BIO 1050 Exam 3 Wayne State

(LO 3.4, 3.5) By definition, the number of types of chromosomes is n. For a given cell, n = 16. How many double helices of DNA are there during G2 of the mitotic cell cycle? 64 8 32 128

64

(LO 3.1, 3.5) Normally, eukaryotic cells divide to All of the other answers are correct. add more cells during growth of an infant. repair wounds. replace dead cells. add more cells during growth of a child.

All of the other answers are correct.

(LO 3.5, 3.12) Which of the following lists includes things that happen to the chromosomes during the mitotic cell cycle in the correct order? chromosomes align on the metaphase plate, DNA is duplicated, DNA condenses, sister chromatids separate DNA condenses, DNA is duplicated, sister chromatids separate, chromosomes align on the metaphase plate DNA is duplicated, DNA condenses, chromosomes align on the metaphase plate, sister chromatids separate DNA is duplicated, chromosomes align on the metaphase plate, sister chromatids separate, DNA condenses DNA is duplicated, chromosomes align on the metaphase plate, DNA condenses, sister chromatids separate

DNA is duplicated, DNA condenses, chromosomes align on the metaphase plate, sister chromatids separate

(LO 3.7) Removing growth factors from the environment around dividing cells is most likely going to stop the cell cycle in the S phase. decrease the rate of cell division. send the cells through the G1 checkpoint. send the cells through the M checkpoint.

Decrease the rate of cell division.

(LO 3.5) Of the following, which would happen next after the synthesis of DNA during the mitotic cell cycle? mitosis G2 phase cytokinesis G1 phase M phase

G2

(LO 3.5) In the mitotic cell cycle, which of the following would most immediately come after the S phase? mitosis G2 phase the M phase cytokinesis

G2 phase

(LO 3.15) What is an advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction? It is less complex than asexual reproduction. It is effective in all environments, whereas asexual reproduction only works on land. It is faster than asexual reproduction. It generates more new combinations of alleles than asexual reproduction. It is more effective than asexual reproduction when population density is low.

It generates more new combinations of alleles than asexual reproduction.

(LO 3.15) What is an advantage of asexual reproduction over sexual reproduction? It generates more new combinations of alleles than sexual reproduction. It is slower than sexual reproduction. It is more complex than sexual reproduction. It is effective in all environments, whereas sexual reproduction only works in the water. It is more effective than sexual reproduction when population density is low.

It is more effective than sexual reproduction when population density is low.

(LO 3.2, 3.5) Sister chromatids are made during. G2 phase of the meiotic cell cycle, but not the mitotic cell cycle. S phase of the mitotic and meiotic cell cycles. G1 phase of the mitotic and meiotic cell cycles. telophase the mitosis, but not of meiosis. anaphase of mitosis and meiosis

S phase of the mitotic and meiotic cell cycles.

(LO 3.2, 3.5) Sister chromatids are made during. G2 phase of the meiotic cell cycle, but not the mitotic cell cycle. S phase of the mitotic and meiotic cell cycles. anaphase of mitosis and meiosis. telophase the mitosis, but not of meiosis.

S phase of the mitotic and meiotic cell cycles.

(LO 3.12) Which of the following happens LAST during the mitotic cell cycle? Sister chromatids align on the metaphase plate. The sister chromatids separate. Microtubules emerge from the centrosomes. The spindles start to pull on the kinetochores of sister chromatids. The cleavage furrow forms.

The cleavage furrow forms.

(LO 3.12) Of the events below, which would happen NEXT in the mitotic cell cycle after the DNA was replicated? The plasma membrane would form a cleavage furrow and would divide the cell into two daughter cells. The sister chromatids would separate. The nuclear envelope would form around chromosomes again. The chromosomes would align on the metaphase plate. The mitotic spindle would start to form

The mitotic spindle would start to form

(LO 3.12) Of the events below, which would happen NEXT after the DNA was replicated? The sister chromatids would separate. The mitotic spindle would start to form. The plasma membrane would form a cleavage furrow and would divide the cell into two daughter cells. The chromosomes would align on the metaphase plate. The nuclear envelope would form around chromosomes again.

The mitotic spindle would start to form.

(LO 3.5) Which of the following situations is most likely if a eukaryotic cell is stuck at the G2 checkpoint? There are no growth factors, or nutrients. The cell is in the process of DNA replication. The mitotic spindles are just starting to form. The cell is in mitosis with all but two of the chromosomes aligned on the metaphase plate. There are errors in the replication of the DNA.

There are errors in the replication of the DNA.

(LO 3.7) Imagine you work in a lab and prepare two Petri dishes with plenty of nutrients and exactly the same density of cultured skin cells. The density starts at 100 cells per dish. The cells are low enough density that they are not touching each other. The professor you work with asked you to test substance Q to see if it is a growth factor. Which experiment and result would most strongly support the hypothesis that substance Q is a growth factor? You add Q to both dishes; when you count later they each have 500 cells. You add Q to one dish; when you count later both dishes have 800 cells. You add Q to one dish; when you count later the dish with Q has 300 cells and the dish without Q has 100 cells. You add Q to both dishes; when you count later they each have 100 cells. You add Q to one dish; when you count later the dish with Q has 100 cells and the dish without Q has 400 cells.

You add Q to one dish; when you count later the dish with Q has 300 cells and the dish without Q has 100 cells.

(LO 3.13) During cytokinesis the centrosomes move through the cytoplasm to the poles of the cells. the sperm cell merges with the eggs cell. actin microfilaments divide the cell into two cells. the chromosomes move from the center to the poles of the cells. the organelles duplicate

actin microfilaments divide the cell into two cells.

(LO 3.5, 3.6, 3.7) Imagine you are working in a lab and want cells in a Petri dish to divide. What would you do? remove nutrients add growth factors and nutrients add more neighboring cells (increase cell density) remove growth factors

add growth factors and nutrients

(LO 3.11) The microtubules of the cytoskeleton are made of tubulin. The microtubules are large in diameter and divide the cell during cytokinesis. are small in diameter and divide the cell during cytokinesis. are small in diameter and determine the shape of the cell. never change shape. are large in diameter and move the chromosomes during mitosis.

are large in diameter and move the chromosomes during mitosis.

(LO 3.11) The actin microfilaments of the cytoskeleton are small in diameter and divide the cell during cytokinesis. are small in diameter and move the chromosomes during mitosis. never change shape. are large in diameter and move the chromosomes during mitosis. are large in diameter and determine the shape of the cell.

are small in diameter and divide the cell during cytokinesis.

(LO 3.1) Prokaryotic cells divide by metastasis. mitotic cell division. binary fission. translation. cytokinesis.

binary fission

(LO 3.20) In humans, which of the following stages occurs next after zygote? fetus blastocyst egg embryo baby

blastocyst

(LO 3.5, 3.11, 3.12) Which of the following lists includes things that happen to the cytoskeleton during the mitotic cell cycle in the correct order? mitotic spindles form, microtubules pull sister chromatids apart, centrosomes duplicate, cytokinesis centrosomes duplicate, mitotic spindles form, microtubules pull sister chromatids apart, cytokinesis microtubules pull sister chromatids apart, centrosomes duplicate, mitotic spindles form, cytokinesis mitotic spindles form, centrosomes duplicate, cytokinesis, microtubules pull sister chromatids apart microtubules pull sister chromatids apart, cytokinesis, centrosomes duplicate, mitotic spindles form

centrosomes duplicate, mitotic spindles form, microtubules pull sister chromatids apart, cytokinesis

(LO 3.12) Centrosomes hold sister chromatids together. are where microtubules attach to chromosomes. divide cells in two at the cleavage furrow. connect to microtubules that pull on kinetochores. are the strands of DNA that have the genes in them.

connect to microtubules that pull on kinetochores.

(LO 3.18) Crossing over occurs during mitosis. occurs between identical sister chromatids. disrupts the alignment of chromosomes on the metaphase plate and stops the cell at the spindle (anaphase) checkpoint. creates new combinations of alleles in populations. occurs during meiosis II

creates new combinations of alleles in populations.

(LO 3.13) When actin microfilaments divide a cell into two cells during the mitotic cell cycle it is metaphase. interphase. cytokinesis. prophase. telophase.

cytokinesis

(LO 3.18) During prophase I and metaphase I the cells are _________, and during prophase II and metaphase II they are ____________. haploid, diploid diploid, diploid diploid, haploid haploid, haploid

diploid, haploid

(LO 3.7) For this question assume that the cells do NOT have density-dependent inhibition. If a cell had a mutation that caused a growth factor receptor to be stuck in the shape it normally had when growth factors were bound, then you would expect cells with this mutation to divide until they ran out of growth factor. divide more frequently than usual. divide less frequently than usual. stop dividing.

divide more frequently than usual.

(LO 3.12, 3.5, 3.11) The cytoskeleton plays a big role in the mitotic cell cycle. Actin microfilaments are used in the mitotic cell cycle for translation. transcription. replicating the DNA. pulling the sister chromatids apart. dividing the cell in two during cytokinesis.

dividing the cell in two during cytokinesis.

(LO 3.12, 3.5, 3.11) During the mitotic cell cycle the cytoskeleton does NOT duplicate the chromosomes, replicating the DNA. make the cell elongate. make cells divide by cytokinesis. pull on the duplicated chromosomes, so that they line up on the metaphase plate. pull the sister chromatids apart.

duplicate the chromosomes, replicating the DNA.

(LO 3.12, 3.5, 3.11) During the mitotic cell cycle the cytoskeleton does NOT pull on the duplicated chromosomes, so that they line up on the metaphase plate. make the cell elongate. duplicate the chromosomes, replicating the DNA. make cells divide by cytokinesis. pull the sister chromatids apart.

duplicate the chromosomes, replicating the DNA.

(LO 3.5, 3.16) You would find sister chromatids during cytokinesis. during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. in the cytoplasm of a cell that is not dividing. during the mitotic cell cycle before DNA replication. during the G2 phase of the cell cycle.

during the G2 phase of the cell cycle.

(LO 3.20) What are the correct names, in order for the stages of mammalian development? egg, embryo, zygote, blastocyst, fetus, infant blastocyst, embryo, zygote, fetus, infant egg, zygote, blastocyst, embryo, fetus, infant zygote, egg, embryo, blastocyst, infant, fetus

egg, zygote, blastocyst, embryo, fetus, infant

(LO 3.14) Consider the human life cycle. Which of the following type of cell is haploid? liver cells eggs neurons skin cells

eggs

(LO 3.19) Which of the following is the correct order for the path sperm cells take to leave the male body? epididymus, urethra, vas deferens vas deferens, prostrate, epididymus epididymus, vas deferens, urethra urethra, epididymus, vas deferens prostrate, epididymus, vas deferen

epididymus, vas deferens, urethra

(LO 3.23) Which of the following is the correct order of the events of pregnancy through childbirth? fertilization, dilation, expulsion, implantation fertilization, implantation, dilation, expulsion implantation, fertilization, expulsion, dilation dilation, fertilization, expulsion, dilation

fertilization, implantation, dilation, expulsion

(LO 3.18) Each tetrad of duplicated homologous chromosomes forms during the G1 phase of the meiotic cell cycle. forms during prophase I of meiosis. forms during prophase II of meiosis. separate during anaphase II of meiosis. separates during metaphase II of meiosis.

forms during prophase I of meiosis.

(LO 3.4, 3.18) You start with one cell where the number of types of chromosomes (n) is equal to ten, and watch it undergo meiosis. At the end of telophase II and cytokinesis II you would see two cells, each with twenty chromosomes. two cells, each with five chromosomes. four cells, each with ten chromosomes. four cells, each with twenty chromosomes. four cells, each with five chromosomes.

four cells, each with ten chromosomes.

(LO 3.17) The purpose of the meiotic cell cycle is to replace cells lost due to injury. generate four cells that are identical to each other and to the cell that divided to form them. to increase the number of cells for growth of the individual. generate haploid gametes from diploid stem cells. generate an exact copy of the cell that is dividing.

generate haploid gametes from diploid stem cells.

(LO 3.2) Assuming no mutations or crossing over events, sister chromatids have different gene loci from each other. have different lengths from each other. have the same gene loci as each other, but with the loci in different orders. have different numbers of centromeres. have the same alleles as each other.

have the same alleles as each other.

(LO 3.2) Sister chromatids have centromeres in different locations. have different alleles. have different genes. have the same lengths. have the same genes, but in different orders from each other.

have the same lengths.

(LO 3.12) Centromeres are the strands of DNA that have the genes in them. hold sister chromatids together through metaphase. divide cells in two at the cleavage furrow. replicate the DNA. are on the opposite end of the mitotic spindle from the kinetochores.

hold sister chromatids together through metaphase.

(LO 3.13) Plant cells and animal cells both undergo mitosis and cytokinesis. New cell wall material is deposited from vesicles in plant cells during cytokinesis. when the DNA duplicates in animal cells. in plant cells so the plant can pass through the G2 checkpoint. when the DNA duplicates in plant cells. in animal cells during cytokinesis.

in plant cells during cytokinesis.

(LO 3.20) Where does fertilization normally take place? in the cervix in the vas deferens in the oviduct in the uterus in the ovary

in the oviduct

(LO 3.19) In a human, the prostate is where the sperm undergo meiosis. is the long tube that leads from the testes to the penis. is a valve that lets only urine or only semen into the urethra. supplies the blood to fill the erectile tissue. is located in the scrotum.

is a valve that lets only urine or only semen into the urethra.

(LO 3.18) You look at a cell and see 14 tetrads on the metaphase plate. From this information you would know that it is a non-human cell in tetraphase I. it is a non-human cell in metaphase. it is a human cell in metaphase II. it is a human cell in metaphase. it is a non-human cell in metaphase I.

it is a non-human cell in metaphase I.

(LO 3.5, 3.12) If a cell is stopped at the M checkpoint, it will not enter the next phase of mitosis, which is interphase. prophase/prometaphase. metaphase. telophase. anaphase.

metaphase

(LO 3.18) You would see tetrads during telophase I of meiosis. metaphase II of meiosis. metaphase of mitosis. DNA replication. metaphase I of meiosis.

metaphase I of meiosis.

(LO 3.4, 3.18) You are studying cells where the number of types of chromosomes (n) is equal to four. You look down the microscope and see one cell with eight duplicated chromosomes lined up on the metaphase plate. This cell is in anaphase of mitosis. metaphase of mitosis. metaphase I of meiosis. prophase I of meiosis. metaphase II of meiosis.

metaphase of mitosis.

(LO 3.4, 3.18) You are studying cells where the number of types of chromosomes (n) is equal to seven. You look down the microscope and see one cell with fourteen duplicated chromosomes lined up individually on the metaphase plate. This cell is in metaphase of mitosis. metaphase II of meiosis. prophase of mitosis. anaphase I of meiosis. metaphase I of meiosis.

metaphase of mitosis.

(LO 3.12) During anaphase, the chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell. duplicate. uncoil from their condensed state. are released from the microtubules. condense.

move to opposite poles of the cell. duplicate.

(LO 3.2) There is exactly one double helix of DNA in one non-duplicated chromosome. a pair of sister chromatids. the nucleus of a typical eukaryote. one duplicated chromosome.

one non-duplicated chromosome.

(LO 3.19) In woman, an egg is released from a follicle in the ________, then travels through the oviduct to the uterus. clitoris cervix vagina ovary vulva

ovary

(LO 3.12, 3.5, 3.11) The cytoskeleton plays a big role in the mitotic cell cycle. Microtubules are used in the mitotic cell cycle for pulling the sister chromatids apart. replicating the DNA. dividing the cell in two during cytokinesis. translation. transcription

pulling the sister chromatids apart.

(LO 3.1) Binary fission is how eukaryotes make more cells. is how multicellular organisms end up with two arms, one on each side of the body. is how multicellular organisms repair wounds. usually has the cell wall and plasma membrane separate the cell in two before the duplicated chromosomes separate. results in two daughter cells, each with one copy of the circular chromosome.

results in two daughter cells, each with one copy of the circular chromosome.

(LO 3.5) When there are mistakes in the replication of DNA during the mitotic cell cycle, the cell is most likely going to eliminate the defective chromosomes from the cell and continue dividing with only the non-mutated chromosomes. stop at the M checkpoint. stop at the G1 checkpoint. stop at the G2 checkpoint.

stop at the G2 checkpoint.

(LO 3.19) In a man, the sperm are released into the seminiferous tubules of the _________ in the scrotum, before traveling through the epididymus. penis urethra vas deferens prostate testicle

testicle

(LO 3.20) Which of the following happens first of the following steps of fertilization? the sperm binding the sperm receptors the vitelline reaction the fusion of the plasma membranes of the sperm and egg the fusion of the egg and sperm nuclei the acrosome reaction

the acrosome reaction

(LO 3.14) During the human life cycle the adults and gametes are haploid. the adults and gametes are diploid. the adults and zygotes are diploid. the adults are haploid and the gametes are diploid. the zygotes are haploid.

the adults and zygotes are diploid.

(LO 3.15) Asexual reproduction is more advantageous than sexual reproduction when there are many individuals in an area. genetic diversity is important for the survival of some of the organisms. the environment is constant, because new combinations of alleles are not as important as when the environment is changing. the environment is changing, because asexual reproduction does not result in new combinations of alleles. the environment is changing, because asexual reproduction results in new combinations of alleles.

the environment is constant, because new combinations of alleles are not as important as when the environment is changing.

(LO 3.12) Which of the following happens LAST during the mitotic cell cycle? The spindles start to pull on the kinetochores of sister chromatids. the nuclear envelopes reform around the chromosomes. Microtubules emerge from the centrosomes. The sister chromatids separate. Sister chromatids align on the metaphase plate.

the nuclear envelopes reform around the chromosomes.

(LO 3.7) You are working with environmental contaminants, and have found chemical A in the water supply. You are concerned it is a growth factor, so you run experiments to test this hypothesis. You have two sets of identical flasks of cells, set 1 and set 2. You do not add chemical A to set 1, but you add chemical A to set 2. You wait three days and measure the number of cells again. The data that would be most convincing that chemical A is a growth factor would be the number of cells in set 1 is smaller than the number in set 2 at the end of the experiment. the number of cells in set 1 is equal to the number in set 2 at the end of the experiment. the number of cells in set 1 is larger than the number in set 2 at the end of the experiment. the number of cells in set 2 is larger at the end of the experiment than at the beginning. the number of cells in set 1 is larger at the end of the experiment than at the beginning.

the number of cells in set 1 is smaller than the number in set 2 at the end of the experiment.

(LO 3.20) Which of the following prevents sperm from a fish from fertilizing the sperm from a nearby frog? meiosis the acrosome reaction the vitelline reaction the sperm receptors the jelly coat on the egg

the sperm receptors

(LO 3.20) Which of the following prevents a sperm from the wrong species from fertilizing an egg? the vitelline reaction the sperm nucleus enters the egg the sperm and egg plasma membranes fuse the acrosome reaction the sperm receptors on the egg

the sperm receptors on the egg

(LO 3.12) Which of the following has to occur during mitosis before anaphase? the DNA uncoils the spindle microtubules disappear the nuclear envelopes reform the sister chromatids separate the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores

the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores

(LO 3.12) Which of the following has to occur during mitosis before anaphase? the sister chromatids separate the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores the spindle microtubules disappear the DNA uncoils the nuclear envelopes reform

the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores

(LO 3.19) In a human, the sperm travel from the urethra through the vas deferens and testes then the epididymis. the testes through the epididymis and vas deferens then urethra. the epididymis through the testes and urethra then vas deferens. the vas deferens through the urethra and epididymis then the testes. the testes through the vas deferens and the urethra then epididymis.

the testes through the epididymis and vas deferens then urethra.

(LO 3.20) Which of the following prevents multiple sperm from fertilizing an egg? the acrosome reaction the vitelline reaction the sperm and egg plasma membranes fuse the sperm receptors on the egg the sperm nucleus enters the egg

the vitelline reaction

(LO 3.12) The purpose of mitosis is to get exactly two sister chromatids to each daughter cell. to remove DNA that was damaged by mutations. to get exactly one copy of each chromosome to each daughter cell. to check for damage to the DNA. to duplicate the DNA during cytokinesis.

to get exactly one copy of each chromosome to each daughter cell.

(LO 3.23) Which of the following lists the stages of pregnancy and childbirth in the correct order? dilation of the cervix, expulsion of the baby, transition from embryo to fetus, delivery of the placenta dilation of the cervix, expulsion of the baby, delivery of the placenta, transition from embryo to fetus transition from embryo to fetus, dilation of the cervix, delivery of the placenta, expulsion of the baby delivery of the placenta, transition from embryo to fetus, expulsion of the baby, dilation of the cervix transition from embryo to fetus, dilation of the cervix, expulsion of the baby, delivery of the placenta

transition from embryo to fetus, dilation of the cervix, expulsion of the baby, delivery of the placenta

(LO 3.4) One sister chromatid has up to two different alleles for each gene. a double helix of DNA that is identical to a non-sister chromatid of the homologous chromosome. two double helices of DNA. two molecules of DNA as one double helix.

two molecules of DNA as one double helix.

(LO 3.16) Which of the following are identical? two sister chromatids complementary strands of DNA chromosome 1 and chromosome 2 from a pea plant two alleles of a gene homologous chromosomes

two sister chromatids

(LO 3.12) During telophase of mitosis, the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. uncoil from their condensed state. form one circular chromosome. condense. duplicate

uncoil from their condensed state.

(LO 3.12) During telophase of mitosis, the chromosomes uncoil from their condensed state. duplicate. condense. line up in the middle of the cell. form one circular chromosome.

uncoil from their condensed state.

(LO 3.19) In a man, the sperm leave the testicle and would next be found in the bladder. urethra. prostate. penis. vas deferens

vas deferens

(LO 3.4, 3.5) By definition, the number of types of chromosomes is n. For a given cell, n = 12. How many double helices of DNA are there during G2 of the mitotic cell cycle? 48 24 6 96 12

48

(LO 3.4) One sister chromatid has two molecules of DNA as one double helix. up to two different alleles for each gene. two double helices of DNA. one molecule of DNA (half of a double helix). a double helix of DNA that is identical to a non-sister chromatid of the homologous chromosome.

two molecules of DNA as one double helix.