Bio 1500 lab quiz questions

what determines resolution

- visual acuity - magnification - lens diameter - lens quality

what are the steps to identify DNA from samples/organisms

1. DNA isolation 2. PCR amplification 3. Gel electrophoresis of PCR products 4. analysis. of gel results

Steps of the Scientific Method

1. make observations/ask questions 2. developing hypotheses 3. design an experiment and test 4. analyze results 5. repeat

What voltage is gel electrophoresis run at

100V

What is the optimal temperature for most enzymes

20 to 40 degrees Celsius

How long is gel electrophoresis typically run for

30 minutes

How much ATP is generated by the complete oxidization of pyruvate into CO2 and H2O via aerobic respiration

36-38

You are using a compound microscope and you have the objective lens set to 40x. What is the total magnification you are using to view the specimen

400X

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2O + light --> C6H12O6 + 6O2

What is used to compare observed ratios for a given cross compare with predicted ratios

Chi-square analysis (χ2)

Annealing

DNA primers hybridize to the DNA strand

Extension

DNA strand elongates with DNA polymerase

__________ is more resistant than ___________ to processing and can be extracted from highly processed foods, making it a better option for identifying GM in food

DNA, proteins

What number do chromosomes of somatic cells contain

Diploid number (2n)

Name the two types of peas that we will be working with in the cellular respiration lab

Dormant peas and germinating peas

Denaturation

Double stranded DNA melts to single stranded DNA

What is the test that can be used to detect proteins that are produced in GM crops

ELISA

what is the first offspring produced from a monohybrid cross is called what

F1 generation

Who is known as the 'founder' of genetics

Gregor Mendel

What micropipette(s) could be used to measure out 175μL of liquid

P1000 P200

PSII specialized pigment molecules

P680

PSI specialized pigment molecules

P700

what is it called when an enzyme's reaction rate doubles for every 10 degree Celsius increase in temperature

Q10 effect

What does homozygous mean

When the same pair of alleles composes a trait

the independent variable goes on what axis on a graph

X-axis

the dependent variable goes on what axis on a graph

Y-axis

what are autosomes

chromosomes 1-22

what is the second phase of photosynthesis

dark reaction

What is the order of steps for PCR amplification

denaturation, annealing, extension

ECT substrate

electrons

Which has a smaller wavelength: electrons or visible light

electrons

The act of placing genes for selected traits directly into crop plants is a form of genetic modification known as what

genetic transformation

What is the genetic composition of an organism called

genotype

What is the end product of photosynthesis (for the plant)

glucose

what is the hypothesis that states there will be no difference in the outcome of the experiment

null hypothesis

The movement of water molecules from a region of high free water concentration to a region of low free water concentration is known as what

osmosis

Tonicity is the measure of what

osmotic pressure

What is the enzyme was used in the properties of enzymes lab

pNPP

What is the in vitro substrate for alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

pNPP

DNA from Bacillus thuringiensis is incorporated into the genomes of crops to make them

pest resistant

What is the appearance of a particular trait called

phenotype

ALP catalyzes the hydrolysis of _______________ attached to proteins or lipids

phosphate groups

What macromolecule is an enzyme classified as

protein

what is the difference between dialysis tubing and real cell membranes

real membranes are more selective

Blue-colored objects absorb which wavelength of light the most

red

uniformity

sameness, what we learn today will be true tomorrow

What color did pNP turn

yellow

does fermentation generate energy

yes

does moving molecules against their concentration gradient require energy

yes

What happens when light hits the chloroplasts

- DPIP will be reduced - DPIP will change from blue to colorless - there will be an increase in light transmittance

At which stages of aerobic cellular respiration are ATP produced

- Kreb's cycle - Glycolysis - chemiosmosis

When leaf pigments absorb light, electrons are boosted to a higher energy level, providing energy to what

- produce ATP - reduce NADP+

What factors determine how fast water moves across a membrane

- solute concentration - hydrostatic pressure

100μL is equivalent to how many mL

0.1 mL

Ocular lenses found in most compound light microscopes a magnification of..?

10X

What type of buffer is used to run gel electrophoresis

TAE

Beer-Lambert Law

The linear relationship between the concentration of a colored solution and its light absorbance

your heart rate, or pulse, is the number of times your heart _____

beats per minute

CO2 is converted into a stable organic compound through a process known as what

carbon fixation

The process by which organisms chemically oxidize organic compounds as a means of generating ATP is what

cellular respiration

What color-producing chemical is used to determine the concentration of glucose solutions through absorbance readings

chromogen

If you were given a sample of bacteria to analyze, which microscope would be best for quickly identifying the specimen

compound

In prokaryotic cells, catabolism of pyruvate takes place in the __________________. Whereas, in eukaryotic cells, it occurs in the _________________________.

cytoplasm, mitochondria

glycolysis substrate

glucose

DNA Polymerase is derived from a bacterium that lives in

high temperature steam vents

the variable that is manipulated or varied by the researcher in an experiment

independent variable

There is a(n) __________ relationship between the color of a solution and the wavelength of light it best absorbs

inverse

what is the first phase of photosynthesis

light reactions

What will happen when a red blood cell is placed in distilled water

lysis will occur

Can dominant alleles be masked by recessive alleles

no

can a denatured enzyme catalyze a chemical reaction

no

can only glucose by broken down to generate ATP

no

can plant cells burst when placed in solutions of varying tonicity

no

do dissecting microscopes allow for a higher magnification than compound microscopes

no

does a specimen under an electron microscope have to be living

no

does enzyme activity typically occur within a very broad pH range

no

does simple diffusion require energy input

no

is photosynthesis a catabolic process

no

Large complexes of proteins and pigments (light-absorbing molecules) that are optimized to harvest light are called what

photosystems

What does a scanning electron microscope (SEM) do

produce 3-D images of the surface of objects

Kreb's cycle substrate

pyretic acid/pyruvate

parsimony

simplest explanation for how things work is usually the best

what molecules can diffuse through a cell membrane

small molecules

What is the name of the machine we will use in today's lab to measure the amount of light that is absorbed by a solution

spectrophotometer

Primers serve as _________ for amplifying the target region of the DNA to be copied

start and stop points

During the dark reactions, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is brought into the leaf through tiny pores called what

stomata

What will happen when a red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution

the cell becomes shriveled

What will happen when a red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution

the cell expands

What will happen when a red blood cell is placed in a isotonic solution

the cell remains the same

What happens if either the enzyme or substrate is limited

the enzyme's reaction rate will remain constant

What is the P generation

the first set of parents crossed

Many species are unable to utilize oxygen as a final electron acceptor during cellular respiration due to what

the lack of ETC proteins, lack of oxygen in the environment, lack of enzymes needed to inactivate free radicals

similarity of causation

two experiments conducted in exactly the same way will have the same results

Flexibility

we have to be able to change our minds about long-held and/or well-supported ideas and theories one new data become available that challenge or falsify what we think we know about how things work in the universe

Objectivity

we should avoid letting our prior knowledge, prejudices, and biases influence how we collect and analyze the data

What is your resting heart rate

when your heart is pumping the least amount of blood and when your heart is at its slowest

Are potential allergic reactions to novel proteins and Antibiotic resistance from selectable markers are major arguments against/concerns associated with the GMO industry

yes

In the United States, do genetically modified food have to be labeled as such

yes

do you have to heat up the agarose to dissolve it

yes

does aerobic respiration yield more ATP than anaerobic respiration

yes