Autonomy

Introjected

( I would feel bad if I didn't do it , not because you want to

External Independence

, I pay for college on my own, because I have to, because my parent's can't afford to help me.

Definition of Independence

An individual's capacity to behave on his or her own

Development of Emotional Autonomy: Psychoanalytic Theory

Anna Freud -Physical changes of puberty disrupt family system -Resurgence of sexual impulses increase family tensions -Detachment: --Adolescents are driven to separate emotionally from parents --Conflict is normal part of detachment in adolescence

Indulgent Parenting

Benefits? Problematic outcomes? socially and emotionally mature responsible self-assured, more likely to conform to peers behavior school achievement and academic motivation autonomy development? Cultural changes

Cognitive Autonomy...

Changes in beliefs, opinions, and values Three trends in adolescents' beliefs: -more abstract -increasingly rooted in general principles -founded in the young person's own values

Development of Behavioral Autonomy

Changes in susceptibility to influence Conformity to peers is higher during early and middle adolescence -Parents are more influential regarding long-term issues, basic values -Peers' opinions are more influential for day-to-day matters (music tastes or clothing style)

Development of Emotional Autonomy: Measure emotional autonomy by examining extent to which teens:

De-idealize parents -See parents as people Depend on themselves, rather than on parents Feel individuated within the relationship with their parents

Cognitive Autonomy

Developing an independent set of beliefs and principles, resisting peer and parental pressures

3 Components of Autonomy ?

Emotional Behavioral Cognitive/Value (independent beliefs)

Ethnic and Cultural Differences in Expectations for Autonomy: African-American and Hispanic families

Emphasize obedience and respect for elders (Garcia Coll) -May be inappropriate to argue with or talk back to parents

Ethnic and Cultural Differences in Expectations for Autonomy differences?

Groups report different beliefs about parental authority & individual autonomy BUT No differences in amount of parent-adolescent conflict by group

Identified dependence:

I'm not financially dependnet, they pay for it, and it doesn't make you bad. Ichoose to have them hel me. External dependence: you don't want to, but they told you , that you must call them .

Behavioral Autonomy

Making independent decisions and following through on them

Ethnic and Cultural Differences in Expectations for Autonomy

Potential ethnic/cultural differences in parenting and autonomy For example: White adolescents and their parents have earlier expectations for adolescent autonomy than do Asian adolescents from the same countries

Development of Emotional Autonomy: Modern Theories: Individuation

Process of individuation begins during infancy Does not involve stress or turmoil Acceptance of responsibility for choices and actions

Definition Autonomy

Psychosocial domain concerning the development and expression of identity (being self-governing) -

Autonomy and Psychosocial Functioning

Van Petegem et al, 2012: Goal: How is Autonomy (indep+motive) related to Psychosocial Functioning (intimacy, problem behavior, etc)? Studied 707 Belgian HS students (ages 14-20, M=16.5; 51% girls

Emotional Autonomy

gaining emotional independence in relationships with/from others, especially parents