AST 201 Exam 2
According to Zeilik 1986, for the Pueblo people the names of the moons/months are related to what? a. The color of the moon b. Times of war c. Seasonal phenomena and activities d. Stages of life e. Gods
Seasonal phenomena and activities
According to Zeilik 1991, when did the month begin for the Pueblo? a. Just after Full Moon b. First Quarter c. Sighting of the last visible crescent d. Full Moon e. Sighting of the first visible crescent
Sighting of the first visible crescent
8. Based the reading by Maryboy and Begay 2010, which of the following is not a layer in the Sun's outer atmosphere? a. The Photosphere b. The Radiative Zone c. The Chromosphere d. The Corona
The Radiative Zone
6. Based on the reading by Maryboy and Begay 2010, where is the Sun's energy generated? a. The Photosphere b. The Radiative Zone c. The Inner Core d. The Chromosphere e. The Corona
The Inner Core
According to the reading by Griffin-Pierce (1992), "Hooghan and the Stars," which of the following is NOT one of fours ways in which a sandpainting - often with constellations - is used to assist in a healing (hint - pp. 114-116). a. it attracts supernaturals and their healing power b. it absorbs the sickness from a patient seated on it c. it creates a ritual reality in which supernaturals an patient interact d. it gives the patient a more positive view of their situation e. it identifies the patient using the healing power of supernaturals
it gives the patient a more positive view of their situation
According to Zeilik (1985), what is the mean difference between actual (astronomical) and celebratory dates for the Hopi and Zuni winter and summer solstices? a. 0.75 days b. 1.6 days c. 2.5 days d. 3 days e. 7 days
1.6 days
According to Williamson & Farrer 1994, Native American calendar keepers had problems reconciling the solar and lunar calendars. How much shorter is 12 periods of the lunar month than the solar (tropical) year? a. 11.24 days b. 4.56 days c. 20.38 days d. 7.18 days e. 25.93 days
11.24 days
According to the lecture powerpoint slides and "Eclipses and the Saros", the periodicity and recurrence of eclipses are governed by the Saros Cycle. Approximately how long is this cycle? a. 18 years, 11 days, 8 hours b. 6 years, 150 days, 4 hours c. 25 years, 2 days, 17 hours d. 10 years, 21 days, 2 hours e. 31 years, 107 days, 9 hours
18 years, 11 days, 8 hours
According to the lecture powerpoint slides, how far away from the sun on the sky is a full moon? a. 180 degrees b. 90 degrees c. 20 degrees d. 270 degrees e. 45 degrees
180 degrees
According to Aveni (1997), the Sun passes through the zenith at all latitudes between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn how many times each year? a. 1 b. 2 c. 4 d. 8
2
According to Zeilik (1985), when does the Zuni pekwin start observations prior to winter solstice? a. 7 days b. 14 days c. 28 days d. 40 days e. 60 days
28 days
According to Miller (1997), how many primary Navajo constellations are there? a. 8 b. 2 c. 15 d. 12
8
From the reading "American Indian beliefs about the eclipse", according to the Diné people (Navajo) when a solar or lunar eclipse occurs what is believed to happen? a. A death occurs b. A birth occurs c. Twins are born d. Nothing e. A new year begins
A death occurs
According to Miller (1997), when the Creators made the months, what did they assign to each to announce its arrival? a. A bird b. A weather pattern c. A feather or headdress d. A seed basket e. An animal for hunting
A feather or headdress
According to the lecture notes, what stellar properties are plotted in the Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram? a. Mass vs Radius/Diameter b. Absolute Magnitude/Luminosity vs Spectral Type/Temperature c. Size vs Temperature/Spectral Type d. Color vs Distance from Earth e. Distance from Earth vs Spectral Type/Temperature
Absolute Magnitude/Luminosity vs Spectral Type/Temperature
According to "American Indian beliefs about the eclipse", the Navajo believe which acts of reverence must be carried out during an eclipse? a. Staying inside b. No eating or drinking c. No sleeping d. No looking outside e. All of the above
All of the above
According to Miller (1997), when are Navajo ceremonials held? a. On the winter solstice b. As needed c. On the summer solstice d. On the equinoxes
As needed
According to the reading by Tyler 1964, what do the corn maidens represent? a. Stars b. Basic Food Crops c. Constellations d. Meats e. Tribes
Basic Food Crops
According to the reading by Griffin-Pierce (1992), "Hooghan and the Stars," what did the first people emerging on to earth's surface have to do to bring order into the world? a. Place the stars b. Build the first hooghan c. Make the Sun d. Banish Coyote e. Cook a meal
Build the first hooghan
As discussed in the lecture slides, the Aurora Borealis (or northern lights) is a broad display of faint colorful light in the northern skies at night. What is the main cause of these lights? a. The changing tides create the lights in the polar regions of Earth. b. The Sun's electromagnetic energy in the x-ray wavelength band interacts with the cold polar air to cause the air to glow. c. The Coriolis effect leads to friction between particles in the atmosphere which produces light. d. Charged particles from the Solar Wind enter Earth's atmosphere along magnetic field lines and collide with atmospheric gases, causing them to glow
Charged particles from the Solar Wind enter Earth's atmosphere along magnetic field lines and collide with atmospheric gases, causing them to glow
Based on the reading by O'Bryan, which of the following characters did NOT play an important role in the Navajo account of the creation of the Sun? a. First Man b. First Woman c. Coyote d. Turquoise Boy e. Black Yei
Coyote
According to the reading by Smithson and Euler 1994, who accompanied Lion to the Sun's house? a. Coyote and the Squirrel brothers b. Badger and Coyote c. Squirrel Brothers and Elk d. Elk and Badger
Coyote and the Squirrel brothers
According Williamson 1987, what is the origin of Ma'ii Bizo' (Coyote star) in Navajo Legend? a. Coyote threw it randomly into the sky b. Coyote carefully placed it to the south c. Coyote was banished by Black God to the Heavens as a "star" d. Black God placed it out of Coyote's reach e. Black God forgot to return it to his pouch
Coyote carefully placed it to the south
According to Schulz 2005, which constellation is considered the most highly ordered constellation? a. Yikaisdaha b. Atse Etsoh c. Gah Hahat'ee d. Hastiin Sik'ai'ii e. Dilyehe
Dilyehe
According to Williamson 1987, the stars are made of crystal and the source of their shine is what? a. Each constellation has its own igniter star b. Reflected Moon light c. Coyote d. Each star is a hearth of a hogan e. Reflected Sunlight
Each constellation has its own igniter star
According to lecture powerpoint slides and the reading from western astronomy texts, which of the following describes the prevailing western scientific model of the origin of the moon? a. Creation in a "Big Bang" b. Co-accretion with Earth c. Moon was spun out of the proto-Earth by centrifugal force d. Early Collision between proto-Earth and a large object left behind a ring of material that coalesced into the Moon e. A sister planet was gravitationally captured into the Moon's orbit early in the history of the solar system
Early Collision between proto-Earth and a large object left behind a ring of material that coalesced into the Moon
According to the lecture slides, the Aboriginal peoples of Australia saw which animal in the dark cloud constellation of the Milky Way? a. Emu b. Dingo c. Kangaroo d. Wombat e. Koala
Emu
According to Zeilik (1985), what are the two purposes of Puebloan sun watching? a. Predict optimal times for war and establish the religious ceremonial calendar b. Establish the religious ceremonial calendar and set the times for specific crop plantings c. Determine the gender of unborn children and establish the optimal times for hunting d. Set the times for specific crop plantings and establish the optimal times for hunting
Establish the religious ceremonial calendar and set the times for specific crop plantings
Based on the reading by Maryboy and Begay 2010, which 2 features are seen in the photosphere? a. Sunspots and Solar Flares b. Granules and Sunspots c. Granules and Prominences d. Prominences and Solar Flares
Granules and Sunspots
According to the reading by Monroe and Williamson (1987), how did Black God demonstrate his power to the other gods of creation? a. He flung stars randomly into the heavens b. He stamped his foot 4 times until a small group of stars lodged along his temple c. He chased the seven sisters until they climbed Devil's Tower which grew in height and spirited them into the sky d. He set a star in the far south opposite the "North Fire"
He stamped his foot 4 times until a small group of stars lodged along his temple
7. Based on the reading by Maryboy and Begay 2010, the Sun's energy is generated from Hydrogen being fused into which element? a. Helium b. Iron c. Oxygen d. Carbon
Helium
According to the section on the Great Star Chant in "Navajo Heavens" by Griffin-Pierce 1992, the Star People and specific constellations can also be depicted in sandpaintings in which form? a. Animal b. Human c. Bird d. Water e. Weather
Human
According to Aveni (1997), the method of inserting extra days or months into the calendar is called what? a. Calendar Expansion b. Corrective Calendarization c. Intercalation d. Extracalation
Intercalation
According to the Lecture Slides, where in the sky should you look to see Canopus? a. It is the brightest star in Casseiopia b. Rising in the East one hour after Sirius c. As the upper left shoulder of Orion d. Just above the Southern Horizon when the meridian runs between Sirius and Betelgeuse e. Revolving around the North Star as one of the "pointer stars" in the Big Dipper
Just above the Southern Horizon when the meridian runs between Sirius and Betelgeuse
According to the lecture notes, the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram contains a line around which the stars present are still burning hydrogen in their cores. What is this line called? a. Main Sequence b. Horizontal Branch c. Red Giant branch d. White Dwarfs
Main Sequence
According to Williamson 1987, Black God reached into his pouch, drew out crystals, and carefully placed them in the sky. He started with which constellation and moved in which direction? a. Slender First One, Clockwise b. Man with Feet Ajar, Clockwise c. Rabbit Tracks, Counter-Clockwise d. Revolving Male, Clockwise e. Revolving Female, Counter-Clockwise
Man with Feet Ajar, Clockwise
Based the reading by O'Bryan 1929, Which tribe imagines the Sun created from a heated piece of turquoise? a. Hopi b. Zuni c. Hualapai d. Havasupai e. Navajo
Navajo
According to lecture powerpoint slides and the reading from western astronomy texts, what is the order in which lunar phases occur in time, starting with "New Moon?" a. New, Waxing Cresent, Full, Waxing Gibbous, Last Quarter, Waning Crescent, First Quarter, Waning Gibbous b. New, Waning Crescent, Last Quarter, Waning Gibbous, Full, Waxing Gibbous, First Quarter, Waxing Cresent c. New, Waxing Cresent, First Quarter, Waxing Gibbous, Last Quarter, Waning Gibbous, Full, Waning Cresent d. New, Waxing Cresent, First Quarter, Waxing Gibbous, Full, Waning Gibbous, Last Quarter, Waning Crescent e. New, Waning Cresent, First Quarter, Waning Gibbous, Full, Waxing Gibbous, Last Quarter, Waxing Crescent
New, Waxing Cresent, First Quarter, Waxing Gibbous, Full, Waning Gibbous, Last Quarter, Waning Crescent
According to the lecture notes, which Spectral Type represents the most massive stars? a. F b. O c. K d. M e. G
O
Based on the reading by Tyler 1964, the Sun Father had two sons, Paiyatemu and Pautiwa. What were their respective roles? a. Paiyatemu was humorous and gave rise to the clown societies; Pautiwa was more serious and gave rise to the Kachina societies. b. Paiyatemu was brave and gave rise to the Warrior clans; Pautiwa was wise and gave rise to medicine man societies. c. Pautiwa was humorous and gave rise to the clown societies; Paiyatemu was more serious and gave rise to the Kachina societies. d. Pautiwa was brave and gave rise to the Warrior clans; Paiyatemu was wise and gave rise to medicine man societies.
Paiyatemu was humorous and gave rise to the clown societies; Pautiwa was more serious and gave rise to the Kachina societies.
According to Monroe and Williamson (1987), the seven stars of Dilyehe are the Hard Flint Boys, who are doing what? a. Running from a bear across the night sky. b. Playing a game of dodge and shoot as they pass through the night sky. c. Learning the stories of their culture. d. Dancing in a religious ceremony.
Playing a game of dodge and shoot as they pass through the night sky.
According to the lecture powerpoint slides, what color does the moon appear during a total lunar eclipse? a. White b. Red c. Blue d. Green e. Purple
Red
As discussed in the lecture slides, which of the following is a traditional Inuit explanation for the Aurora? a. Refraction of Sunlight above the North Pole b. Solar Wind particles slamming into the upper atmosphere c. Spirits playing football with a walrus skull d. A mountain sheep that got stuck on a high mountain and was turned into the aurora
Spirits playing football with a walrus skull
According to Williamson 1987, the traditional Navajo have a different relationship with the sky than their Pueblo neighbors. What did the Navajo depend on most heavily to regulate their calendar? a. Moon b. Sun c. Stars d. Planets e. Animals
Stars
5. Based on the reading by Smithson and Euler 1994, where did the Sun live according to the Havasupai? a. Grand Canyon North Rim b. Havasu Canyon c. San Francisco Peaks d. Sunset Crater e. Oak Creek Canyon
Sunset Crater
According to Monroe and Williamson (1987), upon entering a hogan the appropriate way to enter is by walking in which direction? a. Sunwise, to the North b. Sunwise, to the South c. Moonwise, to the West d. Moonwise, to the North
Sunwise, to the South
According to Miller (1997), the Mescalero Apache believe that the Milky Way/Scattered Stars remind them what? a. That it is important to get along with one another, lest they contribute to disharmony in the world. b. That it is important to know the time to plant crops, lest they have no harvest. c. That it is important to care for their elders, lest they forget the lessons of the past. d. That it is important to hunt deer, lest they go hungry
That it is important to get along with one another, lest they contribute to disharmony in the world.
As discussed in the lecture powerpoint, which of the following is the best explanation for Earth's seasons? a. Earth's distance from the Sun changes as it moves through its orbit. Summer occurs when Earth is closer, Winter when it is most distant b. The Earth's axis is tilted compared to its orbital axis and the hemispheres alternately point toward and away from the Sun in the course of its orbit c. The Sun alternately gets hotter and cooler during the course of a year d. Global Circulation of warm and cool currents have an annual cycle
The Earth's axis is tilted compared to its orbital axis and the hemispheres alternately point toward and away from the Sun in the course of its orbit
According to the lecture powerpoint slides, which of the following is true of the Moon's path against the background sky of fixed stars throughout its cycle of phases? a. The Moon follows the Ecliptic exactly b. The Moon follows the Celestial Equator exactly c. The Moon follows near to but not on the Ecliptic d. The Moon follows near to but not exactly on the Celestial Equator e. The Moon circles through the constellations near the North Celestial Pole
The Moon follows near to but not on the Ecliptic
The chapter by Tyler 1984 discusses the "duality" of the year in Pueblo calendars. To what does the "Battle of the Seasons" refer? a. The battle between spring and fall b. The battle between winter and summer c. The battle between winter and spring d. The battle between fall and winter e. The battle between the equinoxes
The battle between winter and summer
Close inspection of the Moon in the night sky reveals dark patches and lighter regions. Which of the following is the best explanation according to the reading from western astronomy texts? a. The dark patches are high cratered regions called "lunar highlands" and the light areas are low smooth areas called "lunar maria." b. The light patches are high cratered regions called "lunar highlands" and the dark areas are low smooth areas called "lunar maria." c. The dark patches are high smooth regions called "lunar highlands" and the light areas are low cratered areas called "lunar maria." d. The light patches are high smooth regions called "lunar highlands" and the dark areas are low cratered areas called "lunar maria."
The light patches are high cratered regions called "lunar highlands" and the dark areas are low smooth areas called "lunar maria."
According to "Navajo Heavens" by Griffin-Pierce 1992, within a sacred sandpainting several time periods are collapsed into a single moment. Which is NOT one of those time periods? a. The present moment, that of the actual ceremony b. The first time the ceremony was given on earth by the Holy People c. The moment in which the commemorated episode occurred in the accompanying chantway myth d. The moments marked by the occurrence of mythic events that lie outside the narrative of the specific ceremonial being performed. e. The next time the ceremony will be given on earth
The next time the ceremony will be given on earth
Based on the reading by Maryboy and Begay 2010, which best describes the cycle of sunspot activity? a. The number of spots is constant with random bouts of activity b. The number of spots increases to a maximum and the declines to a minimum over a time period of 11 years c. There are no spots most of them time, but they reappear for a brief period every 22 years d. The spots are usually absent, but suddenly appear during the onset of a magnetic storm
The number of spots increases to a maximum and the declines to a minimum over a time period of 11 years
According to the lecture slides, Gah Hahat'ee is a Navajo constellation associated with which modern constellation? a. The belt of Orion b. The tail of Scorpius c. The Horns of Taurus d. The Handle of the big Dipper e. The trapezoid of Corvus
The tail of Scorpius
According to Miller (1997), in Navajo ceremonials, what is the more important aspect of the constellations? a. Their healing power b. Their exact size c. Their exact position d. Their exact configuration
Their healing power
According to Williamson 1987, why are comets or shooting stars seldom used in ceremonies of healing? a. They were understood to be abnormal and acting contrary to the ordered laws of nature b. Their spirits were collaborating with known sicknesses c. They were known to be ineffective against most maladies d. They are working with Coyote to increase chaos in the world e. They are too infrequent to be reliable
They were understood to be abnormal and acting contrary to the ordered laws of nature
According to the reading by Tyler 1964, what is the purpose of the Hopi "Soyal" ceremony? a. To honor the Kachinas as they return from their winter abode b. To honor the Sun and turn him back at Summer Solstice c. To honor the Sun and turn him back at Winter Solstice d. To honor the Kachinas as they leave Hopi to return to their winter abode e. To ask the kachinas for a prosperous harvest at the planting of bean seeds.
To honor the Sun and turn him back at Winter Solstice
According to the reading by Monroe and Williamson (1987), what does Black God say is the reason for star patterns or "constellations"? a. To provide Navajo deities with a resting place in the sky b. To function as a clock at night-time c. None - they are random patterns d. To provide Humans on Earth with rules to live by e. To function as a calendar
To provide Humans on Earth with rules to live by
According to the lecture powerpoint slides, tidal forces from the Moon causes the ocean to bulge in which directions? a. Towards and away from the Moon b. Towards the Moon only c. Away from the Moon only d. 90 degrees away from the direction of the Moon
Towards and away from the Moon
According to the Maryboy and Begay 2010 reading on the moon, which is true of Navajo traditions about the Moon? a. The moon enshrines male energy in relation to the female energy of the Sun. b. Usually depicted as a perfect white shell disc, carried by the Moon Carrier as he rides his horse across the sky. c. Usually depicted as a perfect turquoise disk, carried by the Moon Carrier as he rides his horse across the sky. d. The Moon is said to live on top of Sunset Crater. e. The Moon presides over Death.
Usually depicted as a perfect white shell disc, carried by the Moon Carrier as he rides his horse across the sky.
According to the reading from Tyler 1964, the Hopi believe that the Sun has which two powers? a. War and Famine b. War and Fertility c. Fertility and Prosperity d. Prosperity and War
War and Fertility
According to Miller (1997), the Navajo used the Rabbit Tracks constellation to determine when to hunt. When was it permissible to hunt again? a. When the constellation appeared vertically after twilight. b. When the constellation rose in the pre-dawn hours. c. When the constellation moved into a more horizontal position after twilight. d. When the constellation set in the pre-dawn hours.
When the constellation moved into a more horizontal position after twilight.
According to the lecture notes, what is the end-product of post-main-sequence evolution for stars like our Sun? a. Neutron Star b. Black Hole c. White Dwarf d. Brown Dwarf e. Red Dwarf
White Dwarf
According to the reading by Tyler 1964, from which day is the Zuni ceremonial calendar for the following year calculated? a. Summer Solstice b. Vernal Equinox c. Winter Solstice d. Autumnal Equinox
Winter Solstice
According to the article by Zeilik 1985, from what location are sunwatching observations typically made? a. Anywhere b. The highest elevation point visible from the Pueblo c. Within or close to the Pueblo d. A distant mesa e. From a kiva with a special opening for sunlight
Within or close to the Pueblo
According to the Lecture Slides, what is the Navajo name for the Milky Way? a. Nahookos Bika b. Atse Etsoh c. Gah Hahat'ee d. Yikaisdaha e. Hastiin Sik'ai'ii
Yikaisdaha
According to the reading by Tyler 1964, Which tribe believed the Sun was not created by always existed? a. Hopi b. Zuni c. Hualapai d. Havasupai e. Navajo
Zuni
According to the Big Stars section in "Navajo Heavens" by Griffin-Pierce 1992, when stars are the main theme of the painting, how are they depicted? a. Lozenge-shaped or square-bodied b. Circular c. Four or eight pointed d. a & c e. b & c
a & c
According to Tyler (1984), which of the following is true of the Hopi calendar? a. It divides the year into unequal parts b. Roughly divides the year into winter and summer c. Gives May and November the same names d. a and b e. b and c
a and b
According to Figure 2.6 in the chapter by Aveni (1997), how do sunrise positions on the horizon change with seasons in the northern hemisphere? a. They rise from a due east position (azimuth angle 90 degrees) at equinox b. They rise from a position south of east (azimuth greater than 90 degrees) at summer solstice c. They rise from a position north of east (azimuth less than 90 degrees) at summer solstice d. a and b e. a and c
a and c
According to Figure 2.5 in the chapter by Aveni (1997), how does the Sun's daily path change with the seasons in the far Northern Hemisphere? a. In summer, the Sun reaches a higher position at solar noon. b. In winter, the Sun reaches a higher position at solar noon. c. In summer, the Sun reaches a lower position at solar noon. d. In winter, the Sun reaches a lower position at solar noon. e. a and d f. b and c
a and d
According to the chapter by Aveni (1997), what is the job of a Zuni Pekwin? a. Follow the zenith position of the sun with a "gnomen" as it changes throughout the year. b. Follow the horizon position of sunrise as it moves throughout the year from a sun watching station. c. Keep a calendar on the wall of his house d. a and b e. b and c
b and c
According to the reading by Monroe and Williamson (1987), what was Coyote's contribution to the stars in the night sky? a. He strategically placed stars in constellations to provide teaching to humans b. He randomly scattered stars everywhere c. He place a single star far to the South d. a and b e. b and c
b and c
As discussed in the lecture powerpoint slides, which effect(s) cause the temperature to drop in northern hemisphere winter? a. The Earth is farther from the Sun b. Nights are longer c. The Sun is lower in the sky d. a and b e. b and c
b and c
According to the lecture powerpoint slides and the western astronomy texts, if the Moon is in full phase setting in the west, approximately what time is it? a. dawn b. noon c. sunset d. midnight e. Not enough information
dawn
