AT 2356 Ch. 22-27 (Final Exam)

Which of the following is (are) sign(s) of cervical neck fracture?

All of the following: Cervical pain, Neck point tenderness, Cervical muscle spasm

Which of the following is NOT a test for glenohumeral instability?

Allen Test

An athlete who has a bleeding fractured tooth should be managed in the following way:

Continue to play and see the dentist after the competition

Which of the following muscles is not a part of the rotator cuff?

Deltoid

The motions of the elbow joint are (Ulna/Humerus Junction):

Flexion and extension

A protrusion of the abdominal viscera through a portion of the abdominal wall is called a(n):

Hernia

Solid Organs

Kidnesys, liver, spleen, pancreas, adrenal glands

Hollow Organs

Stomach, intestines, gallbladder, bladder

Scaphoid fracture

a break in the scaphoid bone in the thumb that compresses bone between radius and second row of carpal bones

Scoliosis

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Hill Sachs Lesion

caused by compression of cancellous bone against anterior glenoid rim creating a divot in the humeral head

around the umbilicus

intra-adbominal bleeding

Bankart Lesion

permanent anterior defect of labrum

Contusions to the distal end of the clavice is called __________.

shoulder pointers

Circulatory Test

taken at the axillary artery, brachial artery, and the radial artery

Hypertronic cardiomyopathy

thickening of cardiac muscle w/ no increase in chamber size

Elbow carrying angle in females is ___-___ degrees and males ___-___ degrees

10-15; 5-10

Elbow allows ____ degrees of flexion and _____ degrees of supination and pronation

145; 90

Kyphosis (hunchback)

An excessive curvature in the thoracic portion of the vertebral column.

The ligament that stabilizes and encircles the head of the radius is the:

Annular ligament

The outer periphery of the intervertebral disk composed of strong fibrous tissue is called the:

Annulus fibrosus

The most common shoulder direction for the shoulder to displace is in the _______________ direction.

Anterior

Abdominal rigidity and pain at McBurney's point may indicate:

Appendicitis

Most serious cervical injuries in football result from purposeful:

Axial loading as a result of spearing

A deformity caused by a the extensor tendon slipping to the anterior middle phalanx and is still attached on the distal phalanx is called:

Boutonniere deformity

Fractures of the Elbow

Cause of Injury Fall on flexed elbow or from a direct blow Fracture can occur in any one or more bones Fall on outstretched hand often fractures humerus above condyles or between condyles

Dislocation of the Elbow

Caused by fall on outstretched hand w/ elbow extended or severe twist while flexed Bones can be displaced backward, forward, or laterally Distinguishable from fracture because lateral and medial epicondyles are normally aligned w/ shaft of humerus

Which of the following portions of the spine have a convex curve anteriorly?

Cervical, lumbar

A wrist fracture resulting from the radius and ulna being forced backward and upward (hyperextension), is called a:

Colles' fracture

A direct blow to the anterolateral aspect of the thorax, or a sudden twist, or falling on the ball, can compress the rib cage and can result most often in a:

Costochondral separation

Which of the following eye injuries is painless and results in the athlete seeing floating specks, flashes of light, "falling curtain" and having blurred vision?

Detached retina

Medial/Lateral Epicodylitis Tests (Elbow)

Elbow flexed to 45 degrees w/ wrist flexion looking for pain in lateral/medial epicondyle

Lordosis (swayback)

Excessive curvature in the lumbar portion of the vertebral column

Which of the following symptoms are not indicative of a serious eye injury?

Excessive watering of the eye

Which of the following tendons is involved with mallet finger?

Extensor Digitorum

A Colles' fracture is a fracture of the proximal end of the radius.

False

Gamekeeper's thumb involves forceful adduction of the proximal phalanx causing a sprain of the ulnar collateral ligament.

False

Valgus stress testing of the elbow stresses the radial collateral ligament of the elbow

False

The rotator cuff muscle most commonly injured is the infraspinatus.

False -- its the supraspinatus

Sciatica is a general term that describes all lower back pain, without reference to exact causes.

False -- sciatica is a severe pain that radiates along the sciatic nerve from the lower back to the buttocks and leg.

Dislocation of Lunate Bone

Forceful hyperextension or fall on outstretched hand; commonly dislocated bone in the wrist

If an athlete comes off the field supporting his/her injured arm, with their head tilted towards the injured shoulder and their chin turned towards the opposite side. Which injury have they likely sustained?

Fractured Clavicle

A sprain of the ulnar collateral ligament of the MCP joint of the thumb caused by forceful abduction of the proximal phalanx is called:

Gamekeeper's thumb

The scapula fossa that articulates with the humerus is deepened by an additional structure called the:

Glenoid labrum

The condition in which an athlete takes a violent blow or compression to the chest, without any accompanying rib fracture, and presents with severe pain during breathing, coughing up of blood, and shock is known as:

Hemothorax

Pain that radiates to the left shoulder and 1/3rd of the way down the left arm is displaying:

Kehr's sign for a ruptured spleen

The solid organs, which are contained in the abdominal viscera, consist of the:

Kidneys, spleen, liver, adrenal glands, and pancreas

If resistance is applied to an athlete's extended wrist with the elbow flexed at a 45-degree angle, the athletic trainer is testing for:

Lateral Epicondylitis

Winging of only one scapula indicates an injury to what nerve?

Long thoracic

Which of the following postures results from an increased curve in the lumbar spine?

Lordosis

Which bone in the wrist is most commonly dislocated?

Lunate

Which of the following conditions predisposes an athlete to injuries of the spleen?

Mononucleosis

Hamate Fracture

Occurs as a result of a fall or more commonly from contact while athlete is holding an implement

Which of the following is used to visually examine the tympanic membrane?

Otoscope

McBurney's point

Pain in lower right abdomen with appendicitis

Kehr's Sign

Pain that radiates to the left shoulder and down the left arm; results from a spleen injury or rupture.

A condition in which the pleural cavity becomes filled with air that has entered through an opening in the chest is called:

Pneumothorax

When testing for balance, if an athlete is unable to keep eyes closed and is unable to maintain balance is considered to have a:

Positive Romberg's sign

An athlete who starts to exhibit symptoms of giddiness, attention difficulties, anxiety, and headaches hours or days after a collision may be considered to have:

Postconcussion syndrome

Most elbow dislocations result from falling on an outstretched hand and result in the ulna and radius dislocating ___________

Posteriorly

The motion(s) that occur at the proximal radioulnar joint?

Pronation and supination

Medial Epicondylitis (Golfers Elbow)

Repeated forceful flexion of wrist and extreme valgus torque of elbow

Lateral epicondylitis results from:

Repetitive extension of the wrist

Severe point tenderness in the anatomical "snuffbox" may indicate a fracture of which bone?

Scaphoid

Which of the following can occur if an athlete who has sustained a previous concussion, is returned to play prior to resolution of symptoms, and receives another head injury?

Second-impact syndrome

What are contusions to the distal end of the clavicle called?

Shoulder pointers

The organ that serves as a reservoir of red blood cells and a destroyer of ineffective red cells is the:

Spleen

Sports movements that characteristically hyperextend the lumbar spine are likely to cause:

Spondylolysis

Valgus/Varus and Glide Stress Tests

Tests used to assess ligamentous integrity of joints in hands and fingers Valgus and varus tests are used to test collateral ligaments Anterior and posterior glides are used to assess the joint capsule

Which of the following should not be done when managing a bleeding nose?

Tilt the head back to decrease bleeding

A blow to the end of the finger that avulses the extensor tendon from its insertion is called a mallet finger.

True

A compression fracture of the lumbar vertebrae may occur as a result of violent hyperflexion of the trunk.

True

A wrist sprain is the most common wrist injury.

True

An abnormal periodic sound that occurs in the auscultation of the heart is called a murmur.

True

An acromioclavicular sprain is most often induced by a direct blow to the tip of the shoulder, pushing the acromion process downward.

True

In second-impact syndrome, the athlete may receive a minor blow to the head, appear stunned, and then collapse in as little as 15 seconds.

True

Most direct causes of anterior glenohumeral dislocations are situations in which the arm is forced into abduction and externally rotated.

True

Restoring normal range of motion is crucial early in elbow rehabilitation.

True

Strains to the elbow are usually caused by hyperextension forces.

True

Two commonly used cognitive tests are serial 7's and naming the months in reverse order.

True

If an athlete complains of burning and tingling or paresthesia to the fourth and fifth fingers, what structure may be damaged? Hint: Positive Tinel's Sign would be present.

Ulnar nerve

Marfan's Syndrome

abnormality in connective tissue results in weakening of aorta and cardiac vessels

___________ dilocations are the most common dislocations resulting from an anterior force on the shoulder, forced abduction/external rotation

anterior

Valgus/Varus Stress Test (Elbow)

assess medial and lateral collatreal ligaments and look for gapping or complaint of pain

Cyanosis

bluish discoloration of the skin; respiratroy difficulty

Clavicle Fractures

caused by fall on outstretched arm; occur primarily in middle third

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

compression of the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist

SLAP lesion

defect in superior labrum that begins posteriorly and extends anteriorly impacting attachment of long head of biceps on labrum

Spondylolysis

degeneration of the vertebrae due to congenital weakness

Metacarpal Fracture (Boxer's Fracture)

direct axial force or compressive force; fractures of the 5th metacarpal are associated w/ boxing

Ac Joint Sprain

direct blow (from any direction), upward force from humerus; can be graded 1-6

SC Joint Sprain

direct/indirect blow to humerus or twist of a posterior extended arm

Solid Organs sound ________

dull

Piano Key Test

for AC joint and SC joint instability

Spondylolithesis

forward slipping of one vertebra over another

When one has a back injury the first thing that should be evaluated and ruled out is ___.

fracture

Colles Fracture

fracture of the distal radius at the wrist; lower end of radius or ulna

"Lubbdupp"

heart sound/ murmur

Vomiting bright red blood and frothy means _______________.

injury to esophagus and stomach although blood may be swallowed from mouth and nose

Bright red blood means ______.

lung injury

Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)

repetitive microtrauma to insertion of extensor muscles of lateral epicondyle; tendinosis w/ degeneration of tendon w/o inflammation

Slipping of one vertebrae above or below another is known as__

spondylolisthesis

Flanks

swelling outside the abdomen

Hollow organs sound _______

tympanic or resonant

Tinel's Sign

"pins and needles" sensation felt when an injured nerve site is tapped

Forearm Fractures

-Common in youth due to falls and direct blows -Ulna and radius generally fracture individually (Colles Fracture)