Autonomic Nervous System

Select all that describe the relationship between parasympathetic neurotransmitters and their receptors.

ACh binds to nicotinic receptors, ACh binds to cholinergic receptors, and ACh binds to muscarinic receptors

Which type of neurotransmitter is released by all preganglionic axons in the autonomic nervous system?

Acetylcholine

What correctly describes the relationship between sympathetic neurotransmitters and receptors?

NE binds to adrenergic receptors

Which are the primary neurotransmitters used in the autonomic nervous system?

acetylcholine and norepinephrine

The axons that release norepinephrine are called _________.

adrenergic

Involuntary activities of the body, such as changes in blood vessels diameter to adjust blood pressure, are under the control of the:

autonomic nervous system

Which are ways in which the parasympathetic and sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system are similar?

both divisions utilize a preganglionic and ganglionic neuron, both divisions contain the autonomic ganglia that house ganglionic neurons, and both divisions are under involuntary control

The centers for cardiac, digestive, and functions such as pupil size, are housed within the major brain region called the ________.

brainstem

Which events occur as a result of parasympathetic innervation from the pulmonary plexus to the bronchial tree?

bronchoconstriction and increased secretion of mucus

Axons that release acetylcholine are called:

cholinergic

Select all that describe the receptors present on all ganglionic neurons.

cholinergic and nicotinic

In blood vessels innervated by only sympathetic axons, increased sympathetic stimulation causes the vessels to ________ while decreased sympathetic stimulation causes the vessels to ________.

constrict, dilate

An organ receiving innervation from postganglionic axons from both divisions of the autonomic system has _________ innervation.

dual

Which of the following responses in visceral effectors with dual innervation occur as a result of sympathetic innervation?

increased heart rate, pupil dilation, and reduced motility of the gastrointestinal tract

Which statements describe the somatic motor nervous system?

it is under voluntary control, it uses one neuron in a signaling pathway, and the effector organs are the skeletal muscle fibers

Where do the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division originate in the CNS?

lateral horns of T1-L2

Select all that describe the receptor types present on the target cells of sympathetic ganglionic neurons

muscarinic and adrenergic

Which of the following occurs when axons from one preganglionic cell synapse on numerous ganglionic cells?

neuronal divergence

How many motor neurons are needed to stimulate skeletal muscle contraction in the somatic nervous system?

one

The subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system are the ________ division and ________ division.

parasympathetic / sympathetic

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is known as the "rest-and-digest" division and is responsible for conserving energy and replenishing nutrient stores?

parasympathetic division

Which structure associated with the autonomic nervous system has a cell body located within the brainstem or spinal cord?

preganglionic motor neuron

In response to a specific stimulus, autonomic reflex arcs can trigger the following responses:

secretion by glands, cardiac muscle contraction, and smooth muscle contraction

Which of the following are effectors of the autonomic nervous system?

smooth muscle cells, glands, and cardiac muscle cells

The ________ nervous system and ________ nervous system are the subdivisions of the motor nervous system that transmit all motor impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands throughout the body.

somatic / autonomic

The parasympathetic activities associated with defecation and urination are processed and controlled at the level of the ________ ________.

spinal cord

The division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the increased alertness and metabolic activity needed in stressful or frightening situations:

sympathetic

Which receptors would provide stimulus information to a somatic sensory neuron?

tactile receptors in the skin

Which statements describe the autonomic motor nervous system?

the effector organs are the cardiac muscle fibers, smooth muscle fibers and glads. It uses two neurons in a signaling pathway. It is under involuntary control.

How many motor neurons are needed to stimulate cardiac muscle contraction in the autonomic nervous system?

two

Which axons could be found within an autonomic plexus?

visceral sensory axons, sympathetic postganglionic axons, and parasympathetic preganglionic axons