BIO 1107 chapter 5-6

Some bacteria are able to propel themselves through liquid by means of a structure called the

Flagellum

Cholesterol, lipids composition, and temperature affect

Fluidity of memebrane

The DNA of prokaryotic cells is found in the

nucleoid region

cell wall is composed of

peptidoglycan

Endomembrane system includes?

plasma membrane, nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesiciles.

All cells come from?

pre-existing cells

Endocytosis

process that brings molecules into cell

plasma membrane

A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells, also contains embedded proteins.

The surface area-to-volume ratio of a cell

Accounts for the size limit of cells

Protein pores

Allow materials to pass between cells.

What is Cell surface area to volume ratio?

As a cell's size increases, its volume increases much more rapidly than its surface area

The _______ is a specialized structure surrounding the cell wall in some prokaryotes.

Capsule

The building blocks of life are?

Cells

In the mitochondria, ATP is generated by harnessing free energy that is released when high energy bonds of glucose are broken. This process is known as

Cellular respiration

The _______ is an organelle that functions in energy transformations within photosynthetic cells and consists of a series of flattened sacs stacked somewhat like pancakes or pita bread.

Chloroplast

Where can ribosomes be found?

Cytoplasm, Both prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells, mitochondria, And attached to endoplasmic recticulm.

The overall shape of an animal cell is determined by its

Cytoskeleton

The Nucleus contains?

DNA

Which is bigger Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes?

Eukaryotes

A large organelle that genetically controls a eukaryotic cell's activities is the

Nucleus

The rough ER is the portion of the ER that

Has ribosomes attached to it

Demosomes

Held neighboring cells together

Membrane-bound organelles are present in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes. These structures

Increase the efficiency of cellular activities in eukaryotes

Chloroplasts are the structures in which

Light energy is converted into chemical energy

Cells that are active in movement and growth and require a large amount of energy typically have large numbers or amounts of

Mitochondria

According to endosymbiotic theory, which subcellular structures were once independent prokaryotic organisms?

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Movement of water across membrane from area of low solute concentration to area of high solute concentration is

Osmosis

Plastids are found in ________ cells.

Photosynthetic

Ribosomes are made up of

RNA and proteins

The function of the nuclear pores is to

Regulate movement of materials across the nuclear membrane

A general function of all cellular membranes is to

Regulate which materials can enter or leave the cell

The cytosol and _______ are two components of the cytoplasm in a prokaryotic cell.

Ribosomes

Which is not a component of the endomembrane system?

Ribosomes

Steroids are synthesized by

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Which is a difference between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell?

The DNA in a prokaryotic cell is not enclosed in a membrane-bound nucleus

Though science fiction has produced stories like The Blob, we do not see many large, single-celled organisms. Which is a reason for the limitation to cell size?

The difficulty of moving molecules rapidly within a large cell

Microscopes must be used when?

To view all cells.

What does the Nucleolus do?

assembles ribosomes

movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

diffusion

permeable

does not allow certain molecules to pass and requires ATP.

What is homeostasis?

internal environment of a cell.