is not a function of blood?

produce hormones

The chief differences between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the concentration of

proteins.

Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is

recycled to red bone marrow.

The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by the

release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium.

The normal pH of blood is

slightly alkaline.

Most of the protein factors that are required for clotting are synthesized by

the liver.

People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because

their blood lacks A or B antibodies.

If the blood types of a donor and recipient are compatible, then

there is no reaction between antibodies and antigens.

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by

thrombin.

Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood except

viscosity about the same as water.

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called

whole blood.

Define hematocrit.

Hematocrit is the percentage of whole blood volume contributed by formed elements.

________ transport(s) oxygen and CO2 in the RBCs.

Hemoglobin molecules

Which of the following vitamins is needed for the formation of clotting factors?

K.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Veins return blood to the capillaries

When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect

a rise in hematocrit. the release of erythropoietin. a drop in oxygen levels. All of the answers are correct. None of the answers is correct Answer All of the answers are correct

The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the

activation of proenzymes exposed to collagen.

Which white blood cell population is found in the highest abundance and has lobed nuclei resembling a string of beads?

neutrophils

Identify the five types of white blood cells

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes