AT Mountains, Volcanoes, and Mountain Ranges

Krakatoa

A caldera located in the Sunda Strait between Java and Sumatra. The caldera was formed from the remains of a volcano which erupted in 1883. At least 36,417 deaths are attributed to this eruption and its accompanying tsunamis.

Great Escarpment

A landform that rims southern Africa from Angola to South Africa, consisting of steep cliffs from the elevated central plateau in Southern Africa towards the coasts.

Mount Sinai

A mountain peak in the southern Sinai Peninsula of Egypt. It is believed to be the location where Moses received the Ten Commandments.

Ural Mountains

A mountain range extending from the Arctic Ocean to the Caspian Sea, separating Siberia from western Russia. Often considered the eastern boundary of Europe. It's highest peak is Mount Narodnaya, and it also contains Mount Karpinsky

Kunlun Mountains

A mountain range in China that forms the northern border of the Tibetan plateau.

Carpathian Mountains

A mountain range in central Europe, primarily in Romania, just north of the Danube River. The mountains surround the Pannonian Basin, as well as the region of Transylvania, in a semicircle. It's highest peak is Gerlachovský štít, or Gerlach. It's highest section are the Tatras Mountains in between Poland and Slovakia.

Rocky Mountains

A mountain range that extends about 3,000 miles from northern British Columbia to northern New Mexico. It's thirty highest peaks are located in Colorado, including its tallest, Mount Elbert, and Pike's Peak.

Appalachian Mountains

A very old, eroded mountain range in eastern North America. Although definitions vary, it is generally agreed to stretch from the island of Newfoundland in Canada to central Alabama. It is composed of many sub-ranges, including the Blue Ridge and Piedmont Mountains. It's highest peak is Mount Mitchell in North Carolina.

Mount Pinatubo

Active stratovolcano in the Zambales Mountains, on the western side of the Philippine island of Luzon. It is best known for its 1991 eruption, the second largest terrestrial eruption of the 21st century and injected the most particulate in the stratosphere since the 1883 Krakatoa eruption.

Mount Vesuvius

Active volcano located in the Campania region of Italy, on the Gulf of Naples, about 5.6 miles east of Naples. The volcano is best known for its 79 CE eruption which notably destroyed the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum.

Aneto

At 11,168 feet it is the highest mountain in the Pyrenees. It is located in the Spanish region of Aragon just south of the French border. The Garrone River in France is one of the bodies of water connected to Aneto's watershed.

Mount Fuji

At 12,388 feet, this volcano is the highest mountain in Japan. It is located just southwest of Tokyo in the island of Honshu. It is recognized as a UNESCO cultural site.

Mount Toubkal

At 13,671 feet, it is the highest mountain in the Atlas Mountains and in Morocco. It is located just south of the Moroccan city of Marrakesh.

Mauna Kea

At 13,803 feet, this dormant volcano it is the tallest mountain in Hawaii. When measured from the underwater base, it is the tallest mountain in the world at 33,500 feet in height.

Mount Elbert

At 14,440 feet, it is the highest peak in Colorado and in the entire Rocky Mountains. It is located in the Sawatch sub range of the Rockies in central Colorado.

Mount Whitney

At 14,505 feet, it is the highest mountain in California, the Sierra Nevada, and the contiguous United States. The west slope is Sequoia National Park, while the east slope is the Inyo National Forest. It was formerly known as Fisherman's Peak.

Vinson Massif

At 16,050 feet, it is the tallest mountain in Antarctica, making it one of the seven summits. It is located within the Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains, near the base of the Antarctic Peninsula.

Puncak Jaya

At 16,204 feet, this summit located in the island of New Guinea is the largest mountain in Indonesia. This summit is technically a part of Mount Jayawijaya/Mount Carstensz. It is sometimes considered one of the Seven Summits.

Mount Kenya

At 17,057 feet, it is the second-highest mountain in Africa and the highest in Kenya. It is formed from an extinct stratovolcano. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Tana River, the largest river in Kenya, passes through Mount Kenya.

Popocateptl

At 17,802 feet, this active volcano is the second highest mountain in Mexico. It's name means "Smoking Mountain" in Nahuatl.

Pico de Orizaba

At 18,491 feet, this dormant volcano is the tallest mountain in Mexico and third highest mountain in North America. It is located in the Sierra Madre Occidental range on the border of the Mexican states of Veracruz and Puebla. It is also called the Citlaltepetl.

Mount Elbrus

At 18,510 feet, it is usually considered the tallest mountain in Europe, as well as Russia. It has two main summits, both of which are dormant volcanic domes.

Mount Kilimanjaro

At 19,341 feet, this dormant volcano located in Tanzania is the highest mountain in Africa. It is also the highest mountain not part of a mountain range in the world.

Mount Logan

At 19,551 feet, it is the highest mountain in Canada, and the second highest in North America. It is located within Kluane National Park Reserve in southwestern Yukon. Due to active tectonic uplifting, the mountain is still rising in height.

Ojos del Salado

At 22,615 feet, it is the highest mountain in Chile, second highest in the Americas, and the highest active volcano in the world. It is located on the Argentina-Chile border near the Atacama desert. A crater lake on the mountain is believed to be the highest lake in the world. It's name translates to "Eyes of the Salty One."

Aconcagua

At 22,837 feet, it is the highest mountain in Argentina, the Andes Mountains, and in the Americas. It is one of the Seven Summits. The mountain was sacred to the Incan people.

Mount Everest

At 29,029 feet above sea level, it is the highest mountain above sea level in the world. It is located in the Himalayas on the border between China and Nepal. It's first official ascent was made by Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay in 1953.

Mount Narodnaya

At 6,214 feet, it is the highest peak in the Ural Mountains. The Naroda River runs southeast from the summit into the Ob River, and the Kos'yu River runs northwest from the summit into the Pechora River.

Mount Mitchell

At 6,684 feet, it is the highest peak in North Carolina and the Appalachian Mountains. Located in the Black Mountain sub range of the Appalachians and surrounded by the Pisgah National Forest.

Gerlachovský štít

At 8,709 feet, it is the highest mountain in Slovakia and the Carpathian Mountains. At one point during Stalin's reign it was named Stalinov. It is sometimes informally referred to as Gerlach.

Mount Olympus

At 9,570 feet, it is the highest mountain in Greece. It is located just southwest of the city of Thessaloniki in mainland Greece. It is mythologically linked as the home of the Greek gods.

Mount Kosciuszko

Australians highest mountain at 7,310 feet. It is named for Polish-Lithuanian freedom fighter Tadeusz Kosciuszko. It is sometimes considered one of the Seven Summits.

Drakensberg Mountains

Eastern portion of the Great Escarpment which is the highest section. It's highest peak is Thabana Ntlenyana in Lesotho, the highest mountain in Africa south of Mount Kilimanjaro. It also contains Mafadi, the highest peak in South Africa.

Table Mountain

Flat-topped mountain in South Africa. Overlooks the city of Cape Town. The mountain and it's cableway to the top are a popular tourist destination.

Denali

Formerly known as Mount McKinley, this mountain is the tallest in the United States and in North America, at an elevation of 20,310 feet. The name Denali comes from a Koyukon word meaning "high" or "tall." The mountain was first officially ascended by a group of four climbers in 1913.

Mount Chimborazo

Inactive stratovolcano located in central Ecuador. Located in the Andes Mountains, its peak is the furthest point from Earth's center due to Earth's equatorial bulge.

Taal Volcano

Large caldera located on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. It is filled by Taal Lake, which itself contains Volcano Island. Up until a 2020 eruption which evaporated it, Volcano Island contained its own crater lake, which itself contained an island called Vulcan Point.

Pike's Peak

Located in central Colorado in the Rocky Mountains. It has an altitude of 14,115 feet. It is named for Zebulon Pike, an American explorer of the Louisiana Purchase during Thomas Jefferson's presidency.

MacGillycuddy's Reeks

Located in the Iveragh peninsula in southwest Ireland, it is the highest mountain range in Ireland. Near the center is Ireland's tallest mountain, Carrauntoohil.

Mount Stanley/Mount Ngaliema

Located in the Rwenzori Mountains on the border of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda. 16,762 feet, it is the third tallest mountain in Africa, and the tallest in both Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It's more common name is in honor of explorer and journalist Sir Henry Morton Stanley.

Hindu Kush

Located west of the Himalayas, it runs through Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, and Tajikistan, separating the Amu River Valley and the Indus River Valley.

Mount Etna

Massive active stratovolcano located in Sicily, Italy, between the cities of Catania and Messina. In Greek mythology, Typhon was trapped under this mountain by Zeus and Hephaestus' forge is under this mountain. The slopes of the mountain also have many vineyards and orchards. It is considered a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Ben Nevis

Mountain in the Grampian Mountains in Scotland. At 4,413 feet, it is the highest mountain in Scotland, the UK, and the British Isles.

Matterhorn

Mountain in the alps located on the border of France and Switzerland. It is a nearly symmetrical four-sided pyramid. It was first ascended by a party led by Edward Whymper, and has since become a popular climbing destination.

Mont Blanc

Mountain located in the Alps on the border of France and Italy. At 15,774 feet is it the highest mountain in the Alps, France, and Italy. It is considered second or sometimes even first highest in Europe. It's name means "White Mountain."

Aoraki/Mount Cook

Mountain located on the South Island of New Zealand. At 12,218 feet, it is the highest mountain in New Zealand.

Mount of Olives

Mountain located to the east of Jerusalem's Old City, named for olive groves that once covered it. It is a significant Jewish cemetery and Christian pilgrimage site.

Monte Rosa

Mountain massif located in the Alps on the border of Italy and Switzerland. At 15,203 feet it is the second-highest mountain in the Alps. Although Rosa means pink in Italian, the name is a false cognate for a French regional dialect word rouése, meaning glacier.

Apennines

Mountain range extending the length of the Italian peninsula. It's highest point is Corno Grande, part of the Gran Sasso massif.

Mackenzie Mountains

Mountain range forming part of the border between Canada's Yukon territory and it's Northwest Territories. Named after Canada's second prime minister, Alexander Mackenzie.

Pyrenees Mountains

Mountain range forming the border between Spain and France. The small nation of Andorra is also located in these mountains. Aneto is the Pyrenees' highest mountain.

Great Dividing Range

Mountain range in Australia running from just off the Cape York peninsula along Australia's eastern coastline of Queensland and New South Wales, before turning west and ending in Victoria. It contains Mount Kosciusko, the tallest mountain on the Australian continent.

Atlas Mountains

Mountain range in Northern Africa separating a large portion of Africa's Pacific and Mediterranean coasts from the Sahara Desert. It's highest peak is Mount Toubkal.

Grampian Mountains

Mountain range in Scotland covering much of the Scottish Highlands. Contains Ben Nevis, the highest mountain in the British Isles.

Adirondack Mountains

Mountain range in northeastern New York. Although close, it is generally considered separate from the Appalachian Mountains. It's highest peak is Mount Marcy, the highest point in the state of New York.

Elburz Mountains

Mountain range in northern Iran stretching from Iran's border with Azerbaijan along the entirety of Iran's border with the Caspian Sea. Contains Mount Damavand, the highest mountain in Iran as well as the highest volcano on the Asian continent.

Alaskan Range

Mountain range in south-central Alaska. It contains Denali, the highest mountain in North America.

Cascades

Mountain range in southwestern British Columbia and the Pacific Northwest of the United States. It's highest peak is Mount Rainier, and it also contains Mount St. Helens. It is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire.

Tian Shan

Mountain range located at the border region of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and northwestern Chinese state of Xinjiang. It is located north of the Taklamakan desert and south of Lake Balkhash. It meets the Pamir Mountains in the southwest and the Altai Shan in the northeast.

Rwenzori Mountains

Mountain range located on the border between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda. It's highest peak is Mount Stanley. Contains a source of the Nile River, which means it is likely the Mountains of the Moon referenced by Ptolemy.

Tien Shan

Mountain range north of the Tarim Basin and northwest of the Taklamakan Desert. In the border region of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and the northwest Chinese region of Xinjiang.

Pennines

Mountain range often called the backbone of England. It separates the region of North West England from the regions of North East England and Yorkshire.

Barisan Mountains

Mountain range on the western side of the island of Sumatra. Most of the mountains are volcanoes with dense jungle covering, including 35 active volcanoes. It's highest peak is Mount Kerinci.

Sierra Nevada

Mountain range separating the Central Valley of California from the Great Basin. It's highest point is Mount Whitney, the tallest mountain in the contiguous United States. It also contains the Yosemite, Seqouia, and King's Canyon National Parks, as well as Lake Tahoe.

Taurus Mountains

Mountain range separating the Mediterranean coast from the central Anatolian Peninsula. It reaches the upper reaches of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in the east.

Caucasus Mountains

Mountain range stretching from the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea, often considered Europe's southeastern boundary. Contains Mount Elbrus, a volcano that is the tallest mountain in Europe.

Coast Mountains

Mountain range stretching through southwestern Yukon, most of the Alaskan panhandle, and most of the coast of British Columbia. It is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire.

Trans-Antarctic Mountains

Mountain range that divides eastern and western Antarctica. It was first sighted in 1841 by James Clark Ross at the Ross Ice Shelf. It's highest peak is Mount Kirkpatrick.

Pamir Mountains

Mountain range that is a junction for the Tian Shan, Karakoram, Kunlun, Hindu Kush, and Himalaya Mountain Ranges. It's highest point is Ismoil Somoni Peak, known previously as both Stalin Peak and Communism Peak.

Ozark Mountains

Mountains in southern Missouri, northern Arkansas, and eastern Oklahoma. St. Louis lies on the northern border of a pleateau in the Ozark region. It's highest point is Buffalo Lookout.

Zagros Mountains

Mountains running through southeast Turkey, northeast Iraq, and roughly Iran's coast with the Persian Gulf, ending at the Strait of Hormuz.

Altai Shan

Range running from the Siberian plains in the northwest to the Gobi Desert in the southeast. Runs through the border regions of Kazakhstan, Russia, Mongolia, and China. Contain the headwaters of the Irtysh and Ob rivers.

K2

Second highest mountain in the world, located in the Karakoram mountains for which it gets its name. It is located on the border between Pakistan and China. It's first official ascent was in 1954 by Achille Compagnoni and Lino Lacedelli.

Karakoram Mountains

Second highest mountain range in the world. It is located in northern Kashmir, roughly northwest of the Himalayas. Contains K2, the second highest mountain by altitude in the world

Allegheny Mountains

Sub-range of the Appalachians running from central Pennsylvania through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia to southeast Virginia. It forms the eastern terminus of much of the Allegheny Plateau.

Mount Katahdin

Tallest mountain in Maine at 5,269 feet. Part of the Appalachian Mountains. Named by the Penobscot, meaning "The Greatest Mountain."

Mount Ararat

Tallest mountain in Turkey located in its extreme east. This dormant volcano has been suggested as a possible resting place of the biblical Noah's Ark.

Mount Catherine

The highest mountain in Egypt at 8,625 feet, it is located in the southern Sinai Peninsula next to Mount Sinai.

Alps

The highest range located entirely within Europe. Stretches from the French city of Nice on the Mediterranean coast in the west to Trieste on the Adriatic Sea, and to Vienna at the start of the Pannonian Basin in the northeast. It's highest peak is Mont Blanc, and it also contains the Matterhorn.

Andes Mountains

The longest above-water mountain range in the world at 7,000 km long. It starts in Venezuela and runs parallel to the western coast of South America. It's highest peak is Mount Aconcagua. It also contains the Ojos del Salado, the highest active volcano in the world, and Mount Chimborazo, the furthest point from the Earth's center. It also contains Lake Titicaca, the highest navigable lake in the world.

Mid-Oceanic Ridge System

The longest mountain chain on earth at about 65,000 km long, it is a continuous submarine mountain chain that encircles the globe, separating various tectonic plates. The chain is often classified as various sub-chains, the most well-known of which is the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

Himalayas

The world's highest mountain range, separating the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. Contains Mount Everest, the highest mountain by altitude in the world.

Mount Kanchenjunga

Third highest mountain in the world located in the Himalayas on the border between India and Nepal. There is a tradition that climbers must not reach its summit in accordance with the wishes of the Chogyal monarch of Sikkim.

Sugarloaf Mountain

Third tallest mountain in Maine. The Appalachian Trail runs close to this mountain, and it is home to a namesake ski resort. Also the name of a mountain in Rio de Janeiro.

Mauna Loa

This active volcano is both the most massive and most voluminous surface volcano in the world.

Sierra Madre System

Three mountain ranges in Mexico that surround the central Mexican Plateau. It consists of the Occidental to the west, the Oriental to the east, and the del Sur to the south.

Eastern and Western Ghats

Two mountain chains running along the east and west coast of India respectively, with the Deccan Plateau wedged in between.