avit 325 block 3
What is the storm windows max speed?
129kts
how many spark plugs does the semi have
16 and 1 additional one for heater
what does the oil pressure get boosted to with the governor?
275 psi
what psi does the prop governor boost the oil pressure up to?
275psi
Explain the electrical system
28v- voltage of alternators dual fed- 2 alternators powering system spirit bus- 6 buses negative ground- grounded from negative terminal to the airframe dc system- direct current system (ac through a rectifier)
what is max landing weight for the semi?
3800
what is the max takeoff weight for semi?
3800
what is the max ramp weight for the piper seminole?
3816
How far does the trim tab travel on the stabilator?
4 degrees up 9 degrees down
what is the power equation?
MP+RPM= Power
what is an altitude engine?
a reciprocating engine having a rater takeoff power that is producible to an established higher altitude
what is the primary difference between a turbo and super charged engine?
a supercharged engine uses gears and/or belts driven by the engine to compress air into the engine
what does bernoullis principle state about accelerate area?
accelerated air causes a decrease in pressure which results in a lower temperature.
when flying high powered engines, when increasing power what do you do?
adjust props first
when decreasing power,
adjust throttle first
what does the pilot valve do?
adjusts up or down depending on fly-weight centrifigual force. movement either allows oil to enter prop hub or leave the hub. flyweight fall in, pilot valve moves down, flyweight fall out pilot valve moves up
what does the scupper drain do?
allows for overfill around the fuel cap to escape
what does the fuel vent do and how many are there?
anti-ice design and there are 2
what is the out of governing range
blue lever can only control rpm when rpm is above 1500 rpm
What is the skin of the fuselage attached to?
bulkheads stringers and formers
when can carb ice form?
can form with ambient temp up to 70oF is there is high enough humidity content. (80%)
what are some disadvantages of a carbureted system?
carb ice, less efficient, less precise
what does the governor do?
changes the prop pitch but also works to maintain a constant rpm setting.
what are the components of a governor?
control linkage, speeder spring, fly weights, pilot valve, oil pump
what do the blue do?
controls prop pitch and rpm
what does a propeller convert?
converts BHP produced by engine into THP
what happens with high pitch low rpm?
counter weights, spring force, nitrogen charge
what are the appropriate ways to control temperature
cowl flaps, power setting, airspeed, fuel mixture
what are t-tail at a higher risk of
deep stalls
what is the purpose of a baffle
deflects airflow to the back of the engine compartment. guides airflow to back of engine
what kind of alierons do the semis have and how far do they travel
differential frise ailerons and 23 degree up 17 degree down
How do the controls work?
direct linkage to control surface that consists of cables and pulleys
what is a turbocharger
dirven by high velocity exhaust gases that are passing through exhaust system. compresses induction air before it is mixed with fuel. has turbine and compressors.
what does a flow divider do?
divider disperses fuel into the cylinders
what is a supercharger
driven directly by the engine via gears and or belts, compresses the fuel/air mixture.
what are some advantages of a fuel injected system?
easier cold start, improved hp and economy, more efficient fuel distribution
what are some advantages of a carbureted system?
easier hot starts, simple system, cost effective
what fuel systems does the semi have
engine driven and auxiliary
what does a rapid prop with vibration mean?
failed plug
True/false: ignition system is dependent on a/c electrical system
false
what is the primary component inside the governor that manages prop rpm?
fly weights
what does a turbo/supercharger do?
force induction . forces air into the engine so the engine can maintain a higher mani pressure.
how does a carbureted system work?
fuel is introduced into the airflow in the venturi. fuel air mixture travels thru the system to the cylinders
what does a fuel injected system do?
fuel nozzles discharge into the cylinders. fuel and air is mixed inside the cylinder
what role do the magnetos play with the ignition system?
generates spark plugs to ignite the fuel/air mixture in the cylinders
what does feathering do and how long does it take?
gives us best performance due to reduced drag and 6 seconds
what kind of prop does the semi have?
hartzell, counter rotating constant speed variable pitch full feathering
where does carb heat come from?
heated air from the #4 cylinder exhaust shroud is routed to warm the carb
what do the counterweights do?
help bring prop to fx position if oil pressure and prop lever fails
What does the elevator down spring do?
helps prevent entering a deep stall. when the tnersion of the spring is greater than the force of airflow, it forces the stabilator to point down to lower the nose.
what is the main difference with turbo and supercharged engines?
higher altitude flying
what is a critical altitude
highest altitude that a turbocharged engine can produce its rater horsepower
what does it mean if there is no rpm drop
hot mag or failed mag
what are some benefit of flying at higher altitudes
increased margin of safety, staying above icing, avoid turbulence, winds aloft, improved tas.
decreasing rpm
increases MP
what does a winterization plate do
installed below 50oF and limits how cold an engine gets
what is a probe and where is it located
it acts as a mani pressure sensor located in the inboard and it is located on rear cylinder
what happens when the pilot valve moves upwards
it allows oil to leave the hub and return to the sump
what does synthetic oil do?
lasts longer and offers best protection
how do the ailerons work?
linkages and pulleys control the aileron deflection
what does a control linkage do
links the prop levers with the governor. adjusts the tension on the speeder spring.
what does oil do?
lubricate, cool, clean, seal, actuate
what does a turbonormalized do?
maintains the rate horsepower from sea level up to critical altitude and does not go beyond the rate max hp.
what does the throttle control?
mani pressure
what does a synchronizer do?
matches the rpms between engines. usually raisese the slightly lower rpm to try and not lose power.
what pitch is a feathered prop at
max pitch
what does the red do?
mixture
what does more oil pressure =?
more rpm
what does the anti-servo trim tab do?
moves in the same direction as the primary surface. the rudder travels 37 degree so the trim tab travels 26 degrees.
when adjusting the prop lever to decrease prop rpm, the primary effect that bring the props to a high pitch low rpm is?
nitrogen charge
what is the primary effect that brings props to a low pitch high rpm?
oil into hub
what happens with low pitch high rpm?
oil pressure, aerodynamic twisting
what are the 3 ways to cool an engine
oil, air, fuel
what does a smooth mag drop mean
overly rich fuel
what kind fuel system does the semi have
positive pressure feed fuel system
what happens to a normally aspirated engine when you go up in altitude
power is reduced
what do antifeathering pins do and when do they kick in?
prevent fx prop and 950 rpm
what does a low temp bypass valve do
prevents oil from passing through the oil cooler when engine is cool
what is the purpose of an unfeathering accumulator?
prevents wear and tear on starter
what does the fuel flow transducer do?
provides information to GDU
what does spring force do?
provides tension when more oil is in the system. all pilot valve moves up, spring forces oil out of hub.
what does the fuel servo regulator do?
regulates air/fuel ratio
what is a propeller?
rotating airfoil with 2 or more blades attached to a hub
what happens when we change aircraft pitch to up?
rpm decrease slightly fly weights fall inward due to reduced centrifugal force the pilot valve goes down allowing oil to flow from sump to the prop hub props are adjusted to a lower pitch high rpm setting fly weight centrifugal force increases until rpm reach 2500 rpm then centrifugal force equals the speeder spring force pilot valve closes
what happens when you increase airspeed in cruise flight?
rpm increase slightly flyweights fall outward due to increased centrifugal force pilot valve goes up to allow oil to flow out of ub to the sumo props are adjusted to high pitch low rpm flyweight centrifugal force decreases until rprm reach 2500 rpm and then force equals speeder spring force pilot valve closes
what does the speeder spring do?
sets the neutral position of the fly-weights. sets rpm.
what does a synchroscope do and do we have this?
shows which engine rpm is higher and yes
what does ashless dispersant do?
similar to mineral oil but collects debris
what do the fly weights do?
spin at the rate of the prop RPM. increases in prop rpm causes the fly weights to spin faster changing the centrifugal force. primary component that adjusts governor to maintain constant rpm .
what prevent the prop from feathering?
spring loaded latchs/pins. helps prevent feathering during shutdown.
what does an unfeathering accumulator do?
stores oil under high pressure by nitrogen charge of 90-100 psi
what parts does the empennage consist of?
tail, rudder, vertical stabilizer
what happens when you decrease the prop lever?
tension loosens on speeder spring flyweights fall outward due to greater centrifugal force overcoming the speeder spring tension pilot valve moves upward allowing oil to lave the hub and return the sump
what is manifold pressure?
the absolute pressure of the fuel-air mix inside the intake mani indicating the power being generate
what does a synchrophaser do?
the same thing as a synchronizer however it also adjusts props as to off-set prop passage over fuselage to reduce vibration and cabin noise.
What is a benefit of the T-tail configuration?
the stabilator is placed in undisturbed airflow. less interference drag.
what is mineral oil used for?
used for new engine break in. hard to see on dipstick
what are some disadvantages of fuel injected?
vapor lock, much more complex than carbuerated system
what is are fuel pump and how many are there?
we have 4 technically 5 and engine driven and auxiliary
what are the negative effects of hot engine
weakens and shortens the life of the engine/parts, impaired appropriate lubrication
