Attachment in adulthood
main and goldwyn (1985)
Adult Attachment Interview maps onto the strange situation procudure
george and west
adult attachment projective
Fraley and Shaver (1999)
airport study - seperating/ not-seperating couples - questionnaire then observation
1991
bartholomew and horowitz
secure, dismissing, fearful, preoccupied
bartholomew and horowitz styles
experiences in close relationships scale
brennan et al
inter-personal correlates
care-giving, empathy, pro-social behaviour
avoidance
deactiviating regulation stlye; deactivating attachment behaviours, downplay/surpressing negative emotion
relationship-specific
parent-child relationships, peer relationships
2003
rowe and carnelley
hazan and shaver (1987)
secure, avoidant, anxious/ambivilant
bartholomew and horowitz (1991)
secure, dismissing, fearful, preocuppied
hesse (1999)
secure: coherent, values attachment, explores emotional responses; dismissing: of attachment experiances, no evidence for positive adjectives; preoccupied: with past relationships, excessively long descriptions
intra-personal correlates
self-esteem, mental health, coping, percieved social support, physical health, pain tolerance, emotion regulation
developmental approach
state of mind with regard to attachment to own parents in adulthood
socio-cognitive tradition
'style' in adult relationships - both in terms of cognitive schema and personality traits
rowe and carnelley (2003)
effects of primed attachment styles on recall of positive and negative words
brennan et al
experiances in close relationships scale - two dimensions of insecurity, avoidance of emotional intimacy, anixety about abandonment
hazan and shaver (1987)
newspaper most important love experiance quiz - love in attachment processes similar observable differences as strange situation e.g. secures (60%) happy, trusting; anxious: (20%) desire for reciprocation/union. avoidant: fear of intimacy
developmental tradition
observational, interviews, narrative methods, interested to reveal unconscious processes
hazan and shaver (1987)
first researchers to explain attachment theory in the context of adult romantic relationships, the same emotional bonds that form between adults are from the same attachment behavioural system between child and parents
developmental tradition
focuses on predictive powers of attachment style on subsequent relationships with children
1999
fraley and shaver
global/dispositional style
general model of self and others
1987
hazan and shaver
secure, avoidant, anxious/ambivalent
hazan and shaver's (1987) attachment styles
1999
hesse
anxiety
hyperactiviating regulation style; hyperactiviating attachment behaviours/ emphasising negative affect
rowe and carnelley (2003)
interpersonal expectations - primed secures: more positive, primed anxious: most negative
bartholomew and horowitz (1991)
interpretations of anxiety/avoidance dimensions in terms of Bowlby's idea about the internal work models of self and others, anxiety - model of self / avoidance - model of others
highly anxious men
less likely to maintain contact; more likely to engage in avoidance
highly avoidant individuals
less likely to seek or maintain proximity; less likely to provide care or support
1985
main and goldwyn
adult attachment interview
main and goldwyn (1985) created
developmental tradition
processes, correlated and consequences of attachment patterns to parents
socio-cognitive tradition
published in social/personality/ cognitive/ psychology journals
socio-cognitive tradition
questionnaires/experiments to reveal cognitive behaviors processes associated with styles (self reports, 1980s)
highly anxious women
reported more distress
main and goldwyn (1985) adult attachment interview
surprise the unconscious e.g. five words to describe relationship with parents growing up
development tradition
tends to publish in clinical / developmental, psychology / social work journals
schema
there are cognitive hierachies in schema
developmental tradition
uses narratives, intrinsic coding, lengthy training etc