Autonomy
Introjected
( I would feel bad if I didn't do it , not because you want to
External Independence
, I pay for college on my own, because I have to, because my parent's can't afford to help me.
Definition of Independence
An individual's capacity to behave on his or her own
Development of Emotional Autonomy: Psychoanalytic Theory
Anna Freud -Physical changes of puberty disrupt family system -Resurgence of sexual impulses increase family tensions -Detachment: --Adolescents are driven to separate emotionally from parents --Conflict is normal part of detachment in adolescence
Indulgent Parenting
Benefits? Problematic outcomes? socially and emotionally mature responsible self-assured, more likely to conform to peers behavior school achievement and academic motivation autonomy development? Cultural changes
Cognitive Autonomy...
Changes in beliefs, opinions, and values Three trends in adolescents' beliefs: -more abstract -increasingly rooted in general principles -founded in the young person's own values
Development of Behavioral Autonomy
Changes in susceptibility to influence Conformity to peers is higher during early and middle adolescence -Parents are more influential regarding long-term issues, basic values -Peers' opinions are more influential for day-to-day matters (music tastes or clothing style)
Development of Emotional Autonomy: Measure emotional autonomy by examining extent to which teens:
De-idealize parents -See parents as people Depend on themselves, rather than on parents Feel individuated within the relationship with their parents
Cognitive Autonomy
Developing an independent set of beliefs and principles, resisting peer and parental pressures
3 Components of Autonomy ?
Emotional Behavioral Cognitive/Value (independent beliefs)
Ethnic and Cultural Differences in Expectations for Autonomy: African-American and Hispanic families
Emphasize obedience and respect for elders (Garcia Coll) -May be inappropriate to argue with or talk back to parents
Ethnic and Cultural Differences in Expectations for Autonomy differences?
Groups report different beliefs about parental authority & individual autonomy BUT No differences in amount of parent-adolescent conflict by group
Identified dependence:
I'm not financially dependnet, they pay for it, and it doesn't make you bad. Ichoose to have them hel me. External dependence: you don't want to, but they told you , that you must call them .
Behavioral Autonomy
Making independent decisions and following through on them
Ethnic and Cultural Differences in Expectations for Autonomy
Potential ethnic/cultural differences in parenting and autonomy For example: White adolescents and their parents have earlier expectations for adolescent autonomy than do Asian adolescents from the same countries
Development of Emotional Autonomy: Modern Theories: Individuation
Process of individuation begins during infancy Does not involve stress or turmoil Acceptance of responsibility for choices and actions
Definition Autonomy
Psychosocial domain concerning the development and expression of identity (being self-governing) -
Autonomy and Psychosocial Functioning
Van Petegem et al, 2012: Goal: How is Autonomy (indep+motive) related to Psychosocial Functioning (intimacy, problem behavior, etc)? Studied 707 Belgian HS students (ages 14-20, M=16.5; 51% girls
Emotional Autonomy
gaining emotional independence in relationships with/from others, especially parents