BIO 101N Exam 2

About how much blood does a typical human adult have? 3 liters 5 liters 10 liters 15 liters

5 liters

What causes a stomach ulcer? Lack of a key nutrient A bacterial infection Chronic consumption of spicy food Consuming too many calories

A bacterial infection

Following an injury to your hand, the injured area appears red and swollen. It feels painful and warm to the touch. What is the cause of these symptoms? the inflammatory response natural killer cells external defenses the complement system

the inflammatory response

What is the role of the epithelium? Contracts to create body movement Provides the padding between the joints Transmits electrical signals throughout the body Covers exposed body surfaces

Covers Exposed Body Surfaces

True or False: Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the alveoli and into the pulmonary capillaries, while oxygen diffuses out of the pulmonary capillaries and into the alveolar sacs.

False

True or False: Proteins are made from 20 different amino acids. All 20 are essential as part of a healthy diet.

False

True or False: Urine leaves the kidney though the renal vein.

False

True or False: Water soluble vitamins are essential in the diet while fat soluble vitamins are not.

False

Select the feature which is not directly involved in the clotting process. Platelets Hemoglobin Fibrin All of these are involved in the clotting process.

Hemoglobin

Maintaining a steady state internal environment, despite a changing external environment, is called ________. bioregulation homeostasis heterostasis biofeedback

Homeostasis

There are many organs and glands of the endocrine system, but which one is the master controller? Hypothalamus Pancreas Pituitary Thyroid

Hypothalmus

What type of disorder is AIDS? Autoimmune disease Immunodeficiency Allergic reaction Immune rejection

Immunodeficiency

What is the name of the response to an injury in which fluids leak from dilated blood vessels causing redness and swelling? Compliment response Lymphatic response Inflammatory response Innate response

Inflammatory response

Which accessory organ's secretions neutralize stomach acid before it reaches the intestines? Salivary glands Gallbladder Pancreas Liver

Pancreas

What is the role of the epiglottis? Produces vocal sounds Produces the positive or negative pressures that force air into or out of the lungs Filters dust and other impurities from entering the respiratory system Prevents food from entering the windpipe

Prevents food from entering the windpipe

What is the role of the villi? To absorb small nutrient molecules from the digestive tract To secrete digestive enzymes into the digestive tract To secrete water into the digestive tract To move food along the digestive tract

To absorb small nutrient molecules from the digestive tract

What is the purpose of dialysis treatments? To detoxify dangerous chemicals in the bloodstream To keep the airways open so one can breathe To constrict blood vessels to prevent death from anaphylactic shock To remove waste products from the bloodstream

To detoxify dangerous chemicals in the bloodstream

Which is not a function of the circulatory system? To carry chemical signals, such as hormones, throughout the body To produce and store all of the immune system cells To transport nutrients to the cells and to remove wastes from the cells To distribute heat throughout the body

To produce and store all of the immune system cells

True or False: Animals regulate their internal environments in a way that maintains relative stability in response to changes in their external environments. This tendency, called "homeostasis," is most often maintained by negative feedback mechanisms.

True

True or False: During diastole, the heart muscles relax; during systole, the atria and ventricles contract sequentially.

True

True or False: Epithelial tissues cover most body surfaces and form the inner lining for most body cavities.

True

True or False: Insulin and glucagon work together to regulate blood glucose levels. This is an example of a negative feedback circuit.

True

True or False: Oxygen-poor blood enters the heart through two veins: the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava.

True

Which form of diabetes would require regular injections of insulin?

Type 1

Scurvy is caused by a lack of which nutrient? Vitamin C Calcium Omega-3 fatty acid Vitamin D

Vitamin C

Urine contains mostly __________. urea glucose sodium water

Water

Select the correct sequence for the pathway of blood through the heart.

Body → Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Lungs → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle → Body

The human circulatory system constitutes __________. A) connective tissue B) an organ C) an organ system D) a tissue

C) an organ system

Which are the thinnest blood vessels? Capillaries Venules Arterioles Bronchioles

Capillaries

True or False: If you cut your skin, damaged cells release chemicals to initiate blood clotting. Formation of a blood clot stimulates additional chemical release, which accelerates the clotting process. This is an example of a negative feedback mechanism.

False

What moves the food from your mouth to your stomach when you swallow? Gravity Pressure difference between zones Peristaltic muscle contractions Undulatory muscle contractions

Peristalic muscle contractions

True or False: Blood clotting depends on bits of cells pinched off from larger cells in the bone marrow.

True

Most of the absorption of food nutrients takes place __________. in the large intestine in the stomach throughout the entire alimentary canal in the small intestine

in the small intestine

The pulmonary circuit specifically circulates blood to the ________. brain heart lungs liver

lungs

Vaccines can convey long-term immunity because they stimulate the production of __________. effector cells memory cells phagocytic cells natural killer cells

memory cells

Most of the absorption of nutrients (besides water) takes place in the ________. esophagus small intestine large intestine stomach

small intestine

What is the condition called when your body's immune system overreacts to an otherwise harmless foreign particle? SCID Arthritis Diabetes Allergy

Allergy

The term interface can be used to describe the surface across which molecules and ions are exchanged, often diffusing between external and internal environments or between organ systems. What part of the respiratory system forms the interface between the respiratory system and the circulatory system? Bronchioles Trachea Pharynx Alveoli

Alveoli

Identify the primary role of the lymphatic system. Produce and store large numbers of white blood cells Delivery of oxygen to the deep muscle cells Filter out cellular wastes from the blood Distribution of hormones to the body

Produce and store large numbers of white blood cells

In what way can the human circulatory system be described as double circulation? The heart has two chambers. The human cardiovascular system includes the pulmonary circuit and a systemic circuit. Blood can go through veins in two different directions. Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Veins return blood to the heart.

The human cardiovascular system includes the pulmonary circuit and a systemic circuit.

Choose the defining characteristic of all arteries. They only carry deoxygenated blood. They only carry blood back to the heart. They only carry oxygenated blood. They only carry blood away from the heart.

They only carry blood away from the heart.

What is the name of the tubes that run from the kidneys to the bladder? Ureters Urethras Nephrons Fallopian tubes

Ureters

Which medication prevents viral infections by priming the immune system against a specific virus? Vaccine Diuretic Anti-inflammatory Antibiotic

Vaccine

Heartburn is actually __________. an ulcer inflammatory bowel disease gallstones acid reflux

acid reflux

Which of the following is NOT part of your innate immune system? lymphocytes natural killer cells phagocytic cells stomach acid

lyphocytes

Which type of white blood cells produces defensive proteins called antibodies? Phagocytic cells T cells B cells Natural killer cells

B cells

The main function of this substance is to aid in the digestion of fat. bile saliva chyme pepsin

bile

An essential nutrient is specifically a nutrient that your body ________. cannot store needs to grow needs to function cannot make by itself

cannot make by itself