Bio 104 Exam 1
Which of the following is characteristic of flatworms?
They are acoelomate (have no body cavity)
Which of the following is a major problem for sessile animals?
They are unable to escape unfavorable environmental conditions.
Cycads were very important during the _____________, which began about 251 million years ago.
Triassic Period
A lichen is a combination of a fungus and a photoautotroph.
True
An archegoniophore is found in certain liverworts.
True
An example of an animal that is a metazoan is a sponge.
True
Animals share a common origin with choanoflagellates.
True
Blastospores are produced by glomeromycetes.
True
Conidiophores are asexual spores.
True
Gnetophytes are different from other gymnosperms in that gnetophytes have vessel elements.
True
Hox genes have been identified in all bilaterally symmetric animal groups.
True
In sponges, spicules are secreted by amoeboid cells
True
Members of phylum Arthropoda have paired, jointed appendages.
True
Members of the Eedysozoa elade are characterized by having a cuticle.
True
Microsporidia are unicellular parasites of animals.
True
The cephalic end of an animal is toward its head.
True
________ is the evolutionary process in which the space s between close branches become filled with chlorophyll-containing cells.
Webbing
What is the process occurring at point 3 in the accompanying figure?
Zygote germination
Which of the following deuterostomes has a proboscis?
acorn worms
Allomyces has an unusual life cycle in that it spends part of its life as a multicellular haploid thallus and part as a multicellular diploid thallus. This life cycle is known as which of the following?
alternation of generations
The tetrapods include
amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals
The haploid gametophytes produce male gametangia known as:
antheridi
Refer to the accompanying figure. What is the structure labeled as 6?
anus
One true characteristic of all animals is that they:
are heterotrophs
The first function of feathers was most likely:
as color displays in courtship rituals
Ascomycetes reproduce sexually by forming:
ascospores
Saccharomyces cerevisiae are useful for which of the following?
baking
Lungs first evolved in which group?
bony fishes
Yeasts reproduce asexually by:
budding
How are the sperm of moss transported to the archegonia?
by both insects and water
After embryonic development, members of the phylum Rotifera are incapable of;
cell division
An elongate uniramid with many legs as well as poison claws is known as a(n):
centipede
Which of the following are exclusively terrestrial?
chilopods and diplopods
Which of the following is a characteristic shared between green algae and plants?
chlorophylls a and b in plastids
The common ancestor of all animals is/are the:
choanoflagellates
Which of the following were important plants millions of years ago, when species that are now extinct often reached great size?
club mosses
Fungi that lack septa are called:
coenocytic
The main structural protein in the extracellular matrix and an important shared derived characteristic of animals is:
collagen
Sponges are believed to have arisen from the choanoflagellates because they possess:
collar cells
Recent studies of gene function as it relates to reproductive development suggest that angiosperms evolved most directly from:
conifers
Lichens are currently thought to be an example of which of the following?
controlled parasitism
Which of the following phyla is a deuterostome?
echinoderms
The epidermis of a nematode is derived from the:
ectoderm
Which of the following is NOT an adaptation needed for living on land?
external respiratory surfaces
Refer to the accompanying figure. What is the structure labeled as 9?
feeding polyp
What is the mode of nutrition for clams and oysters?
filter feeders
Chytrids produce which of the following cells at some point during their life cycle, which is an indicator of fungal evolution?
flagellate
One ancestral characteristic remaining in representatives of the Chytridiomycota is;
flagellated cells
The sori of most ferns are found on which part of the plant?
fronds
Hagfishes are differentiated from lampreys and all other fishes in that:
hagfishes lack vertebrae.
A flower that has sepals, petals, and stamens, but lacks carpels, is known as:
incomplete and imperfect
Seed plants produce ovules, each of which is a megasporangium surrounded by ___________.
integuments
Sharks detect motion in the water or waves by their:
lateral lines
The monotremes are an unusual group of mammals because they:
lay eggs
A key step in the evolution of vascular plants was the ability to produce _____, a strengthening ploymer in the walls of cells that provide support and conduction.
lignin
Snakes are most closely related to:
lizards
Bilateral symmetry and cephalization are adaptations for which of the following?
locomotion
Each cone scale bears two ovules, or_____________, on its upper surface.
megasporangia
What do the large female cones of a pine tree contain?
megasporangia
The structure labeled as 9 in the accompanying figure was produced by:
meiosis in the resting sporangium.
Which of the following are exclusively marine?
mirostomes
As a contemporary scientist, which of the following would you use as evidence to propose changing the traditional animal phylogenies?
molecular data
The veliger larval form is unique to:
molluscs
The larva in the accompanying figure is characteristic of which group of organisms?
mollusks
Refer to the accompanying figure. What is the function of the structure labeled as 8
movement
What type of leaf venation do eudicots possess?
netted
Which is an example of a monocot?
onions
The oldest definitive trace of flowering plants in the fossil record consists of:
ovules enclosed in podlike fruits.
Which of the following terms is associated with polychaetes?
parapodia
What is the structure labeled as 9 in the accompanying figure?
pistil
What is the function of the sepal of a flowering plant?
protect the flower bud
When a miss spore lands in a suitable spot, it germinates and grows into a filament of cells called a:
protonema
When a moss spore lands in a suitable spot, it germinates and grows into a filament of cells called a:
protonema
Which structure do numerous mollusks use to scrape algae off rocks?
radula
What is the purpose of protonephridia in flatworms?
regulate fluid balance
Birds are most closely related to:
reptiles
The amphibians are believed to have arisen from ancestral:
sacropterygian fishes.
Which of the following is a marine species that is segmented and has many setae, a well-developed head, separate sexes, and trochophore larva?
sandworms, tubeworms
Which of the following produces a silken dragline that can be used to determine the sex and maturity level of the spinner?
spiders
Which of the following is NOT an example of a cnidarian?
sponges
Which mollusks have a closed circulatory system?
squids
What is the mode of nutrition for most Poriferans?
suspension feeders
Larval tunicates superficially resemble which of the following?
tadpoles
Which is the gametophyte form of most liverworts?
thallus
Why are mosses and liverworts limited in size?
they lack vascular tissues
A bilaterally symmetrical animal has how many axes?
three
The endosperm of an angiosperm seed is typically:
triploid (3n)
Which of the following is NOT an example of an animal disease caused by an ascomycete?
tuberculosis
Adult tunicates develop which of the following?
tunic
Which of the following is NOT a function of (typical) amphibian skin?
waste excretion
Which vascular tissue is responsible for conducting water and dissolved minerals in plants?
xylem
Refer to the accompanying figure, The structure labeled as 4 is
zygote
Refer to the accompanying figure, What label designates the auricles on this organism?
2
How is a pseudocoelom different from a coelom?
A coelom is a cavity fully lined by mesoderm.
Which of the following is true of hemichordates?
Acorn worms are a well-known example in this group.
The coelacanth is found in the class:
Actinistia
Metamorphosis occurs in which of the following vertebrate classes?
Amphibia
Which of the following statements about arthropods is FALSE?
Arthropods have an incomplete digestive tract.
The fungus that causes black stem rust of wheat belongs to which fungal group?
Basidiomycetes
Why are bees important to the reproductive success of flowering plants?
Bees carry pollen to other plants.
Which statement about gymnosperms and angiosperms is FALSE?
Both groups have free-living gametophytes.
Thrush, a painful yeast infection of the mouth, throat and vagina, is caused by a member of the genus:
Candida
From an evolutionary perspective, true nerve cells are first seen in the phylum:
Cnidaria
Which one of the following is mismatched?
Dutch elm disease-glomeromycetes
Extracts from the ginkgo tree are sold in over-the-counter (OTC) medicines purported to increase memory. Extracts from what other gymnosperm were once sold in OTC weight loss supplements?
Ephedra
A gymnosperm that produces a long taproot and only two leaves belongs to the genus Gnetum.
False
After a moss spore germinates, it forms a prothallus.
False
Biologists agree that ancestors of ray-finned fishes gave rise to tetrapods.
False
Chytrids produce spores that lack a flagellum.
False
Club mosses belong to the phylum Bryophyta.
False
Convergent evolution resulted in placental and marsupial mammals with similar structural features.
False
In plants, sporogenous cells divide by mitosis to form spores.
False
In the process of double fertilization, one sperm fuses with the egg and the other sperm fuses with a spore.
False
In zygomycetes such as Rhizopus, the zygospore is haploid.
False
Parapodia are characteristic of oligochaetes. T/F
False
The chordate nerve cord is hollow and located ventrally (T or F)
False
The earliest vertebrates had jaws.
False
The term "cleavage" refers to a series of meiotic cell divisions.
False
Vertebrates have a closed circulatory system with a dorsal heart and blood containing hemoglobin.
False
Xylem is a vascular tissue that conducts dissolved sugars.
False
Which fungal group is cochocytic and reproduce asexually via blastospores?
Glomeromycetes
The fourth phylum is a collection of which unusual plants that share certain traits not found in other gymnosperms?
Gnetophyta
Designate the hyphae of two different mating types of black bread mold as "+" (plus) and "_" (minus). Mating of these two types is correctly classified as which of the following?
Heterothallic
Designate the hyphae of two different mating types of black bread mold as "+" (plus) and «-" (minus). Mating of these two types is correctly classified as which of the following?
Heterothallic
Which class of animals has the largest number of species?
Insecta
Which of the following is NOT a correct statement regarding segmentation?
It is an example of heteroplasy
Refer to the accompanying figure. Which statement about label 1 is FALSE?
It is part of the sporophyte generation
Which of the following is NOT true of lichens?
Lichens can all be seen with an unaided eye
What are the two clades of the protostomes?
Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa
Which structure places a fish in the class Actinoptery gii?
More flexible fins with less bone
How do mosses help prevent soil erosion?
Mosses are packed in dense colonies, holding soil together.
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of conodonts (extinct chordates)?
No fins
Which animal phylum has an asymmetrical body plan?
Porifera
Which of the following appears to have evolved independently in different animal taxa, and ther its presence is not considered a useful characteristic for determining phylogeny?
Pseudocoelom
According to the fossil record, the oldest vascular plants are placed in which phylum?
Rhyniophyta
Which is the most economically important bryophyte?
Sphagnum
If adult sponges are sessile, why can they still be classified as animals?
Sponge larvae are motile.
Which was the primary challenge animals faced in adapting to life on land?
The desiccating effect of the atmosphere