Bio 183 Exam 1

where do you find carbohydrates in the cell

mitochondria

Unsaturated

1 or more double bonds

In skill cell from your favorite pet, how many different amino acids would you expect to find?

20

Teritary

3-dimensional shape of polypeptide chain

DNA nucleotides

A,G,C,T

RNA nucleotides

A,G,C,U

Explain why all eukaryotic cells evolved to reach a maximum size of approximately 100 um. In other words, explain why the cells that you would find in whale tissue are not significantly different in the size from the cells that you would find in mouse tissue.

All eukaryotic cells evolved tor reach a maximum size of approximately 100m because the cells need to keep a smaller surface area to volume ratio. This smaller ratio is important because if a cell is too large chemical processes such as diffusion would not occur fast enough . Cells must remain smaller to maintain optimal surface area: volume ratio. ex) a 3D cube

Be able to name the parts of the cell and describe what each of the parts do.

Rough ER, Smooth ER, Golgi Apparatus, Mitochondria, Vesicle, Nucleus, DNA ,Cell Wall, Chloroplasts

a) fructose

Which of the following is/are monosaccharides? a) fructose b) sucrose c) lactose d) cellulose e) both B and C are monosaccharides

In skeletal muscles, calcium pumps hydrolyze ATP in order to transport calcium against its concentration gradient, from the cytosol into the sarcoplasmic reticulum (a specialized form of endoplasmic reticulum). This is an example of : a) active transport b) osmosis c) passive diffusion d) facilitated diffusion

a) active transport

where do you find phospholipids in the cell

all organelles

NH2 is a(an) .......

amino group

Quatemary

assembly of subunits into functional protein

Which of the following structures/molecules would least likely be found in/on a bacterium? a) DNA b) a chloroplast c) a cell wall d) ribosomes e) neither A nor C are found in prokaryotes

b) a chloroplast

The plasma membrane is best described as: a) a double layer of proteins that is impermeable to water, but allows free movement of ions b) a double membrane of phospholipids arranged in a fluid-mosaic of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates c) a still double membrane composed of phospholipids, proteins and nucleic acids d) a double layer made entirely of glycoproteins, glycolipids , and cholesterol e) none of the above

b) a double membrane of phospholipids arranged in a fluid-mosaic of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates

Which of the following polysaccharides are you most likely to find in the exoskeleton of a locust (grasshopper)? a) glycogen b) chitin c) starch d) cellulose

b) chitin

In eukaryotes, endocytosed solid particles are broken into smaller subunits by: a) vacuoles b) lysosomes c) endoplasmic reticulum d) golgi apparatus

b) lysosomes

Which of the following factors contribute significantly to high membrane fluidity? a) long fatty acyl chains on phospholipids b) presence of double bonds in the fatty acyl chains c) low temperature d) presence of leak channels in the membrane

b) presence of double bonds in the fatty acyl chains

The outer structure of Gram positive bacteria is made mainly of a) polysaccharides b) cellulose c) pepitoglycan d) chitin e) proteins

c) pepitoglycan

Which of the following statements is false regarding DNA and RNA? a) DNA is mostly double-stranded while RNA is mostly single-stranded b) RNA is compose entirely of nucleotides c) the 2 purines found in DNA are adenine and cytosine d) mRNA is only found in eukaryotes

c) the 2 purines found in DNA are adenine and cytosine

What could be said about a tomato skin that is placed in deionized water for an extended period of time? a) the cell is placed into a hypertonic environment and is likely to crenate b) the cell is placed in an isotonic environment and will remain unaffected c) the cell is placed in a hypotonic environment is likely to lyse (to cause dissolution or destruction of cells) d) we cannot answer this question without additional information regarding tomato skin cells

c) the cell is placed in a hypotonic environment is likely to lyse (to cause dissolution or destruction of cells)

If you discovered a new protein made of a series of alpha-helical motifs attached back to back. What would this information suggest to you? a) the protein is most likely hydrophillic b) the protein is likely to be 4-5 amino acids long c) the protein is likely to be found embedded in some membrane d) the protein exists only in a primary structure e) none of the above can be deduced from the information given

c) the protein is likely to be found embedded in some membrane

The liver is heavily involved in detoxifying the blood? Based on this statement, which of the following characteristics would you expect to best describe hepatocytes=liver cells): a) absence of Golgi Apparatus b) very large nucleus c) very large smooth endoplasmic reticulum d) absence of lysosomes e) high concentration of mitochondria

c) very large smooth endoplasmic reticulum

During a dehydration synthesis reaction, the _______________ group of one amino acid reacts with the ___________________ group of the other.

carboxyl; amino

triglycerides

composed of 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids

The cytoskeleton is composed of which of the following (in order of smallest to largest size): a) protein, small bones, and cartilage b) actin filaments, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments c) Microtubules, , intermediate filaments, and actin filaments d) actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules e) flagella, microtubules, and actin filaments

d) actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules

In plant cells, most of the ATP to be used by the cells is produced by which of the following? a) the smooth ER b) chloroplasts c) the rough ER d) mitochondria e) none of the above

d) mitochondria

A peptide bond is created during a chemical reaction known as _____________________.

dehydration synthesis

Which of the following is true regarding your mitochondrial DNA? a) it is almost identical to your mother's mitochondrial DNA b) it is virtually identical in all the cells of your body c) it is almost identical to your father's mitochondrial DNA d) in any cell of your body, it is nearly identical to your genomic DNA (the one found in the nucleus) e) both A and B are correct

e) both A and B are correct

Which of the following is accurate regarding the disaccharide lactose? a) lactose is a protein, not a disaccharide! b) lactose is composed of galactose and glucose c) lactose is composed of galactose and fructose d) lactose is a sugar found in milk and some of its derivatives e) both answers B and D are correct

e) both answers B and D are correct

hydrophilic

heads point outward (lipid head)

spirrillum

hellical shaped

Secondary

hydrogen bonding within peptide backbone (ex: a-helix)

"OH" is a .........

hydroxyl group

Primary

linear sequence of amino acids

lipids

loosely defined groups of molecules with one main chemical characteristic -they are insoluble in water

Which placed in water, phospholipids tend to spontaneously arrange themselves in spherical structures known as ____________________.

micolles

resolution

minimum distance two points can be apart and still be distinguished as two separate point

The type of bond that is created between these 2 amino acid is known as a _________________ bond

peptide

Bacillus

rod shaped

coccus

spherical

hydrophobic

tails point inward toward each other (lipid tail)

unsaturated at room temperature....

will be more of a liquid