Biblical Poetry Midterm (Twigg)

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A stated comparison using "like" or "as"

Simile

Wrote two Psalms (Ps. 72, 127)

Solomon

Wrote 10-12 Psalms (Ps. 42, 44-49, 84, 87); connected with a rebellious individual in Numbers

Sons of Korah

Parallelism in which the first line is developed or completed by the second

Synthetic

What are the thirty-four non-titled Psalms called?

The Orphan Psalms

Who wrote the Book of Job?

Unknown (but tradition says Moses)

What word in Job 1:1 means "ethically appropriate"?

Upright

Where do the events of Job occur?

Uz (perhaps modern Saudi Arabia)

The most dogmatic of Job's friends; claims Job is being punished and deserves more punishment

Zophar

Who is absent from the third cycle?

Zophar

Of the 150 Psalms, how many have titles?

116

What is the approximate range of years that the writing of Psalms covers?

1405-500 BC

Approximately what percent of the OT was written in poetical form?

30-50%

Which Hebrew division of Psalms is called the "Davidic Book" (only Ps. 1, 2, 10, and 33 in this book are not written by David)?

Book 1 (Ps. 1-41)

What chapter(s) are included in Job's First Cycle?

Ch. 4-14

Called "the sweet Psalmist of Israel"; 73 Psalms are specifically attributed to him; organized choirs and invented instruments

David

What does each Hebrew book of Psalms end with?

Doxology

The fourth friend; not answered by Job; claims to speak for God

Elihu

Wrote Psalm 89; one of David's three musical leaders

Ethan/Jeduthun

Form of Hebrew poetry that urges action or wishes for something; e.g., Hab. 3, Num. 6:24-26

Exhortatory

Wrote Psalms 88; one of David's three musical leaders

Heman

"The solemn sound or murmuring of the harp"; used 4x in the OT; related to the Hebrew word translated "meditate"

Higgaion

Give some examples of brief portions of poetry contained in OT books

Judges 16:15, 1 Samuel 18:17

Form of Hebrew poetry that expresses intense emotion; e.g., Job 3, Psalms, Lamentations, 2 Sam. 23:1-7; "elegiac"

Lyrical

Means "instruction"; used 13x in Psalms

Maschil

Implied comparison

Metaphor

The Hebrew word for Psalm; occurs 57x in the collection; some believe this word literally means "plucking an instrument"

Mizmor

Wrote Psalm 90, the oldest Psalm in the collection

Moses

Figurative language using part of something to symbolize the whole

Synecdoche

What is the general word for praises that is used to name the Psalms in the Hebrew Bible?

Tehilim

What is the purpose of the Book of Job (verbatim)?

To Show That The Proper Relationship Between God and Man is Based Solely on The Sovereign Grace of God and Man's Response of Faith and Submissive Trust

What does it mean to fear God?

To recognize God's character and respond by revering, trusting, worshipping, obeying, and serving Him

T/F: Job is a wisdom book

True

T/F: Satan is a title, not a name

True

T/F: The scores of the Psalms are lost to time

True

T/F: There is Hebrew poetry in every category of OT Scripture

True

T/F: There is no universal meter in Hebrew poetry

True

T/F: When God speaks, He makes no reference to the retribution principle

True

T/F: When it comes to Hebrew poetry, how God says something is just as important as what He said

True

What four pieces of information can be given by a superscription in Psalms?

Type of Psalm, Author or recipient, Historical occasion, Musical instruction

What is the major question of the book from Job's perspective (Job 10:7)?

Why am I, a person who loves and obeys God, suffering?

What does the word "Psalm" mean?

"A poem set to notes"

What passage of Job is included in the Epilogue?

42:7-17

How many Psalms are anonymous?

50

How many questions does God ask Job?

77

Around what time were most of the Psalms written?

900 BC

Some believe that Hebrew meter is based on ______ rather than syllables

Accent

When do the events of Job occur?

After the Flood and before Abraham

When were the final Psalms (Ps. 126 and 137) added tot he collection?

After the exile

Lit. "Hind of the Dawn"; possibly a tune for the Psalm; possibly an allegorical allusion to the subject

Aijeleth Shahar (Ps. 22)

Lit. "maidens, young women"; probably denotes that it was written for women's voices

Alamoth (Ps. 46)

Lit. "Destroy not"; may indicate prayer of deliverance; may be title of melody or arrangement

Altaschith (Ps. 57-59, 75)

"Truly, so be it"; an affirmation; original meaning was literally "firm"; sometimes an audience response to worship

Amen

Figurative language giving human characteristics to God

Anthropomorphism

Parallelism in which the second line either restates the first in a negative way or states a contrasting truth; indicated by "but"

Antithetic

Contemporary of David; wrote Ps. 50, 73-83

Asaph

Job's friend that used the conditional argument; says Job has done wrong and must repent; emphasizes God's justice

Bildad

Hebrew division of Psalms with a focus on the suffering of the ungodly; contains many Davidic Psalms

Book 2 (Ps. 42-72)

Hebrew division of Psalms that focuses on God's dealing with Israel; "The Book of Asaph"

Book 3 (Ps. 73-89)

Hebrew division of Psalms that focuses on God's reign; has no predominant author

Book 4 (Ps. 90-106)

Hebrew division of Psalms that focuses on the Word of God; contains the Hallelujah Psalms and the Psalms of Degrees; no predominant author

Book 5 (Ps. 107-150)

What chapter(s) are included in Job's Introduction?

Ch. 1-2

What chapter(s) are included in Job's Second Cycle?

Ch. 15-21

What chapter(s) are included in Job's Third Cycle?

Ch. 22-31

What chapter(s) are included in Job's Soliloquy?

Ch. 3

What chapter(s) are included in Elihu's Speech?

Ch. 32-37

What chapter(s) are included in God's Response to Job?

Ch. 38-42:6

Parallelism in which the first and last line are parallel and the second and second to last line are parallel

Chiastic (Introverted)

How does Job's suffering help the reader of the Book?

Clarifies the main point (man's relationship with God)

Form of Hebrew poetry designed to teach a moral lesson; e.g., Job, Ecclesiastes, Proverbs

Didactic

What is the major question of the book from God's perspective (Job 1:9)?

Does Job love God, or the blessing He gives?

What two ideas does Job refute?

Dogmatic application of the retribution principle and the Idea that man's relationship to God is like a legal contract

What characteristic of Hebrew poetry means saying a lot in a few words?

Economy of words/terseness

Job's friend that claimed special revelation; says that Job is pious so God will help him soon; says Job needs to appeal to a mediator

Eliphaz

Parallelism in which one line uses a metaphor or simile to illustrate the other

Emblematic

Form of Hebrew poetry that deals with events; e.g., Ex. 15, Judges 5, 1 Sam. 2, Ps. 104; poetic form and telling of an event

Epic-Lyric

T/F: The focus of the Book of Job is Job's suffering

False (man's relationship with God is the primary idea)

T/F: The superscriptions are not inspired

False (they are inspired)

T/F: Job's Soliloquy deals with the theological and ideological reasons for why Job suffered rather than his emotions

False (vice versa)

T/F: We categorize poetry based on form, not content

False (vice versa)

What are the four ways to help understand Hebrew poetry?

Find historical context, Identify parallelism, Note literary devices, Maintain theological consistency

Give some examples of complete poetical compositions in OT books

Gen. 49, 1 Sam. 2:1-10, Ex. 15, Judges 5

Lit. "wine press"; feminine from Gath; maybe name of an instrument or a melody

Gittith (Ps. 8, 81, 84)

Who is on trial in the book of Job?

God

God's questions for Job all involve what three topics?

Job wasn't involved in Creation, Job isn't involved in Creation's management, Questions regarding the animals

What is some evidence for the date of the Book of Job?

Job's longevity and lifestyle, key OT ideas omitted, wealth measured by livestock, precipitation mentioned

Figurative language using a related thing to symbolize something

Metonymy

Lit. "to stamp, to engrave"; translated "contemplative poem"

Michtam (Ps. 16, 56-60)

Lit. "with stringed instruments"; likely refers to the leader of the temple choir that played on stringed instruments

Neginoth (Ps. 4-6, 54-55, 61, 67, 76)

One of the major characteristics of Hebrew poetry; a balanced structure of paired expressions

Parallelism

What word in Job 1:1 means "blameless, complete"?

Perfect

As opposed to law and history, poetry books focus on _____ _________ and deal with the __________

Personal experience, Individual

Figurative language giving human qualities to non-human objects

Personification

What term indicates that God reveals His Word more and more over time and refers the the Psalms constantly being added to during Bible times?

Progressive Revelation

Form of Hebrew poetry that describes future events; e.g., Isa. 53, Gen. 9:25-27, Gen. 49, Num. 23-24

Prophetic

What is Satan's objective in Job?

Proving that people only serve God for His blessings

Some suggest that Books 1 and 2 of Psalms were once one book but were divided by an editor's addition of Psalms ___-____

Ps. 42-50

Probably a musical term; means "lift up"; used 71x in Psalms; accents what came before

Selah

An eight-stringed instrument

Sheminith (Ps. 6, 12)

From "to reel about through drink"; perhaps means a poem with irregular meter

Shiggayon (Ps. 7)

Lit. "lilies"; could be a reference to a six-stringed instrument; perhaps a reference to a trumpet

Shoshannim (Ps. 45, 69)

Tune or arrangement to which the poem was played or sung

Shoshannim-Eduth (Ps. 80)


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