ASTR1010 Chapter 5

Rank the types of radiation in order of their energy, from least to greatest.

(Least energy) Radio waves, infrared, red visible light, blue visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays

Rank each color of the rainbow by how much energy is carried by its electromagnetic waves, from highest to lowest.

(Most energy) Violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, red (least energy)

A photon with a wavelength of 500 nm loses enough energy to change the photon's frequency to 5.00 × 1014 Hz. What is the color of the new photon?

600 nm Yellow

Blueshifting

Approaching

Redshifting

Departing

The average distance of Mars from the Sun is 1.4 AU. How bright is the Sun on Mars compared with its brightness on Earth? a. about 2 times fainter b. 1.4 times brighter c. about 2 times brighter d. 1.4 times fainter

a. about 2 times fainter

As wavelength increases, the energy of a photon __________ and its frequency __________. a. decreases; decreases b. increases; decreases c. decreases; increases d. increases; increases

a. decreases; decreases

Star A and star B appear equally bright in the sky. Star A is twice as far away from Earth as star B. How do the luminosities of stars A and B compare? a. star A is 4 times as luminous as star B b. star A is 2 times as luminous as star B c. star B is 2 times as luminous as star A d. star B is 4 times as luminous as star A

a. star A is 4 times as luminous as star B

When less energy radiates from a planet, its __________ increases until a new __________ is achieved. a. temperature; equilibrium b. size; temperature c. equilibrium; size d. temperature; size

a. temperature; equilibrium

If the Sun instantaneously stopped giving off light, what would happen on Earth? a. Earth would immediately get dark b. Earth would get dark 8 minutes later c. Earth would get dark 27 minutes later d. Earth would get dark 1 hour later

b. Earth would get dark 8 minutes later

Why is an iron atom a different element from a sodium atom? a. a sodium atom has fewer neutrons in its nucleus b. an iron atom has more protons in its nucleus c. a sodium atom is bigger d. a sodium atom has more electrons

b. an iron atom has more protons in its nucleus

The temperature of an object has a very specific meaning as it relates to the object's atoms. A high temperature means that the atoms a. are very large b. are moving very fast c. are moving all together d. have a lot of energy

b. are moving very fast

As a blackbody becomes hotter, it also becomes __________ and __________. a. more luminous; redder b. more luminous; bluer c. less luminous; redder d. less luminous; bluer

b. more luminous; bluer

When an electron moves from a higher energy level in an atom to a lower energy level, a. a continuous spectrum is emitted b. a photon is emitted c. a photon is absorbed d. a redshifted spectrum is emitted

c. a photon is absorbed

In Figure 5.15, the red photons come from the transition from E3 to E2. These photons will have the wavelengths because they have the energy compared to the other photons. a. shortest; least b. shortest; most c. longest; least d. longest; most

c. longest; least

If a planet is in thermal equilibrium, a. no energy is leaving the planet b. no energy is arriving on the planet c. the amount of energy leaving equals the amount of energy arriving d. the temperature is very low

c. the amount of energy leaving equals the amount of energy arriving

How does the speed of light in a medium compare to the speed in a vacuum? a. the speed is the same in both, as the speed of light is a constant b. the speed in the medium is always faster than the speed in a vacuum c. the speed in the medium is always slower than the speed in a vacuum d. the speed in the medium may be faster or slower depending on the medium

c. the speed in the medium is always slower than the speed in a vacuum

What is the surface temperature of a star that has a peak wavelength of 290 nm? a. 1,000 K b. 2,000 K c. 5,000 K d. 10,000 K e. 100,000 K

d. 10,000 K

Which of the following factors does not directly influence the temperature of a planet? a. luminosity of the Sun b. distance from the planet to the Sun c. albedo of the planet d. size of the planet

d. size of the planet

When a boat moves through the water, the waves in front of the boat bunch up, while the waves behind the boat spread out. This is an example of a. the Bohr model b. the wave nature of light c. emission and absorption d. the Doppler effect

d. the Doppler effect

Two stars are of equal luminosity. Star A is 3 times as far from you as star B. Star A appears ______ star B. a. 9 times brighter than b. 3 times brighter than c. the same brightness as d. 1/3 as bright as e. 1/9 as bright as

e. 1/9 as bright as

High frequency

high energy, short wavelengths

Low frequency

low energy, long wavelengths