bio 140 final

the acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges AMDR suggest that one conume_____ of energy from proteins

10-35%

the safe minimum internal temperature for fish and shellfish is _____

145

age can influence basal metabolic rate (BMR) and after the age of 30, BMR tends to decrease by about _____ each decade

2-5%

adam is a 22 year old male. he weighs 180 lbs and is 71 inches what is adams BMI

25kg/m2 (703x [180/71 sq])

the FDA recommends that hommade apple cider be heated for

30 min at 155

in adults approximately _____ of total body weight is composed of water

50-70%

subcutaneous adipose tissue SCAT constitutes approximately _____ of fat in the body and is located directly under the skin

85%

which of the following is true of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus MRSA

MRSA infection cannot be treated effectively by antibiotics

unlike nonheme iron, heme iron is

a part of hemoglobin and myoglobin

which of the following is true of the recommended intake of manganese

a tolerable upper intake level of 11mg/day has been established

_______is a temporary expenditure of energy that enables the body to adjust to changes in the environment and physiological conditions

adaptive thermogenesis

regina a 43 year old woman, consumes a handful of peanuts without noticing that some of the peanuts had a mold grown on them. a week later she starts vomiting and suffers from abdominal discomfort. clinical diagnosis reveals that her liver is showing signs of damage. in this scenario, regina is most likely infected by

aflatoxin

_______ is a hormone produced by the adrenal gland in response to low blood pressure

aldosterone

brad, a 31 year old mas suffers from bloody diarrhea and fever. he is diagnosed with a serious condition of food poisoning caused by a pathogen that has severely infected his intestine. in this case, which of the following types of pathogens has caused the infection

an enterhohemorrhagic pathogen

which of the following is an example of a norovirus infection

andre suffers from nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramping two days after ingesting contaminated food

steve, a 32 year old man suffers from liver damage. clinical examination reveals that it was caused by a toxin produced from a certain type of mold. steve always consumes home cooked food and it has been over eight years since he ate from a restauraunt. steves staple diet includes rice and veggies from his farm. in this scenario, steve is infected by _____

aspergillus

a person can safely reduce weight by

being physically active throughout the day

the deficiency of thiamin causes a condition known as______

beriberi

since the enactment of ______ additional regulations have been approved to help ensure that foods grown and produced in the united states or abroad cannot be tampered with

bioterrorism act

scurvy is characterized by

bleeding gums skin irritations, bruising and poor wound healing

which of the following is a difference between natural energy balance and positive energy balance

body wight is relatively stable during neutral energy balance, whereas body weight increases during positive energy balance

the majority of magnesium in the body is found in

bones

which of the following is a similarity between chromium and manganese

both are absorbed very little by the body regardless of their intake

which of the following is a similarity between the vitamins biotin and menaquinone

both are produced by bacteria in the large intestine

sonia, a seven yer old girl suffers from vimiting diarrhea, blurred vision, slurred speech, and dry mouth. she had consumed canned beans the previoius day. she is infected by a bacterium contaminating inadequatly processed low acid commercial canned food. in this scenario, sonia most likely suffers from

botulism

which of the following foods can be recommended to a person who wants to increase intake of vitamin K?

broccoli

which of the following foods are good sources of carotenoids

carrots and peppers

shellfish poisoning occurs because

certain marine animals consume alagae that produce toxic compounds

________ is a hormone secreted by the small intestine that provides powerful satiety cues

cholecystokinin

________ is a trace mineral that may be critical to proper insulin functions

chromium

the process by which blood clots form is known as

coagulation

_______ is a rare but fatal disease caused by a genetic mutation or exposure to prions during surgery

creutzfeldt-jakob disease

which of the following are dietary sources of potassium

dairy products

the decline in the secretion of growth hormone after age 30 at a rate of about 1% per year can over time contribute to

decreased muscle size and strength

which of the following methods of measuring body composition displays a two dimensional image of the body on a computer screen?

dual-energy x ray absorptiometry

which of the following is caused by chromium deficiency

elevated blood glucose levels

in the context of vision, one of the differences between rod cells and cone cells is that unlike rod cells, the cone cells

enable you to see color

e coli is an

enterohemorrhagic pathogen

which of the following statements is true of fluoride

excess fluoride is excreted in the urine

________ is a protein complex that stores iron and releases it only when it is needed

ferritin

gastric distention occurs when

food accumulates in the stomach causing the stomach walls to stretch

which of the following statements is true of the regulation of iodine in the body

iodine not needed by the body is excreted in urine

which of the following statements is true of chromium toxicity

it affects people who are exposed to high levels of industrially released chromium

the FDA requires food manufacturers to label all foods that contain at least 10 ppm of sulfites because

it causes breathing difficulties in some people who are consumed

identify a true statement about irridation

it does not make foods radioactive

which of the following best defines exercise

it is a planned, strucutred, and repetitive body movement done to improve or maintain physical fitness

which of the following statements is true of fluorosis

it is a special concern in small children

which of the following is true of panthoghenic acid

it is destroyed at high temperatures

which of the following is true of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT)

it is found directly underneath the skin

which of the following is an accurate statement about clostridium botulinum

it is found mainly in inadequatly processed low-acid home canned foods

which of the following is true of hyperplastic growth

it leads to the increase number of adipocytes

which of the following is true of negative energy balace

it occurs duirng periods of increased energy expenditure

dichloro-diphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was banned in the united states in 1972 because

it was found to damage wildlife

in the context of james LInd's experiment, which of the following foods can prevent scurvy

lemons

severe folate deficiency causes a condition called

megaloblastic, macrocytic anemia

_______ is an essential trace mineral that is a cofactor for several important metalloenzymes needed for protein metabolism

molybdenum

______ is a transport protein that binds to copper and transports it in the blood

myoglobin

very high intakes of panthothenic acid can cause____

nausea and diarrhea

regina a 43 year old woman consumes a handful of peanuts without noticing that some of the peanuts had mold growing on them. a week later, she starts vomiting and suffers from abdominal discomfort. clinical diagnosis reveals that her livers shows signs of damage. regina is most likely infected bya

neurotoxin

which of the following is true of hunger

neurotransmitters from the hypothalamus promote hunger

which of the following vitamin deficiencies causes pellagra

niacin deficiency

a key recommendation in the 2015 dietary guideline for americans is for people to develop eating patterns that emphasize a variety of ____ within all food groups, but at an appropriate level of calories

nutrient-dense foods

which of the following foods can be recommended to increase vitamin E intake

nuts

the maximum refrigerator storage time PRIOR to cooking POULTRY is_____

one or two days

the release of _____ is stimulated by low blood calcium, which in turn stimulates the conversion of 25(OH) D# to calcitrol in the kidneys

parathyroid hormone

which of the following is true of BMR

people with more muscle have higher BMRs than people with more body fat

which of the following is a guideline for the fightBAC campaign

periodically sanitize counters with a solution of liquid chlorine bleach

susan, a 16 year old girl , consumes steak from a fast food center. later that day, she experienced abdominal discomfort, vomiting, and diarrhea. in this scenario, susan most likely contracted an infection from an

preformed toxin

the project genome tracker is established to:

produce detailed information about the genetics of the most common foodborne pathogens

unlike clostridium botulinum, a norovirus

produces enteric toxins

the process of fermentation minimizes the growth of pathogenic organisms by

promoting the growth of nonpathogenic organisms

individuals who want to decrease their own exposure to bisphenol (BPA) should

refrain from heating plastics in the microwave

_______ is a physiological response whereby a person feels that enough food has been consumed

satiety

which of the following is a trace mineral?

selenium

_________ is a date placed on a products label to assist a grocer in knowing when the food should be removed from the display

sell by date

cheilosis, a symptom of ariboflavinosis is characterized by

sores on the outside and corners of the lips

which of the following is true of the symptoms of staphyloccocus aureus contamination

symptoms typically occur within 1-6 hours of the contaminated foods consumption

which of the following statements is true of magnesium

the tolerable upper intake level for magnesium is 350mg/day for adults

which of the following is true of use by dates

they are suggested dates until which quality and flavor of the food is best

which of the following is a characteristic of preformed toxins

they cause rapid reactions occurring in 1-6 hours

which of the following is true of condensation reactions

they join molecules together and through the formation of a chemical bond

which of the following is true of neurotransmitters

they play an important role in the long term regulation of bodyweight

both hyperkeratosis and xerophthalmia are caused by

vitamin a deficiency

which of the following can be classified as a physical activity

walking up the stairs

which of the following is a way to reduce ones exposure to bisphenol A BPA

wash plastic containers by hand instead of in the dishwasher

which of the following is a true statement related to healthy food choices that lead to weight loss

healthy eating requires a person to pay attention to hunger and satiety cues

osteoblasts are bone cells that

help maintain stable bone mass

_______ is a method of estimating body composition that requires a person to exhale air from the lungs and be submerged in water

hydrostatic weighing

excess vitamin D can cause _______ that is associated with kidney stone formation and renal failure

hypercalciruia

_________ is a condition caused by vitamin A deficiency

hyperkeratosis