Autonomic Nervous System
Select all that describe the relationship between parasympathetic neurotransmitters and their receptors.
ACh binds to nicotinic receptors, ACh binds to cholinergic receptors, and ACh binds to muscarinic receptors
Which type of neurotransmitter is released by all preganglionic axons in the autonomic nervous system?
Acetylcholine
What correctly describes the relationship between sympathetic neurotransmitters and receptors?
NE binds to adrenergic receptors
Which are the primary neurotransmitters used in the autonomic nervous system?
acetylcholine and norepinephrine
The axons that release norepinephrine are called _________.
adrenergic
Involuntary activities of the body, such as changes in blood vessels diameter to adjust blood pressure, are under the control of the:
autonomic nervous system
Which are ways in which the parasympathetic and sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system are similar?
both divisions utilize a preganglionic and ganglionic neuron, both divisions contain the autonomic ganglia that house ganglionic neurons, and both divisions are under involuntary control
The centers for cardiac, digestive, and functions such as pupil size, are housed within the major brain region called the ________.
brainstem
Which events occur as a result of parasympathetic innervation from the pulmonary plexus to the bronchial tree?
bronchoconstriction and increased secretion of mucus
Axons that release acetylcholine are called:
cholinergic
Select all that describe the receptors present on all ganglionic neurons.
cholinergic and nicotinic
In blood vessels innervated by only sympathetic axons, increased sympathetic stimulation causes the vessels to ________ while decreased sympathetic stimulation causes the vessels to ________.
constrict, dilate
An organ receiving innervation from postganglionic axons from both divisions of the autonomic system has _________ innervation.
dual
Which of the following responses in visceral effectors with dual innervation occur as a result of sympathetic innervation?
increased heart rate, pupil dilation, and reduced motility of the gastrointestinal tract
Which statements describe the somatic motor nervous system?
it is under voluntary control, it uses one neuron in a signaling pathway, and the effector organs are the skeletal muscle fibers
Where do the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division originate in the CNS?
lateral horns of T1-L2
Select all that describe the receptor types present on the target cells of sympathetic ganglionic neurons
muscarinic and adrenergic
Which of the following occurs when axons from one preganglionic cell synapse on numerous ganglionic cells?
neuronal divergence
How many motor neurons are needed to stimulate skeletal muscle contraction in the somatic nervous system?
one
The subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system are the ________ division and ________ division.
parasympathetic / sympathetic
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is known as the "rest-and-digest" division and is responsible for conserving energy and replenishing nutrient stores?
parasympathetic division
Which structure associated with the autonomic nervous system has a cell body located within the brainstem or spinal cord?
preganglionic motor neuron
In response to a specific stimulus, autonomic reflex arcs can trigger the following responses:
secretion by glands, cardiac muscle contraction, and smooth muscle contraction
Which of the following are effectors of the autonomic nervous system?
smooth muscle cells, glands, and cardiac muscle cells
The ________ nervous system and ________ nervous system are the subdivisions of the motor nervous system that transmit all motor impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands throughout the body.
somatic / autonomic
The parasympathetic activities associated with defecation and urination are processed and controlled at the level of the ________ ________.
spinal cord
The division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the increased alertness and metabolic activity needed in stressful or frightening situations:
sympathetic
Which receptors would provide stimulus information to a somatic sensory neuron?
tactile receptors in the skin
Which statements describe the autonomic motor nervous system?
the effector organs are the cardiac muscle fibers, smooth muscle fibers and glads. It uses two neurons in a signaling pathway. It is under involuntary control.
How many motor neurons are needed to stimulate cardiac muscle contraction in the autonomic nervous system?
two
Which axons could be found within an autonomic plexus?
visceral sensory axons, sympathetic postganglionic axons, and parasympathetic preganglionic axons