behavioral mgmt chapter 7
Arielle is part of a team charged with developing a new name for a product. This is an ___
idea generation
a few people in the company who get together to play tennis on the weekend would be considered a _________________ group
informal
formal work group
made up of managers, subordinates, or both with close associations among group members that influence the behavior of individuals in the group
sequential interdependence
when one person's output becomes another person's input
outcome interdependence
when the rewards that an individual receives depend on the performance of others
can groups have too much cohesion?
yes, Members may become conflict avoidant, focusing more on trying to please each other so as not to be ostracized.
pooled interdependence
when team members may work independently and simply combine their efforts to create the teams output
self managed teams
Teams that manage themselves and do not report directly to a supervisor. Instead, team members select their own leader, and they may even take turns in the leadership role.
what should you do after the meeting
follow up on action items
what are the two types of groups
formal and informal
storming
stage when participants focus less on keeping their guard up as they shed social facades, becoming more authentic and more argumentative
traditional manager - led teams
Teams where the manager serves as the team leader.
a group is
A collection of individuals. Within an organization, groups might consist of project-related collectives such as a product group or division, or they can encompass an entire store or branch of a company
social loafing
Develops when a perception of inequality in regard to rewards and/or blame arises in a group
Team
a cohesive coalition of people working together to achieve mutual goals
team contract
agreements on established ground rules, goals, and roles
process loss
any aspect of group interaction that inhibits group functioning
in many cases groups get stuck in the _______ stage
storming
production tasks
tasks that include actually making something such as a building, product, or a marketing plan
reciprocal interdependence
team members working on each tasks simultaneously
cohesion
the degree of camaraderie (friendship) within the group/ like the social glue
task interdependence
the degree that team members are dependent upon one another to get information, support, or materials from other team members to be effective
T/F The purpose of assembling a team is to accomplish larger, more complex goals than what would be possible for an individual working alone or even the simple sum of several individuals working independently.
true
cross functional teams
Teams that involve individuals from different parts of the organization.
what are some tips to avoid getting stuck?
- normalize conflict - be inclusive - make sure everyone is heard - support all group members - remain positive - don't rush the groups development
boundary-spanning roles
1. consul - gather info from the larger organization and informing those about team activities, goals, and successes (team managers or leaders) 2. coordinator- interfacing with others within the organization so that the team's efforts are in line with others
task roles
1. contractor - organize the team's work 2. creator - changes in the teams task process structure 3. contributor - brings information and expertise to the team 4. completer- transforms ideas into action 5. critic- "devil's advocate"
social roles
1. cooperator - supporting those with expertise toward the team's goal 2. communicator- behaviors that are targeted at collaboration, such ask listening skills 3. calibrator- an important one that serves to keep the team on track in terms of suggesting any needed changes to the team's process/ discussing teams problems/struggles/tensions
3 types of task interdependence
1. pooled interdependence 2. sequential interdependence 3. reciprocal interdependence
what are some things you can do during the meeting to make sure the team starts and keeps on track?
1. start on time 2. getting on the same page 3. follow the agenda 4. managing group dynamics for full participation 5. summarize the meeting with action items 6. end on time
how does a group differ from a team
A group is often a collection of people working independently on their own goals ; a team is assembled to accomplish mutual goals.
Collective efficiency refers to
A groups perception of its ability to perform well
after action review
A meeting conducted at the end of a project or event, where team members discuss what went right, what went wrong, and what could have been done differently. Commonly used alternative names include "retrospective meeting", "de-brief meeting", or post mortem.
product development teams
A team in charge of designing a new product.
task force
A type of temporary team which is asked to address a specific issue or problem until it is resolved.
which of the following is true for group decision making
Groups often perform lower than the best individual in the group
forming-storming-norming-performing model
Proposed by Bruce Tuckman in 1965 and involved a four-stage map of group evolution.
T/F A collection of people is not a team
TRUE
T/F Research shows that a group's collective efficacy is related to its performance
TRUE
T/F The social loafing tendency is less a matter of being lazy and more a matter of perceiving that one will receive neither one's fair share of rewards if the group is successful nor blame if the group fails.
TRUE
top management teams
Teams appointed by the chief executive officer (CEO) and, ideally, reflect the skills and areas that the CEO considers vital for the company.
empowered teams
Teams that have the responsibility as well as the authority to achieve their goals.
virtual teams
Teams where members are not located in the same physical place.
___________effect found that as the number of group members increases, the effort of each member decreases.
The Ringelmann
The decision-making technique designed to help with group decision making by ensuring that all members participate fully is
The nominal group technique
adjourning phase
The fifth and final stage later added to the Tuckman model.
does cohesion result in higher performing teams? a. yes b. no c. it depends
c
group
a collection of individuals who interact with each other such that one person's actions have an impact on the others
Collective efficacy
a group's perception of its ability to successfully perform well. "we can do this" "we can do better than them"
groupthink
a tendency to avoid a critical evaluation of ideas the group favors. Groupthink is most common in highly cohesive groups
adjourning
a working group may dissolve due to an organizational restructuring.
what are the 6 key things you should do before the meeting?
aks: 1. is a meeting needed? 2. decide who all should be at the meeting 3. how long? Keep it short 4. create and distribute agenda 5. determine how all members can attend 6. send reminder prior to meeting
process loss refers to
any aspect of group interaction that inhibits group functioning
Mariana is encouraging her sorority sisters to function as a cohesive group she list all of the following as benefits EXCEPT a. If you are experiencing stress, as you might during finals week, you can depend on your sisters to help get you through. b. If you experience a personal tragedy or challenge, your sisters will help you cope. c. If you are part of the sorority, you do not have to attend meetings and events often because you can depend on your sisters to cover for you. d. You will have greater self-confidence and self-esteem if you are a regular part of the group.
c
Mike listens carefully to the exchanges between team members during meetings and is particularly adept at using humor to lighten any tense situations that arise between team members because of those exchanges. Mike plays the a. calibrator role. b. cooperator role. c. communicator role. d. completer role.
c
the following questions can help to create a meaningful team __________ Team Values and Goals What are our shared team values? What is our team goal? Team Roles and Leadership Who does what within this team? (Who takes notes at the meeting? Who sets the agenda? Who assigns tasks? Who runs the meetings?) Does the team have a formal leader? If so, what are his or her roles? Team Decision Making How are minor decisions made? How are major decisions made? Team Communication Who do you contact if you cannot make a meeting? Who communicates with whom? How often will the team meet? Team Performance What constitutes good team performance? What if a team member tries hard but does not seem to be producing quality work? How will poor attendance/work quality be dealt with?
contract
idea- generation
creative tasks such as brainstorming a new direction or. creating a new process
the superintendent of the school district is writing a new mission statement for the district. He is engaged in the _______ role
creator
The tendency to avoid a critical evaluation of ideas that the group favors is called
groupthink
Hank is part of a team doing engineering design on a new hybrid automobile. Hank's team has completed designing the vehicle. His team is now ready to hand off to another team who will be dealing with ___
production
3 major classes of tasks
production idea generation problem solving
problem-solving tasks
refers to coming up with plans for actions and making decisions
norms refers to a. shared expectations about how things operate within a group or team. b. agreements on established ground rules, goals, and roles. c. measures of camaraderie in the group or team. d. formal approaches to decision making in a group or team
shared expectations about how things operate within a group or team
team norms
shared expectations about how things operate within a group or team
the fundamental factors affecting group cohesion
similarity stability size support satisfaction
performing
stage when participants are not only getting work done, but they also pay greater attention to how they are doing it
norming
stage when participants find it easy to establish their own ground rules (or norms) and define their operating procedures and goals
Jennifer has been very empathetic in her comments supporting the new addition to the product line. Christopher has been equally spirited in his opposition to the item. Gordon and antonio seem to be leaning to discussion about the product has consumed the last hour of the meeting of the marketing group. At what stage of tuckman's model does this group seem to be functioning?
storming
The decision-making technique design to help with group decision making by ensuring that all members participate fully is
the nominal group technique
forming
the stage when the group comes together for the first time
social loafing
the tendency for individuals to put in less effort when working in a group context
punctuated equilibrium
the theory that change within groups occurs in rapid, radical spurts rather than gradually over time
informal work groups
two or more individuals who are associated with one another in ways not prescribed by the formal organization