BIO 112 Chapter 5

A cell with a 0.9% concentration of salt inside it is placed into a solution. The cell begins to swell. What is the possible concentration of the solution outside of the

0% NaCl

If a cell contains a 0.9% concentration of salt, but concentration is needed outside of the cell in order for it to be isotonic

0.9% NaCl

A cell with a 0.9% salt concentration is placed into a solution that causes it to shrink. Which of the following solutions would lead to water loss from the cell

5.0% NaCl

To change a lipid into a glycolipid, what structure needs to be added

A carbohydrate

The protein at the top of the black arrow that is attached to the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane and is called

A peripheral protein

The chemical responsible for opening the calcium channels that results in the burning sensation associated with hot peppers is called

Capsaicin

Which of the following would most easily pass through a cell membrane

Carbon dioxide molecule

Which of the following are true regarding carrier proteins

Carrier proteins aid in both facilitated transport and active transport, and carrier proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules

What functions do integrins serve in the extra cellular matrix

Cell-to-cell signaling

The carbohydrate that can be found in both the primary and secondary cell wall of plants is

Cellulose

Proteins that are involved in passive transport in passive transport of molecules through the cell membrane are called ____ protein

Channel

Match the following membrane proteins with the best description

Channel proteins: Allows a particular molecule or ion to cross the plasma membrane freely Carrier proteins: Selectively interacts with specific molecules so that it cannot cross the plasma membrane Junction proteins: Join cells together forming a tissue Enzymatic protein: Catalyzes a specific reaction in the membrane

When I system reaches equilibrium

Molecules are distributed equally

The shrinking of cells in salted meat is called

Crenation

The bursting of disruption of the cells membrane is called

Cytolysis

If a sheet of tissue is sturdy but flexible, which type of junction protein would likely be present

Desmosome

The type of junction found between cells in which internal cytoplasmic plaques attach to the intermediate filaments

Desmosome

The movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration is called

Diffusion

The phenomenon shown here is called

Diffusion

If salt diffuses from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, the salt is moving ____ it's concentration gradient

Down

Which two structural proteins generally make up the bulk of extracellular matrix

Elastin and collagen

____ involves the inward pinching of the plasma membrane to form a vesicle

Endocytosis

Which of the following are needed to complete active transport of molecules

Energy, plasma membrane, and carrier protein

Protein that catalyzes a specific metabolic reaction

Enzymatic protein

Which process uses a vesicle to move a substance out of a cell

Exocytosis

The movement of substances out of the sale five vesicles is called ____ where as the movement of substances into the cell by vesicles is called ____

Exocytosis and endocytosis

Which of these transport mechanisms are considered bulk transport

Exocytosis and endocytosis

Which process requires a carrier protein

Facilitated transport

True or false: once the concentration equilibrium is achieved molecules no longer move

False

True or false: the rate of diffusion is constant

False

The adhesive protein in the extracellular matrix that binds to integrin is called

Fibronectin

Which of the following is an adhesive protein that will bind to integrin

Fibronectin

The type of junction shown here is formed by membrane channels between adjacent cells. This is a type of ____ junction

Gap

Which of the following is an example of active transport

Glucose is absorbed in the gut, going from a lower to a higher concentration gradient

In animal cell membranes the "sugar coating" created by glycoproteins is also called the

Glycocalyx

A phospholipid with a carbohydrate chain attached would be called a

Glycolipid

The integral membrane protein indicated by the arrow is called a

Glycoprotein

Which type of molecule functions in sale recognition of invading pathogens

Glycoprotein

Proteins in the cell membranes that have carbohydrates chains attached are called

Glycoproteins

Which of the following is often the source of the vesicles used for exocytosis

Golgi body

The concentration of molecules or ions in a particular area as compared to another area is referred to as the concentration

Gradient

Molecules follow their concentration gradient and move from an area of ____ concentration to an area of ____ concentration

High to low

Amphipathic molecules contain both ____ and ____ regions

Hydrophobic and hydrophilic

A solution with a lower solute concentration than the inside of a cell will cause a cell to gain water by osmosis and is considered a ____ solution

Hypotonic

An increase in the amount of unsaturated fatty acid residues causes bilayer fluidity to

Increase

Which proteins plays a role in cell signaling

Integrin

In what way will cholesterol influence the cell membrane

It will modify the fluidity of the membrane?

Turgor pressure is created by the forces of the cell pushing against

It's cell wall

The substance that adds strength to the secondary cell walls of woody plants is called

Lignin

The sodium-potassium pulp uses a carrier protein, alternately moving ____ out of the cell and allowing ____ into the cell

Na+/K+

The transportation of large substances into the cell by the formation of a vesicle by the plasma membrane is a type of endocytosis called

Phagocytosis

Select the components of the plasma membrane as described by the fluid-mosaic model

Phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins

What makes receptor-mediated endocytosis different than the general process of pinocytosis

Pinocytosis is less selective

The structure shown here is the ____ consisting of a phospholipid bilayer

Plasma membrane

The intercellular junctions with narrow membrane lined channels that pass through the plant cell wall are called

Plasmodesmata

Placing a freshwater plant in salt water will cause it to undergo

Plasmolysis

The loss of water from the central vacuole of a plant cell causing it to shrink is called

Plasmolysis

Phospholipid membranes form bilayers because their ____ heads are attracted to water, and their ____ tails face away from water

Polar/ nonpolar

Select the primary components of the extracellular matrix

Polysaccharides and proteins

The plasma membrane components that can function as channels, carriers, receptors and enzymes are membrane ____

Proteins

The proteins that are associated with the cell membrane and bind to specific molecules in the environment, bringing out a cellular response are called ____ proteins

Receptor

The specialized transport of small particles bound to membrane proteins into the cell by formation of the a vesicle by the plasma membrane is called

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Specific needs of the body triggering vesicles to fuse with the plasma membrane it's called

Regulated secretion

Carrier proteins are involved in

Selectively transporting molecules through the membrane

Which of the following describes the types of molecules that most easily diffuse through the plasma membrane

Small, non charged molecule

The combination of a dilute and a solvent is called a

Solution

The liquid portion of a solution that serves to dissolve the solute is called the

Solvent

The plasma membrane is selectively permeable, allowing ____ substances to cross

Some

What role do proteoglycans play during development

The guide cell migration

Cell recognition proteins are involved in

The immune response

The type of junction shown here and which adjacent plasma membrane's join to form an impermeable barrier is called a ____ junction

Tight

Tissues that serve as barriers will exhibit which type of junction attachment

Tight junction

I solution with a high concentration of solute is said to have a high level of

Tonicity

True or false: the carbohydrate chain on a cells exterior are very diverse

True

To increase the fluidity of the phospholipid bilayer a chemist would need to increase the amount of ____ fatty acids on the phospholipids

Unsaturated

Which of the following methods is used during the process of water transport to move macromolecules into and out of the

Vesicle formation

To transport large substances in and out of the sale, structures called ____ are made by the cell

Vesicles

Osmosis is a special type of diffusion. It refers to the diffusion of ____ across a selectively permeable membrane

Water

Which of the following best explains why they hypotonic solution causes the cell to swell

Water moves into the cell

Which cellular feature explains why water would enter I sell more rapidly than other molecules

Water passes through aquaporins on the cell membrane, allowing it to move rapidly into the cells