BAH Workbook quiz chapter 20
The two centers in the brain that are responsible for the neurologic control of ventilation are:
1. Apneustic center in the lower pons 2. The pneumotaxis center in the upper pons
The alveoli begin to lose elasticity at about age ____ years, resulting in decreased gas diffusion
50
A nurse understands that a safe but low level of oxygen saturation provides for adequate tissue saturation while allowing no reserve for situations that threaten ventilation. What is a safe but low oxygen saturation level for a patient?
95 mm Hg
The nurse is interviewing a patient who says he has a dry cough that is not "bringing anything up". What medication should the nurse question the patient about taking?
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
Four conditions that are influenced by genetic factors that affect respiratory function:
Asthma, COPD, cystic fibrosis, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
The nurse inspects the thorax of a patient with advanced emphysema. What does the nurse expect the chest configuration to be for this patient?
Barrel Chest
The nurse is performing an assessment of a patient who arrived in the ER with barbiturate overdose. The respirations are normal for 3 to 4 breaths followed by a 60-second period of apnea. How does the nurse document the respirations?
Biot's respirations
Alternating episodes of apnea and periods of deep breathing
Cheyne-stokes
What finding by the nurse may indicate that the patient has chronic hypoxia?
Clubbing of the fingers
The nurse is assessing a patient in respiratory failure. What finding is a late indicator of hypoxia?
Cyanosis
The nurse is caring for a patient with a pulmonary disorder. What observation by the nurse is indicative of a very late symptom of hypoxia?
Cyanosis
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide from the alveoli into the blood occurs by:
Diffusion
Function of the epiglottis
Flap of cartilage covering the larynx when swallowing
During a permission assessment, for what diagnosis would the nurse expect to find decreased tactile fremitus and hyperresonant percussion sounds?
Emphysema
The maximum volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation is known as the:
Expiratory reserve volume
A physician wants a study of diaphragmatic motion because of suspected pathology. What does the nurse anticipate that the physician will most likely order?
Fluoroscopy
A patient with sinus congestion complains of discomfort when the nurse is palpating the supraorbital ridges. The nurse knows that the patient is referring to which sinus?
Frontal
The pulmonary circulation is considered a:
High pressure, high resistance system
The divisions of the lung proceed in the following order, beginning at the mainstream bronchi:
Lobar bronchi, segmented bronchi, subsegmented bronchi, bronchioles
Four conditions that cause low compliance or distensibility of the lungs:
Morbid obesity, atelectasis, pulmonary fibrosis or edema, pleural effusion, ARDS
The left lung, in contrast to the right lung, has:
One less lobe
The nurse is performing an assessment for a patient with congestive heart failure. The nurse asks if the patient has difficulty breathing in any position other than upright. What is the nurse referring to?
Orthopnea
The nurse is reviewing the blood gas results for patient with pneumonia. What arterial blood gas measurement best reflects the adequacy of alveolar ventilation?
PaCO2
The symbol used to identify the partial pressure of oxygen is:
PaO2
Pressure exerted by each type of gas in a mixture of gases
Partial pressure
The lungs are enclosed in a serious membrane called the:
Pleura
A patient comes into the ER complaining of knife-like pain when taking a deep breath. What does this type of pain indicate?
Pleurisy
Gas exchange between the lungs and blood and between the blood and tissues is called:
Respiration
A nurse caring for a patient with a pulmonary embolism understands that a high ventilation-perfusion ratio may exist. What does this mean for the patient?
Ventilation exceeds perfusion
__________ are the alveolar cells that secrete surfactant.
Type II cells
Distinguish between the terms ventilation and respiration
Ventilation: Movement of air Respiration: Gas exchange
The nurse is performing chest auscultation for a patient with asthma. How does the nurse describe the high-pitched, sibilant, musical sounds that are heard?
Wheezes
Four common phenomena that can alter bronchial diameter:
strept, influenza, staph, moraxella
Tidal volume, which may not significantly change with disease, has a normal value of approx. _______ mL
1000 mL
The nurse is instructing a patient who is scheduled for a perfusion lung scan. What should be included in the information about the procedure? Select all that apply
a. A mask will be placed over the nose and mouth during the test b. The patient will be expected to lie under the camera c. The imaging time will amount to 20-40 minutes
When the nurse is assessing the older adult patient, what gerontologic changes in the respiratory system should the nurse be aware of? Select all that apply
a. Decreased gag reflex b. Increased presence of collagen in alveolar walls c. Decreased presence of mucus
The nurse is instructing the patient on the collection of sputum specimen. What should be included in the instructions? Select all that apply.
a. Initially, clear the nose and throat b. Take a few deep breaths before coughing c. Use diaphragmatic contractions to aid in the expulsion of sputum
The nurse auscultates crackles in a patient with a respiratory disorder. With what disorder would crackles be commonly heard?
Collapsed alveoli
The nurse is taking respiratory history for a patient who has come into the clinic with a chronic cough. What information should the nurse obtain from the patient? Select all that apply
a. Previous history of lung disease in patient or family b. Occupational and environmental influences c. Previous history of smoking
