BI 112 Quiz 10 (Ch. 43) SP21
____ that are transferred from mother to child through the placenta (and breastmilk) provide ____ immunity for the child.
Antibodies ... passive
Which statement best describes the difference in responses of effector B cells and cytotoxic T cells?
B cells secrete antibodies against a virus; cytotoxic T cells kill virus-infected cells.
Blood type ____ is considered the universal donor type because it has ____.
O ... neither A or B antigens
The second fetus of a mother may be harmed or killed if the mother's blood type is ____ and the fetus (and the prior fetus) blood type is ____.
O-...O+
Which of the following is NOT true about helper T cells?
They are activated by polysaccharide fragments.
What do macrophages and neutrophils have in common?
They phagocytize pathogens.
SCID is caused by ____.
absent or defective T cells and B cells
Which of the following is NOT part of insect immunity?
activation of natural killer cells
A macromolecule produced in the body, which recognizes another molecule as "foreign" to the body, is a(n) _____.
antibody
Which of the following is an acquired (adaptive) immune defense in humans?
antibody production by lymphocytes
Interferons and complement are ____.
antimicrobial proteins that fight viruses, cut holes in microbial membranes, and target microbes for macrophages
Immunity gained from the antibodies in snake-bite antiserum are an example of ____ immunity.
artificial passive
Diseases like multiple sclerosis and lupus are ____.
autoimmune diseases
The proliferation of the B lymphocyte to which a specific antigen binds is referred to as _____.
clonal selection
Allergy occurs when the body produces too much ____ upon exposure to an allergen.
histamine
During the primary response to an infection, some ____ are stimulated to divide and form effector and memory clone cells.
lymphocytes
Which of the following cells are part of the innate, second (internal) line of defense?
macrophages
B lymphocytes _____.
make antibodies that circulate in blood and lymph
Which of the following types of cells initiate a secondary immune response?
memory cells
A rabies shot or tetanus shot provides ____ immunity because it ____.
passive ... contains antibodies produced by another animal
If microorganisms penetrate the innate defenses, an inflammatory response may be initiated by the _____.
release of chemicals such as histamine by damaged cells and mast cells
What is a characteristic of early stages of local inflammation?
release of histamine
Which of the following results in long-term (adaptive) immunity?
the administration of the chicken pox vaccine
The idea behind vaccination is to induce _____ without the vaccinated individual having to get sick.
the primary immune response
The first line of defense against infection is _____.
the skin and mucous membranes