Bio 110 - Chapter 6 (Cellular Respiration)

Which of the following molecules is broken down in cellular respiration, providing fuel for the cell?

glucose

What process occurs in structure H?

photosynthesis

In cellular respiration, oxygen becomes ________ to water (H2O) as it gains electrons (in hydrogen atoms) that came from glucose.

reduced

How many NADH are produced by glycolysis?

2

In glycolysis there is a net gain of _____ ATP.

2

NADH and FADH2 are important in cellular respiration because they deliver high-energy electrons to the electron transport system. Electron transport produces _____ ATP molecule(s) per NADH molecule and _____ ATP molecules(s) per FADH2 molecule.

3; 2

In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose breakdown?

ATP

The energy released from the redox reactions in the electron transport chain is used by the cell to make ______.

ATP

Which energy-rich molecule produced by cellular respiration directly powers cell work?

ATP

_____ is the high-energy molecule used to power cellular work.

ATP

Imagine an organism with mutations in complexes I, III, and IV that prevent pumping of hydrogen ions into the intermembrane space but still allow electrons to pass through the electron transport chain. Which of the following is the most likely consequence of these mutations?

ATP synthase will not convert ADP to ATP.

What is the correct general equation for cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy

Autotrophs use photosynthesis to convert the energy of sunlight into the chemical energy of sugar. Which of the following is the correct equation for photosynthesis?

CO2 + H2O + sunlight → O2 + sugar

In muscle cells, fermentation produces _____.

lactate and NAD+

In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain?

mitochondrion

What organelle is indicated by the letter C?

mitochondrion

In cellular respiration, most ATP molecules are produced by _____.

oxidative phosphorylation

In cellular respiration, glucose becomes _________ to carbon dioxide (CO2) as it loses electrons (in hydrogen atoms).

oxidized

NADH delivers electrons to an electron transport chain, which passes the electrons through carrier molecules in a series of redox reactions to the final electron acceptor, __________.

oxygen

The final electron acceptor of cellular respiration is _____.

oxygen

What molecule is indicated by the letter D?

oxygen

Cellular respiration requires fuel (glucose) and oxygen gas. The main process that produces these inputs is _____.

photosynthesis

During ___________, the energy from the sun is used to make sugar molecules.

photosynthesis

Select the three true statements about oxidative phosphorylation.

- NADH and FADH2 deliver electrons to the electron transport chain during oxidative phosphorylation. - Chemiosmosis is the final step in oxidative phosphorylation. - Without oxygen, oxidative phosphorylation would not occur.

For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ NADH enter the electron transport chain.

10

Which of these is NOT a product of glycolysis?

FADH2

In cellular respiration, organic molecules become oxidized as _______ picks up electrons and H+ and becomes reduced to NADH.

NAD+

During electron transport, energy from _____ is used to pump hydrogen ions into the _____.

NADH and FADH2; intermembrane space

What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

Oxygen accepts high-energy electrons after they are stripped from glucose.

Which statement describes the citric acid cycle?

This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion.

Which statement describes glycolysis?

This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose.

Which statement describes the electron transport chain?

This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration.

Which of these enters the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle)?

acetyl CoA

Which of these is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle)?

acetyl CoA

Which of the following organisms perform cellular respiration? Select all that apply: - a mushroom - a palm tree - a sunflower - a honeybee - a shark

all of them

An organism that can use energy from the sun to directly produce food is called a(n) ______.

autotroph

What molecules belong in spaces E and F?

carbon dioxide and water

During _____________, the energy in sugar molecules is used to make molecules of ATP.

cellular respiration

What process occurs within Box B?

citric acid cycle

The transfer of ________ from one molecule to another is an oxidation-reduction reaction, or redox reaction.

electrons

What molecules belong in space A and B?

glucose and oxygen

Glycolysis is the multi-step breakdown of _____. Several different _____ play a role in this process.

glucose; enzymes

What process occurs in Box A?

glycolysis

Which of the following processes takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?

glycolysis

Select the correct sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration.

glycolysis → acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain

An organism that must consume other organisms to obtain nourishment is called a(n) __________.

heterotroph

Unlike the Citric Acid cycle and electron transport, glycolysis occurs _____.

in the cytoplasm

The proximate (immediate) source of energy for oxidative phosphorylation is ________________.

kinetic energy that is released as hydrogen ions diffuse down their concentration gradient

In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by _____.

substrate-level phosphorylation

In the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle), ATP molecules are produced by _____.

substrate-level phosphorylation

Virtually all organisms on Earth use cellular respiration to produce ATP from sugar. ATP is then used to power cellular work. Which of the following is the correct equation for cellular respiration?

sugar + O2 → CO2 + H2O + ATP

Which part(s) of cellular respiration take(s) place in the mitochondria?

the Citric Acid cycle and the electron transport chain

Cellular respiration accomplishes two major processes: (1) it breaks glucose down into smaller molecules, and (2) it harvests the chemical energy released and stores it in ATP molecules. By the end of _____, the breakdown of glucose is complete; most ATP molecules are produced during _____.

the Citric Acid cycle; electron transport

Which part(s) of cellular respiration require(s) oxygen gas?

the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain

In electron transport, high-energy electrons "fall" to oxygen through a series of reactions. The energy released is used to ________________________.

transport protons into the intermembrane space of the mitochondria, where they become concentrated. They then flow back out into the the inner compartment (matrix) of the mitochodria. On the way back, protons turn ATP synthase turbines and produce ATP

What is/are the most important output(s) of glycolysis?

two pyruvic acid and two NADH molecules