AT 2356 Ch. 22-27 (Final Exam)
Which of the following is (are) sign(s) of cervical neck fracture?
All of the following: Cervical pain, Neck point tenderness, Cervical muscle spasm
Which of the following is NOT a test for glenohumeral instability?
Allen Test
An athlete who has a bleeding fractured tooth should be managed in the following way:
Continue to play and see the dentist after the competition
Which of the following muscles is not a part of the rotator cuff?
Deltoid
The motions of the elbow joint are (Ulna/Humerus Junction):
Flexion and extension
A protrusion of the abdominal viscera through a portion of the abdominal wall is called a(n):
Hernia
Solid Organs
Kidnesys, liver, spleen, pancreas, adrenal glands
Hollow Organs
Stomach, intestines, gallbladder, bladder
Scaphoid fracture
a break in the scaphoid bone in the thumb that compresses bone between radius and second row of carpal bones
Scoliosis
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
Hill Sachs Lesion
caused by compression of cancellous bone against anterior glenoid rim creating a divot in the humeral head
around the umbilicus
intra-adbominal bleeding
Bankart Lesion
permanent anterior defect of labrum
Contusions to the distal end of the clavice is called __________.
shoulder pointers
Circulatory Test
taken at the axillary artery, brachial artery, and the radial artery
Hypertronic cardiomyopathy
thickening of cardiac muscle w/ no increase in chamber size
Elbow carrying angle in females is ___-___ degrees and males ___-___ degrees
10-15; 5-10
Elbow allows ____ degrees of flexion and _____ degrees of supination and pronation
145; 90
Kyphosis (hunchback)
An excessive curvature in the thoracic portion of the vertebral column.
The ligament that stabilizes and encircles the head of the radius is the:
Annular ligament
The outer periphery of the intervertebral disk composed of strong fibrous tissue is called the:
Annulus fibrosus
The most common shoulder direction for the shoulder to displace is in the _______________ direction.
Anterior
Abdominal rigidity and pain at McBurney's point may indicate:
Appendicitis
Most serious cervical injuries in football result from purposeful:
Axial loading as a result of spearing
A deformity caused by a the extensor tendon slipping to the anterior middle phalanx and is still attached on the distal phalanx is called:
Boutonniere deformity
Fractures of the Elbow
Cause of Injury Fall on flexed elbow or from a direct blow Fracture can occur in any one or more bones Fall on outstretched hand often fractures humerus above condyles or between condyles
Dislocation of the Elbow
Caused by fall on outstretched hand w/ elbow extended or severe twist while flexed Bones can be displaced backward, forward, or laterally Distinguishable from fracture because lateral and medial epicondyles are normally aligned w/ shaft of humerus
Which of the following portions of the spine have a convex curve anteriorly?
Cervical, lumbar
A wrist fracture resulting from the radius and ulna being forced backward and upward (hyperextension), is called a:
Colles' fracture
A direct blow to the anterolateral aspect of the thorax, or a sudden twist, or falling on the ball, can compress the rib cage and can result most often in a:
Costochondral separation
Which of the following eye injuries is painless and results in the athlete seeing floating specks, flashes of light, "falling curtain" and having blurred vision?
Detached retina
Medial/Lateral Epicodylitis Tests (Elbow)
Elbow flexed to 45 degrees w/ wrist flexion looking for pain in lateral/medial epicondyle
Lordosis (swayback)
Excessive curvature in the lumbar portion of the vertebral column
Which of the following symptoms are not indicative of a serious eye injury?
Excessive watering of the eye
Which of the following tendons is involved with mallet finger?
Extensor Digitorum
A Colles' fracture is a fracture of the proximal end of the radius.
False
Gamekeeper's thumb involves forceful adduction of the proximal phalanx causing a sprain of the ulnar collateral ligament.
False
Valgus stress testing of the elbow stresses the radial collateral ligament of the elbow
False
The rotator cuff muscle most commonly injured is the infraspinatus.
False -- its the supraspinatus
Sciatica is a general term that describes all lower back pain, without reference to exact causes.
False -- sciatica is a severe pain that radiates along the sciatic nerve from the lower back to the buttocks and leg.
Dislocation of Lunate Bone
Forceful hyperextension or fall on outstretched hand; commonly dislocated bone in the wrist
If an athlete comes off the field supporting his/her injured arm, with their head tilted towards the injured shoulder and their chin turned towards the opposite side. Which injury have they likely sustained?
Fractured Clavicle
A sprain of the ulnar collateral ligament of the MCP joint of the thumb caused by forceful abduction of the proximal phalanx is called:
Gamekeeper's thumb
The scapula fossa that articulates with the humerus is deepened by an additional structure called the:
Glenoid labrum
The condition in which an athlete takes a violent blow or compression to the chest, without any accompanying rib fracture, and presents with severe pain during breathing, coughing up of blood, and shock is known as:
Hemothorax
Pain that radiates to the left shoulder and 1/3rd of the way down the left arm is displaying:
Kehr's sign for a ruptured spleen
The solid organs, which are contained in the abdominal viscera, consist of the:
Kidneys, spleen, liver, adrenal glands, and pancreas
If resistance is applied to an athlete's extended wrist with the elbow flexed at a 45-degree angle, the athletic trainer is testing for:
Lateral Epicondylitis
Winging of only one scapula indicates an injury to what nerve?
Long thoracic
Which of the following postures results from an increased curve in the lumbar spine?
Lordosis
Which bone in the wrist is most commonly dislocated?
Lunate
Which of the following conditions predisposes an athlete to injuries of the spleen?
Mononucleosis
Hamate Fracture
Occurs as a result of a fall or more commonly from contact while athlete is holding an implement
Which of the following is used to visually examine the tympanic membrane?
Otoscope
McBurney's point
Pain in lower right abdomen with appendicitis
Kehr's Sign
Pain that radiates to the left shoulder and down the left arm; results from a spleen injury or rupture.
A condition in which the pleural cavity becomes filled with air that has entered through an opening in the chest is called:
Pneumothorax
When testing for balance, if an athlete is unable to keep eyes closed and is unable to maintain balance is considered to have a:
Positive Romberg's sign
An athlete who starts to exhibit symptoms of giddiness, attention difficulties, anxiety, and headaches hours or days after a collision may be considered to have:
Postconcussion syndrome
Most elbow dislocations result from falling on an outstretched hand and result in the ulna and radius dislocating ___________
Posteriorly
The motion(s) that occur at the proximal radioulnar joint?
Pronation and supination
Medial Epicondylitis (Golfers Elbow)
Repeated forceful flexion of wrist and extreme valgus torque of elbow
Lateral epicondylitis results from:
Repetitive extension of the wrist
Severe point tenderness in the anatomical "snuffbox" may indicate a fracture of which bone?
Scaphoid
Which of the following can occur if an athlete who has sustained a previous concussion, is returned to play prior to resolution of symptoms, and receives another head injury?
Second-impact syndrome
What are contusions to the distal end of the clavicle called?
Shoulder pointers
The organ that serves as a reservoir of red blood cells and a destroyer of ineffective red cells is the:
Spleen
Sports movements that characteristically hyperextend the lumbar spine are likely to cause:
Spondylolysis
Valgus/Varus and Glide Stress Tests
Tests used to assess ligamentous integrity of joints in hands and fingers Valgus and varus tests are used to test collateral ligaments Anterior and posterior glides are used to assess the joint capsule
Which of the following should not be done when managing a bleeding nose?
Tilt the head back to decrease bleeding
A blow to the end of the finger that avulses the extensor tendon from its insertion is called a mallet finger.
True
A compression fracture of the lumbar vertebrae may occur as a result of violent hyperflexion of the trunk.
True
A wrist sprain is the most common wrist injury.
True
An abnormal periodic sound that occurs in the auscultation of the heart is called a murmur.
True
An acromioclavicular sprain is most often induced by a direct blow to the tip of the shoulder, pushing the acromion process downward.
True
In second-impact syndrome, the athlete may receive a minor blow to the head, appear stunned, and then collapse in as little as 15 seconds.
True
Most direct causes of anterior glenohumeral dislocations are situations in which the arm is forced into abduction and externally rotated.
True
Restoring normal range of motion is crucial early in elbow rehabilitation.
True
Strains to the elbow are usually caused by hyperextension forces.
True
Two commonly used cognitive tests are serial 7's and naming the months in reverse order.
True
If an athlete complains of burning and tingling or paresthesia to the fourth and fifth fingers, what structure may be damaged? Hint: Positive Tinel's Sign would be present.
Ulnar nerve
Marfan's Syndrome
abnormality in connective tissue results in weakening of aorta and cardiac vessels
___________ dilocations are the most common dislocations resulting from an anterior force on the shoulder, forced abduction/external rotation
anterior
Valgus/Varus Stress Test (Elbow)
assess medial and lateral collatreal ligaments and look for gapping or complaint of pain
Cyanosis
bluish discoloration of the skin; respiratroy difficulty
Clavicle Fractures
caused by fall on outstretched arm; occur primarily in middle third
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
compression of the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist
SLAP lesion
defect in superior labrum that begins posteriorly and extends anteriorly impacting attachment of long head of biceps on labrum
Spondylolysis
degeneration of the vertebrae due to congenital weakness
Metacarpal Fracture (Boxer's Fracture)
direct axial force or compressive force; fractures of the 5th metacarpal are associated w/ boxing
Ac Joint Sprain
direct blow (from any direction), upward force from humerus; can be graded 1-6
SC Joint Sprain
direct/indirect blow to humerus or twist of a posterior extended arm
Solid Organs sound ________
dull
Piano Key Test
for AC joint and SC joint instability
Spondylolithesis
forward slipping of one vertebra over another
When one has a back injury the first thing that should be evaluated and ruled out is ___.
fracture
Colles Fracture
fracture of the distal radius at the wrist; lower end of radius or ulna
"Lubbdupp"
heart sound/ murmur
Vomiting bright red blood and frothy means _______________.
injury to esophagus and stomach although blood may be swallowed from mouth and nose
Bright red blood means ______.
lung injury
Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)
repetitive microtrauma to insertion of extensor muscles of lateral epicondyle; tendinosis w/ degeneration of tendon w/o inflammation
Slipping of one vertebrae above or below another is known as__
spondylolisthesis
Flanks
swelling outside the abdomen
Hollow organs sound _______
tympanic or resonant
Tinel's Sign
"pins and needles" sensation felt when an injured nerve site is tapped
Forearm Fractures
-Common in youth due to falls and direct blows -Ulna and radius generally fracture individually (Colles Fracture)