B-03 Part 2 - Define & Provide Examples of Respondent & Operant Conditioning

A stimulus presented contingent upon a behavior that increases the future probability of the behavior is

**a. a positive reinforcer** b. a negative reinforcer c. a reinforcer d. an unconditioned reinforcer

A stimulus or event that is reinforcing without having to be conditioned is

**a. a primary reinforcer** b. a secondary reinforcer c. an unconditioned stimulus

With negative reinforcement

**a. a stimulus is REMOVED AFTER a behavior and INCREASES the future probability of the behavior** b. a stimulus is PRESENTED AFTER a behavior and INCREASES the future probability of the behavior c. a stimulus is PRESENTED AFTER a behavior and DECREASES the future probability of the behavior d. a stimulus is REMOVED BEFORE a behavior and INCREASES the future probability of the behavior

In operant conditioning, stimulus control is a function of

**a. antecedent and consequent events** b. antecedent events only c. consequent events only

Primary reinforcers are

**a. not learned** b. conditioned c. always secondary reinforcers d. none of the above

Operant relations are represented as

a. MO-S-R b. MO-A-B **c. S-R-S** d. S-R

With positive reinforcement, a stimulus is

a. PRESENTED BEFORE a behavior and INCREASES the future probability of the behavior **b. PRESENTED AFTER a behavior and INCREASES the future probability of the behavior** c. PRESENTED AFTER a behavior and DECREASES the future probability of the behavior d. REMOVED AFTER a behavior and INCREASES the future probability of the behavior

For reinforcement to occur,

a. a behavior must produce a consequence b. there is an increase in the future probability of the behavior c. increases in behavior are due to the consequence it produces **d. all of the above**

In operant conditioning, there is

a. a correlation between a reinforcer and a consequence b. a correlation between two stimuli c. exclusive control by an antecedent stimulus **d. correlation between a behavior and a consequence**

Primary reinforcers are

a. always present at birth b. learned c. always edibles **d. none of the above**

Escape

a. occurs in a negative reinforcement procedure b. may be accompanied by avoidance of the setting in which the aversive often occurs c. increases the future probability of the behavior that precedes it **d. all of the above**

Escape

a. occurs in a positive reinforcement procedure **b. results in the termination of an aversive stimulus** c. results in avoidance of an aversive stimulus d. all of the above

Avoidance

a. results in the termination of an aversive stimulus **b. results in the aversive stimulus not being experienced** c. occurs in a positive reinforcement procedure d. all of the above

With negative reinforcment

a. the individual can only escape aversive stimulation b. the individual can only avoid aversive stimulation c. behavior decreases **d. the individual escapes or avoids aversive stimulus**

For reinforcement to occur

a. the reinforcer must be correlated with a particular discriminative stimulus **b. the consequence must increase the future probability of the behavior** c. the discriminative stimulus must immediately follow the reinforcer d. all of the above

Operant behaviors are defined

a. topographically and by their effects on behavior b. by predetermined topography and basic functions c. by the antecedent events that elicit them **d. functionally by their effects on behavior**