BI 112 Quiz 10 (Ch. 43) SP21

____ that are transferred from mother to child through the placenta (and breastmilk) provide ____ immunity for the child.

Antibodies ... passive

Which statement best describes the difference in responses of effector B cells and cytotoxic T cells?

B cells secrete antibodies against a virus; cytotoxic T cells kill virus-infected cells.

Blood type ____ is considered the universal donor type because it has ____.

O ... neither A or B antigens

The second fetus of a mother may be harmed or killed if the mother's blood type is ____ and the fetus (and the prior fetus) blood type is ____.

O-...O+

Which of the following is NOT true about helper T cells?

They are activated by polysaccharide fragments.

What do macrophages and neutrophils have in common?

They phagocytize pathogens.

SCID is caused by ____.

absent or defective T cells and B cells

Which of the following is NOT part of insect immunity?

activation of natural killer cells

A macromolecule produced in the body, which recognizes another molecule as "foreign" to the body, is a(n) _____.

antibody

Which of the following is an acquired (adaptive) immune defense in humans?

antibody production by lymphocytes

Interferons and complement are ____.

antimicrobial proteins that fight viruses, cut holes in microbial membranes, and target microbes for macrophages

Immunity gained from the antibodies in snake-bite antiserum are an example of ____ immunity.

artificial passive

Diseases like multiple sclerosis and lupus are ____.

autoimmune diseases

The proliferation of the B lymphocyte to which a specific antigen binds is referred to as _____.

clonal selection

Allergy occurs when the body produces too much ____ upon exposure to an allergen.

histamine

During the primary response to an infection, some ____ are stimulated to divide and form effector and memory clone cells.

lymphocytes

Which of the following cells are part of the innate, second (internal) line of defense?

macrophages

B lymphocytes _____.

make antibodies that circulate in blood and lymph

Which of the following types of cells initiate a secondary immune response?

memory cells

A rabies shot or tetanus shot provides ____ immunity because it ____.

passive ... contains antibodies produced by another animal

If microorganisms penetrate the innate defenses, an inflammatory response may be initiated by the _____.

release of chemicals such as histamine by damaged cells and mast cells

What is a characteristic of early stages of local inflammation?

release of histamine

Which of the following results in long-term (adaptive) immunity?

the administration of the chicken pox vaccine

The idea behind vaccination is to induce _____ without the vaccinated individual having to get sick.

the primary immune response

The first line of defense against infection is _____.

the skin and mucous membranes