BIO 1107 chapter 5-6
Some bacteria are able to propel themselves through liquid by means of a structure called the
Flagellum
Cholesterol, lipids composition, and temperature affect
Fluidity of memebrane
The DNA of prokaryotic cells is found in the
nucleoid region
cell wall is composed of
peptidoglycan
Endomembrane system includes?
plasma membrane, nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesiciles.
All cells come from?
pre-existing cells
Endocytosis
process that brings molecules into cell
plasma membrane
A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells, also contains embedded proteins.
The surface area-to-volume ratio of a cell
Accounts for the size limit of cells
Protein pores
Allow materials to pass between cells.
What is Cell surface area to volume ratio?
As a cell's size increases, its volume increases much more rapidly than its surface area
The _______ is a specialized structure surrounding the cell wall in some prokaryotes.
Capsule
The building blocks of life are?
Cells
In the mitochondria, ATP is generated by harnessing free energy that is released when high energy bonds of glucose are broken. This process is known as
Cellular respiration
The _______ is an organelle that functions in energy transformations within photosynthetic cells and consists of a series of flattened sacs stacked somewhat like pancakes or pita bread.
Chloroplast
Where can ribosomes be found?
Cytoplasm, Both prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells, mitochondria, And attached to endoplasmic recticulm.
The overall shape of an animal cell is determined by its
Cytoskeleton
The Nucleus contains?
DNA
Which is bigger Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes?
Eukaryotes
A large organelle that genetically controls a eukaryotic cell's activities is the
Nucleus
The rough ER is the portion of the ER that
Has ribosomes attached to it
Demosomes
Held neighboring cells together
Membrane-bound organelles are present in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes. These structures
Increase the efficiency of cellular activities in eukaryotes
Chloroplasts are the structures in which
Light energy is converted into chemical energy
Cells that are active in movement and growth and require a large amount of energy typically have large numbers or amounts of
Mitochondria
According to endosymbiotic theory, which subcellular structures were once independent prokaryotic organisms?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
Movement of water across membrane from area of low solute concentration to area of high solute concentration is
Osmosis
Plastids are found in ________ cells.
Photosynthetic
Ribosomes are made up of
RNA and proteins
The function of the nuclear pores is to
Regulate movement of materials across the nuclear membrane
A general function of all cellular membranes is to
Regulate which materials can enter or leave the cell
The cytosol and _______ are two components of the cytoplasm in a prokaryotic cell.
Ribosomes
Which is not a component of the endomembrane system?
Ribosomes
Steroids are synthesized by
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Which is a difference between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell?
The DNA in a prokaryotic cell is not enclosed in a membrane-bound nucleus
Though science fiction has produced stories like The Blob, we do not see many large, single-celled organisms. Which is a reason for the limitation to cell size?
The difficulty of moving molecules rapidly within a large cell
Microscopes must be used when?
To view all cells.
What does the Nucleolus do?
assembles ribosomes
movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
diffusion
permeable
does not allow certain molecules to pass and requires ATP.
What is homeostasis?
internal environment of a cell.
