Attraction Unit - Test Study Guide

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Signs that someone does not like you

-cut space off -turn away (more so for males) -women turn themselves off (close down) -looking downwards; not at you whatsoever

Signs that someone likes you

-fiddling with hair or collarbone area -winking -proximity (moving towards you consistently) -extended eye contact

Companionate (Triangular Theory of Love)

-intimacy & commitment -deep attachment that we feel to those who are intertwined in our lives

Consummate Love (Triangular Theory of Love)

-intimacy, passion, & commitment -rare; hard to maintain -the most ideal form of love -if passion is lost, can change to companionate

Fatuous Love (Triangular Theory of Love)

-passion & commitment -whirlwind courtship -hollywood-type love

Romantic Love (Triangular Theory of Love)

-passion & intimacy -doesn't last ex. Romeo & Juliet

Hill's 4 reasons for affiliation needs

-social comparison -positive stimulation -emotional support -attention

Balance (Newcomb)

like each other and agree on things

Imbalance (Newcomb)

like each other but disagree -someone needs to give in; make a consession

Need Compatibility

like exactly the same things

How is an affect created?

neutral stimuli + affect arousing stimuli -Rozin, Millman, Nemeroff

Physical Attractiveness

once proximity (propinquity) affords contact, the next most important thing in attraction is physical appearance -varies by culture, age, etc. -external appearance can be misleading

Repeated Exposure (Mere Exposure Effect)

repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases their attraction -Zajonc

3 Theories of Attraction

-Newcomb & Heider's Balance Theory -Infatuation/Companionate Theory -Sternburg's Triangular Theory of Love

Why do marriages break up?

-bored (apathy) -different interests -religious differences -different cultural backgrounds

Empty Love (Triangular Theory of Love)

-commitment -most interactions

Moreland & Beach Study

4 teachers visited a college classroom on different schedules -t1: 15 times; t2: 10 times; t3: 5 times; t4: 0 times -result: students like teacher 1 more because they saw her the most

Companionate Love

a deep, affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined

stereotype

a generalized belief about a group of people

Triangular Theory of Love

a relationship based on 1 vs. 2 or more values is less likely to last -based on 3 different scales: intimacy, commitment, & passion -Sternburg

Passionate Love

an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship -sometimes called infatuation

Infatuation

aroused state of the body -lust -lasts for up to 6 months in the beginning

Affect

feelings/mood towards something

Proximity

geographic nearness is a powerful predictor of friendship -propinquity

Newcomb & Heider's Balance Theory

goal to have balance in any relationship (not just sexual ones) -balance -imbalance -nonbalance

Need Complementarity

have some mutually reinforcing ideas

Infatuation/Companionate Theory

idea that you have someone who loves you no matter what

closing time effect

individuals begin to perceive the opposite gender as being more attractive as it gets later into the night -also when more intoxicated

Liking (Triangular Theory of Love)

intamacy

Affiliation Needs

interpersonal relationships and friendships -females have a stronger need than males

Infatuation (Triangular Theory of Love)

passion

Nonbalance (Newcomb)

people dislike each other so therefore, agreement isn't needed

Attraction

positive or negative evaluation of another person

Self-Disclosure

process of revealing private thoughts, attitudes, feelings, and one's history to others -you know that you have a true friend you can trust -reciprocity

Zajonc

proposed that repeated exposure can lead to a more positive evaluation of a stimulus -repeated exposure relieves anxiety feelings -new stimuli become familiar -found that cockroaches, when separated, always went back to their original group (colored the wings in order to tell)

Affect-Centered Model of Attraction

proposes that attractive is based on affective responses -Byrne & Pierce

Reciprocity

return in kind -reciprocal/mutual exchange

Over-Disclosure

self-disclosure that exceeds what is appropriate for a relationship or social situation -TMI

Affiliation

sense of want or belonging

Similarity

similar views among individuals causes the bond of attraction to strengthen

Consession

something given up or yielded

passion

strong feeling or emotion

Pennebaker Study

students asked patrons to rate people in the bar at the beginning, middle, and end of the night -results: attractiveness scale increased as the night progressed and the participants drank more -closing time effect

Attitude

tendency to evaluate people, objects, and ideas

intamacy

the ability to form close, loving relationships

commitment

to promise or pledge

Sternburg

triangular theory of love -intimacy -passion -commitment

Power of Fear

we affiliate the most during times of fear which helps us to alleviate -most people wanted to communicate about what was going on when in a fear-inducing situation -Schacter

Beauty and Goodness Stereotype

we attribute positive characteristics to highly attractive people

Matching Hypothesis

we prefer someone who is highly attractive, but we choose a partner who we perceive as equally attractive -Pennebaker Study -Beauty and Goodness Stereotype

Intensity of Affect

weakness or strength of the emotion

Cunningham Experiement

when shown photos, college kids found the symmetrical & mature faces most attractive

Feelings

when your in a good positive mood you will be attracted to others -when you are in a negative mood, you tend to push people away and close yourself off

Direction of Affect

whether the emotion is positive or negative -positive news increases positive affect but does not change the negative affect (and vise versa)


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