AT Test #2

What do plain film ex-rays use?

electromagnetic radiation that is absorbed to different extents by various body tissues

A volleyball player fell on the knee and felt an intense pain on the pain on the anterior aspect of the knee joint. Pain is palpable on both sides of the patella tendon, but not directly on the tendon. The individual reports extreme pain with forced knee extension. What condition should be suspected?

fat pad contusion

What are MRI's for?

for soft tissues, ligaments, tendons

PET scans?

glucose based radionuclides are absorbed by areas of abnormal metabolic activity

A Q-angle of ______ has been linked to increased patellar injuries.

greater then 18 degrees

A runner reports with lateral leg pain that is point tender over the femoral condyle about 2 to 3 cm above the lateral joint line. Evaluation indices a positive Ober's test. What structure could be involved with this injury?

iliotibial band (IT)

An excessive Q-angle predisposes an individual to what conduction?

patella injuries

What is one condition is more often found in women than men?

patellofemoral stress syndrome

The bursa most commonly injured by compressive forces at the knee is the ____.

pretibial bursa

The pes anserine is the common attachment of the sartorius, gracilis, and ____.

semitendinosus

Tracking of the patella against the femur is dependent on

the direction of the net force produced by the attached quadriceps

A middle aged woman playing in a recreational softball league get hit in the thigh by a line drive. Three days later, her skin is red hot, and she reports tenderness over the varicose veins around the trauma site. Her lower extremity appears swollen compares to the unaffected leg. The athletic trainer's assessment indicates a positive Homan's sign. Based on this information, what conduction should the AT suspect?

thrombophlebitis

The screwing home mechanism occurs when the ________________________________.

tibia rotates laterally on the femur during the last degrees of knee extension.

Why a CT scan?

to look at organs, bones, soft tissues, and blood vessels

What does a radionuclide bone scan do?

used to identify stress fractures, bone infections, bone cancer, arthritis

What is an MRI?

uses electromagnets to align hydrogen atoms in cells and allows the viewing of soft tissues

Atrophy of the _______ is nearly always evident in patella femoral dysfunction.

vastus medialis oblique

What muscle is primarily responsible for resisting lateral displacement of the patella?

vastus medialis oblique

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

Inflammation of the apophysis at the point where the patella tendon inserts into the tibial tuberosity on the anterior tibia

Patella tendonitis

Inflammation of the patella tendon

What structure is associated with jumpers knee?

Infrapatellar tendon

What de?scribes stage 3 chondromalacia patellae

It involves fibrillation of the cartilage, causing a "crabmeat" appearance.

What condition should be considered a medical emergency?

Knee dislocation

What structure resists valgus rotational forces at the knee?

Medial collateral ligament

A traction-type injury to the tibial apophysis where the patellar tendon attaches onto the tibial tuberosity is called____.

Osgood-Schlatter disease

What is a condition that typically develops during pre-adolescence?

Osgood-Schlatter disease

Patellofemoral pain syndrome

Pain in the patellaofemoral joint

Chondromalacia Patella

Softening and breaking down of the articular cartilage of the knee cap

Changing direction during deceleration is a common mechanism of injury for the

ACL

Legg Calve'Perthes Disease

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head occurs in 4-8 years old males

What is a CT scan?

Combines many x-ray images to generate cross sectional views

hip abductor muscles

Tenson Fascia latae , gluteus (maximus, medius, minims)

What is a radionuclide bone scan?

an IV of radioactive substance is injected and is attracted ti areas of increased metabolic activity

IT band Syndrome

an inflammatory condition that occurs at the point where the IT band crosses the lateral femoral epicondyle

The Q-angle is the

angle between the line of quadriceps force and the patellar tendon

What are CT for?

bones

What appress white in an x-ray?

dense areas because it absorbs the x-rays