BIO 101 FINAL

During crossing-over,

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What is the main reason that the tundra does not have large plants?

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When during the cell cycle are chromosomes visible?

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Which of the following is not a benefit of biodiversity?

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Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?

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Which two terrestrial biomes are the most similar with regards to rainfall?

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The main goal of conservation biology is to

Apply scientific principles to preserving and restoring ecosystems.

In which ways does overfishing lead to decreased biodiversity?

It depletes fish that feed on some species and serve as food sources for other species, leading to the eradication of some species and the overpopulation of others.

The figure below shows a cell in the mitotic stage of

anaphase

You are looking at a cell under a microscope and see what appears to be several "X" structures being pulled to each side of the cell. What stage of meiosis are you looking at?

anaphase I

Which ecosystem makes up approximately 70% of the Earth's surface?

aquatic; marine

Muscular dystrophy affects the functioning of skeletal muscle. As this disease advances, it can impair the contraction of the diaphragm and the muscles of the rib cage. What effect will this have on the ability of people with this disease to carry out gas exchange?

It will decrease their ability to exchange air into and out of the lungs, decreasing gas exchange.

Which organisms have been modified to produce insulin, blood clotting factor VIII, and human growth hormone?

bacteria

A karyotype shows chromosomes arranged by

banding patterns, size, and shape.

Mercury can enter an aquatic food chain and collect in fish as well as people who eat fish. This is an example of which of the following processes?

biological magnification

Which of the following groups is suspected of causing climate change?

fossil fuel usage, deforestation, and agriculture

The major cause of the loss in Earth's biodiversity is

habitat loss

Some insects can stride on the surface of water because water

has surface tension

Humans are omnivores as shown by the type of

human teeth

Human society in its current form is unsustainable because

important natural resources are being consumed more quickly than they can be replenished.

While Jeff was looking under the microscope at cells in different stages of mitosis, he commented on the fact that many cells were in the same stage. If you were looking under the compound light microscope at an onion root tip, in what stage of the cell cycle would the majority of the cells be?

interphase

An atom that has an electrical charge is called a(n)

ion

The type of bond that would form from the transfer of an electron from one atom to another, shown below, is a(n) ________ bond.

ionic

Most of the world's freshwater supply is used for

irrigating crops.

The increased efficiency of fishing has led to

loss of biodiversity in fish and other species.

Deforestation may contribute toward climate change because

loss of trees disrupts the carbon cycle, limiting the amount that is absorbed by plants, and increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Which of the following are greenhouse gases?

methane and carbon dioxide

The addition of electrons and/or hydrogen atoms to a substrate is called what?

reduction

The nervous system and endocrine system control the body's functions by

sending out messages by nerve impulse and hormones.

Forests and other natural ecosystems, such as wetlands, exhibit the "sponge effect," meaning that they

soak up water from runoff and rainfall, releasing it at a regular rate that moderates flooding of streams and rivers.

Cellular respiration can be described as the conversion of the energy

stored in food to energy stored in ATP.

What molecule most directly provides the energy you need for your muscles to contract?

ATP

Which is not a function of blood?

All are functions of blood

If your body is dehydrated, the control center in the brain will stimulate the release of a hormone which causes the reabsorption of water into the blood during urine formation. When the control center senses that enough water is reabsorbed, it will stop the release of the hormone. This is an example of

a negative feedback mechanism

Which of the following methods may help conserve water by reducing the amount used for agriculture?

contour with no-till farming

At what age do bones reach their peak density?

early adulthood

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?

eliminate nitrogenous waste

An atom with a neutral charge has

equal numbers of protons and electrons.

Proteins must be ingested in order to obtain

essential amino acids

Homeostasis maintains various levels within a narrow range only if environmental conditions do not fluctuate much.

false

Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of ________.

fat

Which food choice below offers the healthiest fat for your heart?

oily fish

The single most important risk for skin cancer is ________.

overexposure to UV radiation

The removal of electrons and/or hydrogen atoms from a substrate is called what?

oxidation

Fermentation occurs if

oxygen is not present.

The final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain is ________, resulting in formation of ________.

oxygen; water

Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Amino acids are needed to build ________, just as ________ are needed to create DNA.

protein; nucleotides

Water is a major limiting factor in which of the following biomes?

tundra

Most metabolic wastes leave the body through the production of ________ by the ________.

urine; urinary system

Which of the following has not contributed to declines in the world fish catch in recent years?

use of aquaculture aquafarming

Which of the following creates the least amount of soil erosion?

use of drip irrigation systems

List the levels of organization of the body from simple to complex. 1. organ system 2. organism 3. tissue 4. organ 5. cell

5,3,4,1,2

Deoxyribose is a sugar found in

DNA

________ is the study of the structure and function of cellular proteins and their interactions; ________ may be employed to use computer algorithms to aid this process.

Proteomics; bioinformatics

How does climate change effect Earth's oceans?

The pH level of the ocean will shift to a more ACIDIC environment, leading to stress and the possible extinction of many species of shellfish and corals.

Energy needs are supplied by

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins

Which of the following lists the levels of biological organization in order from simplest to most complex?

cell, cardiac muscle, heart, cardiovascular system, human

The structure of bone tissue suits the function. Which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand torsion stresses?

compact bone

The study of comparative genomics has given researchers the ability to look at multiple genomes from different species, which has lead to new ideas about the evolutionary history of organisms. The conclusion is that

modern vertebrate species evolved from the same ancestors, and a large portion of their genome is conserved.

Movement of body parts directly requires the

muscular system and skeletal system.

Isotopes of an element differ in their

neutron number.

Nutrients that are deemed to be "essential" are those which

the body is not able to produce

Inside the chloroplasts, chlorophyll is found in the

thylakoid membrane.

Which nitrogen-containing base is found in DNA but not in RNA?

thymine