Bio 129 Anatomy Final

A _________ is a type of joint in which two bones are held together by a disc of fibrocartilage.

A. Symphysis

A function of fibroblasts is to

A. Produce he protein fibers found in the matrix of connective tissue

A _____ section of the body or organ would reveal its right and left side.

A. Sagittal

The integument consists of which of the following?

A. Skin and subcutaneous layer

Most specifically, the heart is located in the

A. Pericardial cavity

The narrow strip of epidermis found on the surface of the proximal border of a nail is called

A, Eponychium (cuticle)

Put the following in correct order for endochondrial ossification. Long Paragraph.

A. 1,3,4,2,5,7,6

Which of the following statements about the classification of glandular epithelium is true?

A. A simple gland is one that has an unbranched duct

Which of the following is a vascularized tissue?

A. Adipose Tissue

Normal bone growth and replacement depend on the presence of

A. All of these choices

Which joint allows a gliding movement to occur?

A. Between carpal bones

The hardness of bone is due to crystallized inorganic mineral salts such as calcium phosphate. The flexibility and tensile strength of bone are due to organic molecules such as collagen fibers,

A. Both statements are true.

Which of the following would take the longest time to heal?

A. Cartilage

Epithelial tissues can be classified into various categories according to:

A. Cell shape and number of layers

What anatomical structure is being described using the following anatomical terms: medial to the ear; lateral to the nose; inferior to the eyes; and superior to the maxillary?

A. Cheek (buccal)

Fibrous connective tissue firmly hold the articular surfaces of bones together in

A. Fibrous joins

In the anatomical position, the palms of the hands face:

A. Forward

The areas between neighboring osteons contain

A. Interstitial lamellae

Which of the following statements about stratified squamous epithelium is true?

A. It consists of two or more layers of cells

A characteristic of osteocytes is that they

A. Maintain the daily metabolism of bone tissue

Food proteins are broken down into amino acids, building blocks hat can then be used to build new proteins that make up muscles and bones. This is a good example of what human life process?

A. Metabolism

The membrane covering the outer surface of the lungs is called the

A. Parietal Pleura

If a joint is enclosed in a tough connective tissue capsule and if it contains a joint cavity, it is classified as.

A. Synovial

Which joint shows the motions called elevation and depression?

A. Temporomandibular

Which of the following statements is false?

A. The diaphragm separates the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity

Which one of the following is a characteristic of spongy bone tissue, but not of compact bone tissue?

A. Trabeculae

The thinnest-walled blood vessels in the body are

A. capillaries

The nutrient artery of a long bone

A. divides into branches that supply the marrow and the inner portion of the diaphysis

The epiphyseal plate is

A. in a young bone, the site of growth in length

The femur and humerus contain

A. red bone marrow in the proximal epiphysis

The primary type of movement permitted at a pivot joint is

A. rotation

The surfaces of the bones at a gliding joint perform the movement(s) of

A. side-to-side movement

The layers of an artery wall that is/are responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation is/are the:

A. tunica externa

Which of the following are true of yellow bone marrow? Long paragraph proceeds.

B. 1 and 2

Epithelial tissue forms part of which layer(s) of an artery wall?

B. 1 only

Blood flows through the following vessels in what order?

B. 1,4,2,5

Which of the following terms could describe a joint at which flexion and extension are the only movements?

B. 2 and 3

Which type of muscle tissue is involuntary and contains desmosomes and gap junctions in structures called intercalated discs?

B. Cardiac

The tissue that contains erythrocytes, leukocytes, and plasma belongs to which tissue group?

B. Connective Tissue

Which of the following terms best describes a bluish skin color most likely resulting from an inadequate amount of oxygen circulating in the blood?

B. Cyanosis

Tattoos are created by injecting ink with a needle into the _________

B. Dermis

Which type of joint has the most movement?

B. Diarthrosis

Which joint shows a hinge motion?

B. Elbow joint

Which of the following is a false statement about epithelium?

B. Epithelial tissue is a highly vascular tissue

An epithelial membrane consists of

B. Epithelium plus connective tissue

The flexible connective tissue that joins the anterior extremity of a rib to the breast bone (sternum) is

B. Hyaline cartilage

Materials move between capillary blood and interstitial fluid through

B. Intercellular clefts

Growth in length as a long bone develops is called ____________ growth.

B. Interstitial

The word that best describes the position of the gallbladder relative to the appendix is

B. Ipsilateral

Which is the most common type of exocrine gland?

B. Merocrine glands

The two organ systems that have the primary responsibility for regulating body activities are

B. Nervous and Endocrine

Osteocytes are the mature bone cells that develop directly from

B. Osteoblasts

Activity of which of these cells is responsible for the remodeling of the bony callus as the final step in fracture repair?

B. Osteoclasts

The membrane covering the outer surface of the heart is a ___________ membrane.

B. Serous

Microvilli are most likely to be found in which type of tissue?

B. Simple columnar epithelium

The action that moves the palm of the hand into anatomical position is

B. Supination

Melanocytes synthesize melanin from which amino acid?

B. Tyrosine

An osteon (haversian system) is

B. a structural unit of compact bone

The four basic types of tissues in the body are

B. connective, muscle, nervous, epithelial

A major change in bone tissue that occurs with aging and that leads to increased brittleness is

B. decreased production of collagen

Intramembraneous ossification is the process that

B. produces flat bones like the cranium

Cardiac muscle cells (fibers) have the following anatomical characteristics

C. Striations

Together, the skin, hair, nails, glands, and associated muscles and nerve are an example of a/an:

C. System

The articular cartilage....

C. 3 and 4 only

What bone disorder is best described as inadequate calcification of the extracellular matrix, usually caused by a vitamin D deficiency?

C. All of these

In which type of exocrine glands are portions of cells containing secretions pinched off from the main cell body?

C. Apocrine glands

Calluses form in areas that

C. Are subject to friction

Contraction of the ___________ cause(s) "goose bumps"

C. Arrector pilli muscle

Which of the following statements about aging and joints is false?

C. Articular cartilage thickens

The central canal of the bone contain

C. Blood vessels and nerves

The central canal is in the....?

C. Center of the osteon

Functions of the skeletal system do NOT include

C. Control of body temperature

The ability of skin to stretch and recoil is due to the presence of ________ in the ______.

C. Elastic fibers, dermis

Cell junctions that are little tunnels made of connexin connecting two cells are

C. Gap junctions

The transformation of a single fertilized human egg cell into a unique individual is a good example of what human life process?

C. Growth and Development

Which of the following is not true of periosteum?

C. It covers and protects the bone

Which of the following statements about skin color is false?

C. Melanin is produced in the organelles of epithelial cells and hen migrates to the hypodermis

Canaliculi allow nutrients to diffuse to mature bone cells located within lacunae of the osteon. Which of the following are those mature bone cells?

C. Osteocytes

Which of the following is not related to bone?

C. Perichondrium

The greatest amount of keratin is found where?

C. Stratum corneum

An accident report submitted by an officer who is a former anatomy student contains the following statement: "The victim suffered a severe blow to the mental region." This means..

C. The victim was struck on the chin

As keratinocytes move to the surface

C. They eventually die and are sloughed off

A lamella is

C. a ring of matrix

Articular discs of synovial joins

C. are found in the space between the ends of the bones

The levels of structural organization from least complex to most complex are as follows:

C. chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system

Elastic arteries

C. include the largest diameter arteries in the body

A good description of a medullar (marrow) cavity is that it

C. is a region of bone that contains yellow bone marrow

All three types of fibers (collagen, elastic, and reticular) are found in which of the following tissues?

D. Areolar connective tissue

The kidney is __________ to the stomach

D. Dorsal

The matrix of loose connective tissue is produced by

D. None of these

Concerning diarthroses, one may speculate that as mobility increase, __________ decreases.

D. Stability

The strength of the diaphysis of a long bone is due to 1. he presence of compact bone 2. the longitudinal orientation of the osteons 3. the presence of trabeculae.

D. 1 and 2 are both correct

Cells in the deepest layer of the epidermis divide to produce all other epidermal cells. From deepest to most superficial... CLGSB

D. 2,1,5,4,3

Name the two most specific body cavities that would be sectioned if a transverse plane were passed through the umbilicus.

D. Abdominal and vertebral

Nervous tissue

D. All of the above

Skeletal muscle fibers (cells) have the following anatomical characteristics

D. All of the above

Connective tissue may contain:

D. All of these

Appearance of the epiphyseal line means

D. All of these choices

Epiphyseal plates of growing bones may be classified as

D. All of these choices

Functions of the skin include:

D. All of these choices

What structure(s) of the synovial joint absorb(s) shock from external forces that are placed on it?

D. All of these choices

Which of the following is found in the stratum basale?

D. All of these choices

Which of the following statements about joint classification is true?

D. All of these choices

Serous membranes are associated with the

D. All of theses (pleural cavity, thoracic cavity, mediastinum)

A good description of a nutrient foramen is that it

D. Allows blood vessels and nerves to penetrate compact bone

A characteristic of osteoclasts is that they

D. Are responsible for the destruction (reabsorption) of the matrix and the release of calcium into the bloodstream

Spongy bone is located

D. all of these choices

Structures that are most responsible for holding bones together at a synovial join are

D. ligaments

Abundant capillary networks are located in

D. liver

A difference between veins and arteries is:

D. the tunica interna and tunica media are thinner in veins than in arteries

Which joint could be called a saddle joint?

E. Between trapezium and first metacarpal

Which of the following is an organic part of bone matrix that gives bone its flexibility and tensile strength?

E. Collagen

A good description of a ball-and-socket joint is

E. the only synovial joint that allows triaxial movement