Basic Nutrition Practice Quiz #1
A granola bar's Nutrition Facts panel says that it has 5 grams of fat, 19 grams of carbohydrate, and 7 grams of protein per bar. Approximately how many kilocalories are in this bar?
150 kilocalories •Five grams of fat × 9 kilocalories per gram of fat = 45 kilocalories from fat •19 grams of carbohydrate × 4 kilocalories per gram of carb = 76 kilocalories from carb •Seven grams of protein × 4 kilocalories per gram of protein = 28 kilocalories from protein •45 + 76 + 28 = 149, approximately 150 kilocalories per bar
After a particularly strenuous workout, Jaime purchases an electrolyte-replacement drink from his gym. He notices that for each 8-oz serving of the drink, there are 50 kilocalories. If the bottle is 32 oz, how many kilocalories are in this product?
200 kilocalories
A kilocalorie is a unit of the energy content of food. Which definition best describes how much energy is in one kilocalorie?
A kilocalorie is the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 liter of water by 1° Celsius.
Because of stress at work, Marija's stomach has been acting up. She saw a commercial for a yogurt with added probiotics that claims to aid with digestion and alleviate bowel problems. What is a probiotic?
A probiotic is a microorganism that colonizes the large intestine and thereby improves intestinal tract health.
Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)
Amount of energy required to achieve and maintain a healthy weight
As a healthier alternative to french fries, some fast food outlets offer pre-sliced, bagged apples as a side option. The ingredients list often reads, "Apples and Ascorbic Acid." Ascorbic acid is another name for vitamin C. What role does the ascorbic acid play in the product?
Ascorbic acid is an antioxidant that prevents discoloration when the apples are cut and exposed to oxygen.
Segmentation
Breaks apart contents of the small intestine into increasingly smaller pieces and mixes them wth digestive juices.
Nutrients absorbed in the small intestine are delivered to which circulatory systems?
Cardiovascular and Lymphatic
Nutrient Dense Foods
Contains lots of vitamins and minerals relative to the number of calories.
Daily Values (DVs) are based on these two sets of dietary standards
Daily Reference Values (DRV) and Reference Daily Intakes (RDI)
Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
Daily nutrient intake amounts that are estimated to meet the needs of half of the people in a certain life stage
The 3 general categories of nutritional status
Desirable nutrition, under nutrition, over nutrition
The set of scientifically based recommendations designed to promote health and reduce the risk for many chronic diseases through diet and physical activity is known as the
Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
Which of the following is true about dietary supplements for Americans?
Dietary supplements are useful if a person's food choices cause them to be low in a particular nutrient.
Heart disease has both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors that contribute to its development. Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for heart disease?
Family history and genetic predisposition for heart disease.
Freezing food is one way of preserving food. What does freezing do?
Freezing halts microbes' ability to multiply. As frozen food thaws, the bacteria and viruses resume their activities and can cause illness.
Examples of medium and high energy density foods
Ham, whole-wheat bread, pumpkin pie, and potato chips (high)
Many of the top ten leading causes of death in the United States have a strong correlation to what a person decides to eat or not eat during his or her lifespan. What are the top two leading causes of death in the United States?
Heart disease and cancer.
Healthy People 2020
Help people obtain high quality, longer lives free of disease, disability, injury and pre-mature death; 10 year national goals
Energy(calorie)-dense Foods
High in calories but weigh very little.
Anthropometric Assessment
Involves measuring height and weight
Which of the following is FALSE about the typical American diet?
It is typically low in protein.
Which of the following is TRUE about MyPlate?
It shapes the key recommendations of the dietary guidelines into an applicable visual.
After finishing his two-year commitment as a Peace Corps volunteer in Nepal, Curtis is embarking upon an around-the-world tour. In which country will he be most likely to encounter a locally grown food supply without genetically engineered foods?
Italy
Examples of very low and low energy density foods
Lettuce, oatmeal, salsa, plain baked potato
A number of recent, high-profile foodborne illness outbreaks have increased Americans' awareness of the safety of our food supply. What is the primary cause of foodborne illness in North America?
Microbial contamination causes most foodborne illness incidents.
A micro nutrient, such as trace minerals are needed by the body in what quantities?
Micrograms and Milligrams
Examples of unmodified foods that are considered to be functional foods
Nuts and fish
Cross-contamination
Occurs when an uncontaminated food touches a pathogen-contaminated food or object such as a plate that has come in contact with contaminated food
Undernutrition and overnutrition are both problems in the United States. Which of the following statements about malnutrition is true?
Overnutrition can be caused by long-term excessive energy intake. Overnutrition is the long-term excess of energy or nutrient intake and is also a form of malnutrition. Overnutrition is often characterized by obesity. Overnutrition is more common in the United States than undernutrition. Undernutrition may not have overt signs or symptoms in the early (subclinical) stage of deficiency.
Where do phytochemicals come from?
Plant foods
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)
Provide a range of intake, as a percent of energy, associated with good health and reduced risk of chronic diseases while providing for recommended intakes of essential nutrients
Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA)
Recommended nutrient intakes that will meet the needs of almost all healthy people (97 to 98%). Based on a multiple of EARs.
Peer-Reviewed Journal
Reliable source than those found in popular magazines or promoted on tv shows.
Major Minerals
Sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium and phosphorus
Absorption
The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive system into the blood
Digestion
The process by which the body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules
Nutrition
The process by which your body takes in and uses food. Research behind how food interacts with our bodies.
Gene Therapy
The process of isolating normal DNA, packaging it into a molecular delivery vehicle and injecting it into the cells affected by the disease
Peristalsis
The process of wave-like muscle contractions (squeezing and shortening) of the alimentary tract that moves food along.
Marija has heard that the acidic environment of the stomach is similar to that of a car battery. If the stomach is so acidic, why doesn't the acid eat away at the stomach lining and cause holes in the stomach?
The stomach is lined with a layer of mucus that protects it.
Last summer, Loraine's garden yielded more food than her family could eat. She chose to extend the life of many of her fruits and vegetables by canning them. This is an example of which type of food preservation method?
Using heat to reduce number of microbes. Most preservation methods work on the principle of decreasing water content. Bacteria need abundant stores of water to grow.
Nutrients people should strive to reach 100% DV
Vitamin D, Fiber, Iron, Calcium
Informed Consent
Voluntary, documents confirmation of the participants' agreements to participate in the study
Which of the following is the primary cause of death in children around the world?
diarrhea
Tolerable Upper Intake (UL)
maximum level of daily intake of nutrients that is unlikely to cause adverse health effects.
Adequate Intake (AI)
the average daily intake amounts of nutrients for which there are insufficient research data to establish an EAR.