ATI Hypovolemia

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Neuro-musculoskeletal findings

Dizziness, syncope, confusion, weakness and fatigue.

Vital Sign Findings

Hyperthermia, tachycardia, thready pulse, hypotension, orthostatic hypotension, decreased CVP, tachypneic, hypoxia. Tachycardia occurs in an attempt to maintain a normal BP.

Causes of Dehydration

Hyperventilation, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Enteral feeding without sufficient water intake.

Hypovolemia can lead to?

Hypovolemic shock.

Lab tests for hypovolemia

In hypovolemia your hematocrit will be increased.

Renal findings

Oliguria

Lab tests for dehydration

Serum Sodium: dehydration equals increased hemoconcentration.

Lab tests for dehydration

Serum osmolarity: Dehydration equals increased hemoconcentration (osmolarity) which is greater then 300, increased protein, BUN, electrolytes and glucose.

hypovolemia causes

Third spacing which includes peritonitis, intestinal obstruction, ascites and burns.

GI findings.

Thirst, dry furrowed tongue, nausea/vomiting, anorexia, acute weight loss

Care of Patient

Urinalysis, oxygen saturation, CBC and electrolytes. Oxygen as prescribed. Monitor Vital signs and heart rhythm, auscultate lung sounds, initiate and maintain intravenous access

Lab tests for dehydration

Urine specific gravity and osmolarity: Dehydration equals increased concentration

Causes of hypovolemia

abnormal GI losses such as vomiting nasogastric suctioning, and diarrhea.

hypovolemia causes

abnormal renal losses such as diuretic therapies, diabetes insidious, renal diseases, adrenal insufficiency and osmotic diuresis.

Causes of hypovolemia

altered intake, such as NPO

Fluid volume deficits include hypovolemia which is isotonic an dis the loss of water and electrolytes from the ECF

and dehydration which is osmolar which means loss of water with no loss of electrolytes.

Hypovolemia causes

diaphoresis

Other findings include

diminished capillary refill, cool clammy skin, diaphoresis, sunken eyeballs, flattened neck veins, poor skin turgor and tenting.

hypovolemia causes

hemorrhage

Hemoconcentration occurs with dehydration

resulting in increased hematocrit, serum electrolytes and urine specific gravity.


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