Biology Study Guide

List the levels of organization of the body from simple to complex. 1. organ system 2. organism 3. tissue 4. organ 5. cell A) 5, 3, 4, 1, 2 B) 5, 2, 4, 1, 3 C) 2, 4, 5, 1, 3 D) 2, 4, 1, 3, 5 E) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,

A) 5, 3, 4, 1, 2

Which of the following is NOT true of a negative-feedback mechanism? A) The deviation from normal is made larger. B) The change from the set point is made smaller. C) They are important for maintenance of homeostasis. D) Most control mechanisms in the body are of this type. E) Blood pressure maintenance is an example of negative-feedback.

A) The deviation from normal is made larger.

Pulmonary arteries take A) O2-poor blood to the right atrium. B) O2-poor blood to the lungs. C) O2-rich blood to the lungs. D) O2-poor blood to the body. E) O2-rich blood to the body

B) O2-poor blood to the lungs.

In the figure shown here, the letter "A" represents A) a column. B) a renal pyramid. C) a renal pelvis. D) a nephron. E) the cortex.

B) a renal pyramid.

In the figure shown here, the blood in the chamber indicated by the arrow marked with "X" A) will all be pumped to the systemic capillaries of the body. B) is rich in oxygen. C) is a mixture of O2-poor and O2-rich blood. D) is poor in oxygen. E) will all be pumped to the lungs.

C) is a mixture of O2-poor and O2-rich blood.

The ________ system is the only system in which there are different organs in males and females. A) muscular B) cardiovascular C) reproductive D) digestive E) integumentary

C) reproductive

What is the distinctive characteristic of connective tissue? A) contractile ability B) presence of axons C) being hard and mineralized D) presence of a matrix E) flat, interconnected cells

D) presence of a matrix

Which substances do not exit the capillary in order to enter the tissue fluid? A) water B) amino acids C) oxygen D) red blood cells E) glucose

D) red blood cells

The respiratory system would respond to a change in A) the body's fluid levels. B) blood sugar levels. C) body temperature. D) oxygen levels only. E) oxygen and carbon dioxide levels.

E) oxygen and carbon dioxide levels.

The portion of whole blood indicated by the C in the figure shown here A) represents 55% of the sample and is composed of plasma. B) represents 60% of the sample and is composed of erythrocytes. C) represents 60% of the sample and is composed of leukocytes and platelets. D) represents 45% of the sample and is composed of plasma. E) represents 45% of the sample and is composed of erythrocytes.

E) represents 45% of the sample and is composed of erythrocytes.

Increasing the size of the thoracic cavity through contraction of the diaphragm and rib muscles causes A) an inhalation. B) positive pressure in the lungs. C) an exhalation. D) swallowing. E) coughing.

A) an inhalation.

Which of the following is an incorrect match? A) columnar epithelium - forms outer layers of skin B) cuboidal epithelium - lines kidney tubules C) transitional epithelium - lines the bladder D) squamous epithelium - lines blood vessels E) pseudostratified epithelium - lines the trachea

A) columnar epithelium - forms outer layers of skin

Columnar cells with small projections called microvilli which line the intestine are a type of A) epithelial tissue. B) nervous tissue. C) muscle tissue. D) connective tissue. E) squamous tissue.

A) epithelial tissue.

Which of the following is not true about epithelial tissue? A) generally one cell layer thick B) contains cube shaped cells C) allows for gas exchange in the lungs D) covers body surfaces E) stores energy

A) generally one cell layer thick

White blood cells are different from red blood cells in that white blood cells A) have nuclei. B) are the most plentiful type of cell in blood. C) carry oxygen. D) are actually cell fragments. E) contain hemoglobin.

A) have nuclei.

Blood in veins A) is moved toward the heart by skeletal muscle contraction. B) is usually high in oxygen. C) is moved away from the heart by skeletal muscle contraction. D) is moved away from the heart with the help of the valves within the veins. E) is moved by the contraction of the muscles in the walls of the veins.

A) is moved toward the heart by skeletal muscle contraction.

In which structure does urine formation begin? A) nephron capsule B) distal tubule C) collecting duct D) nephron loop E) proximal tubule

A) nephron capsule

Which cell type supports and nourishes the neurons? A) neuroglia B) axon C) platelets D) dendrites E) epithelial cells

A) neuroglia

A four chambered heart, veins, arteries, and capillaries are found in A) some closed circulatory systems. B) some open circulatory systems. C) all open circulatory systems. D) all closed circulatory systems. E) mammals only.

A) some closed circulatory systems.

In the cardiac cycle, the diastole is A) the relaxation of heart muscle. B) the contraction of the ventricles. C) the closing of the atrioventricular valves. D) the opening of the semilunar valves. E) the contraction of the atria.

A) the relaxation of heart muscle.

Which of the following is a function of the blood? A) transports nutrients B) stores fat C) produces mucus D) lines body cavities E) moves the body

A) transports nutrients

In hemodialysis, wastes normally collected by the kidney A) are pumped through a series of filters. B) diffuse through artificial or natural semi-permeable membranes. C) are actively transported through natural membranes in the abdomen. D) are diluted by a transfusion of blood lower in wastes. E) are diluted by adding dialysate from bags attached to the abdomen.

B) diffuse through artificial or natural semi-permeable membranes

In animals with four-chambered hearts, the left ventricle A) is larger as it pumps blood in the pulmonary circuit. B) is larger as it pumps blood to the entire body. C) pumps blood to the lungs. D) pumps deoxygenated blood. E) pumps blood to both the lungs and the body.

B) is larger as it pumps blood to the entire body.

Which of the following is the correct pathway of air into the lungs to the site of gas exchange? A) bronchi - pharynx - trachea - nasal cavity - bronchioles - alveoli - larynx B) nasal cavity - pharynx - larynx - trachea - bronchi - bronchioles - alveoli C) pharynx - trachea - nasal cavity - bronchioles - alveoli - larynx - bronchi D) bronchi - pharynx - larynx - trachea - nasal cavity - bronchioles - alveoli E) nasal cavity - alveoli - bronchioles - bronchi - trachea - larynx - pharynx

B) nasal cavity - pharynx - larynx - trachea - bronchi - bronchioles - alveoli

Neutrophils and monocytes are similar in that they both A) produce antibodies in response to pathogens. B) result in phagocytized pathogens. C) release kinins which attract platelets. D) are types of erythrocytes. E) are responsible for specific immunity.

B) result in phagocytized pathogens.

Which of the following statements are true about the majority of arteries in the body? A) Arteries transport blood away from the heart and contain a thick wall of skeletal muscle. B) Arteries transport blood towards the heart and contain a thin wall of smooth muscle. C) Arteries transport blood away from the heart and contain a thick wall of smooth muscle. D) Arteries transport blood away from the heart and contain a thick wall of cardiac muscle. E) Arteries transport blood towards the heart and contain a thick wall of smooth muscle.

C) Arteries transport blood away from the heart and contain a thick wall of smooth

________ carry signals to the cell body of a neuron while ________ carry signals away from the cell body. A) Axons; dendrites B) Neuroglia; dendrites C) Dendrites; axons D) Intercalated disks; neuroglia E) dendrites; neuroglia

C) Dendrites; axons

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to edema? A) It can lead to heart failure. B) It can result from kidney failure. C) It results in kidney stones if uncorrected. D) It is an imbalance in the ionic composition of body fluids. E) It is the retention of water and salts.

C) It results in kidney stones if uncorrected

In the figure shown here, the structure indicated by the letter "E" A) carries urine to the outside of the body. B) empties urine from the renal medulla. C) carries urine to the urinary bladder. D) further alters the composition of the urine formed by the nephrons. E) returns filtered blood to the systemic circulation.

C) carries urine to the urinary bladder.

The function of the lymphatic vessel is to A) collect tissue fluid and return it to the aorta. B) collect O2-rich blood from below the heart and return it to the right atrium. C) collect tissue fluid and return it to the subclavian veins. D) carry blood from the heart to the tissues of the body. E) collect O2-poor blood from above the heart and return it to the right atrium.

C) collect tissue fluid and return it to the subclavian veins.

The mechanism by which oxygen moves into capillaries from alveoli is A) osmosis. B) facilitated transport. C) diffusion. D) active transport. E) secondary active transport

C) diffusion.

A heart murmur is caused by A) an irregular heartbeat. B) faulty semilunar valves. C) faulty atrioventricular valves. D) blocked arteries to the heart muscle. E) loss of oxygen to the left atrium.

C) faulty atrioventricular valves.

In an open circulatory system A) blood leaves the heart via venules. B) blood is pumped into cavities called ventricles. C) hemolymph enters the heart via ostia. D) nutrients are exchanged across the walls of capillaries. E) the heart has two or more chambers.

C) hemolymph enters the heart via ostia.

The substance indicated by the A in the figure shown here A) is 100% water. B) is composed of formed elements, mostly platelets. C) is a fluid and contains nutrients, gases, proteins, and ions. D) carries most of the oxygen in the blood. E) is composed of formed elements, mostly white blood cells.

C) is a fluid and contains nutrients, gases, proteins, and ions

The figure shown here represents a four chambered heart. Part Z represents the ________. A) left atrium B) pulmonary trunk C) septum D) superior vena cava E) right ventricle

C) septum

A type of parasitic worm lives in the lymph vessels of humans, blocking the flow of lymph. What symptoms would you expect in someone with such an infection? A) ventricular fibrillation B) heart attack C) the collection of tissue fluids in the areas blocked by the worms D) the inability to absorb carbohydrates and proteins E) the inability to fight infection

C) the collection of tissue fluids in the areas blocked by the worms

Which one of the following statements is true about animals that do NOT have circulatory systems? A) There are no animals without circulatory systems. B) They tend to have large bodies. C) The body cells are typically distant from the source of the oxygen so the gas has to diffuse through several layers to reach all cells. D) They may rely on diffusion for the transfer of gases, nutrients, and wastes. E) They do not have tissues and organs.

D) They may rely on diffusion for the transfer of gases, nutrients, and wastes.

Because of the nature of platelets, having a low platelet count can be cause for concern if which of the following were to occur? A) a viral infection B) a bacterial infection C) a parasitic worm infection D) a deep cut E) a diet deficient in iron

D) a deep cut

The functional unit of the lungs where gas exchange occurs is the A) trachea. B) sinus. C) glottis. D) alveolus. E) bronchiole.

D) alveolus.

Both a coronary bypass operation and a stent insertion procedure are treatments used for which of the following conditions? A) heart murmur B) ventricular defibrillation C) hypertension D) blockage of a coronary artery E) anemia

D) blockage of a coronary artery

Which of the following lists the levels of biological organization in order from simplest to most complex? A) cell, heart, human, cardiovascular system, cardiac muscle B) cardiac muscle, cell, human, heart, cardiovascular system C) heart, human, cell, cardiac muscle, cardiovascular system D) cell, cardiac muscle, heart, cardiovascular system, human E) human, heart, cardiovascular system, cardiac muscle, cell

D) cell, cardiac muscle, heart, cardiovascular

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of squamous epithelium? A) flattened cells B) lining or covering tissue C) may be found in multiple layers D) cube-shaped cells E) adhere to one another

D) cube-shaped cells

Which body system and its organs are INCORRECTLY matched? A) lymphatic - thymus, vessels, nodes B) reproductive - ovaries, testes, uterus C) digestive - mouth, stomach, intestines D) endocrine - mouth, lungs, pituitary E) cardiovascular - heart, blood, blood vessels

D) endocrine - mouth, lungs, pituitary

Which organism has an open circulatory system? A) human B) eagle C) shark D) grasshopper E) frog

D) grasshopper

It is important for sodium and chloride ions to be reabsorbed in the nephron so that A) needed amino acids will be reabsorbed. B) the pH of the blood is maintained. C) urea can be secreted. D) some water will be reabsorbed through osmosis. E) some glucose reabsorption will occur.

D) some water will be reabsorbed through osmosis.

For which of the following is iron required? A) It prevents destruction of red blood cells. B) It prevents plaque formation in arteries. C) It forms part of white blood cells. D) It stimulates formation of lymph. E) It forms part of hemoglobin which transports oxygen.

E) It forms part of hemoglobin which transports oxygen

The digestive, respiratory, and urinary systems are similar in that they all help maintain A) constant temperature in the body. B) oxygen levels in the blood. C) control of the other body systems. D) fluid level in the blood. E) balance of substances in the blood.

E) balance of substances in the blood.

If the lymphatic system did not function correctly A) oxygen would not reach all the cells of the body. B) nutrients would not reach the liver. C) carbon dioxide would not reach the lungs. D) urea would build up in the liver. E) fluids would collect within body tissue.

E) fluids would collect within body tissue.

The pulmonary circuit in a closed circulatory system functions in A) nutrient absorption from the intestine. B) distribution of nutrients to the body tissues. C) waste disposal in the kidneys. D) creating proper blood pressure. E) gas exchange in the lungs.

E) gas exchange in the lungs.

Which of the following collects all the venous blood from below the heart? A) hepatic portal vein B) renal vein C) aorta D) pulmonary artery E) inferior vena cava

E) inferior vena cava

The figure shown here represents a four-chambered heart. The blood in the chamber marked by V A) will next enter the left atrium. B) has come from the aorta. C) is rich in oxygen. D) has come from the pulmonary veins. E) is poor in oxygen.

E) is poor in oxygen.

Hair within the nose and cilia lining the respiratory tract A) moistens the air before it enters the lungs. B) helps carbon dioxide move into the lungs. C) helps oxygen move into the lungs. D) helps carbon dioxide leave the lungs. E) prevents particles from entering the lungs.

E) prevents particles from entering the lungs.

The figure shown represents urine formation. What specific process is occurring at #2? A) filtration B) urination C) excretion D) secretion E) reabsorption

E) reabsorption

Which of the following is the correct path urine follows from internal structures to outside the body? A) renal cortex - urethra - urinary bladder - ureter B) ureter - urinary bladder - renal pelvis - urethra C) urinary bladder - renal pelvis - ureter - urethra D) ureter - renal pelvis - urinary bladder - urethra E) renal pelvis - ureter - urinary bladder - urethra

E) renal pelvis - ureter - urinary bladder - urethra

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of connective tissue? A) supporting B) storage C) cushioning and insulation D) protection E) secretion and absorption

E) secretion and absorption

The nervous system and endocrine system control the body's functions by A) maintaining a constant level of nerve impulses. B) maintaining a constant level of hormones in the blood. C) stimulating the body's reproductive organs. D) responding only to the internal environment. E) sending out messages by nerve impulse and hormones.

E) sending out messages by nerve impulse and hormones.

Which of the following is an incorrect match? A) pharynx - connects nasal and oral cavities to larynx B) epiglottis - covers the glottis C) larynx - contains vocal cords D) glottis - opening to the larynx E) sinuses - remove dust particles from the air

E) sinuses - remove dust particles from the air

Skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle are similar in that they are both A) under involuntary control. B) made of highly branched cells. C) made of long parallel cells. D) under voluntary control. E) striated.

E) striated.

A neutrophil is a type of A) platelet. B) red blood cell. C) cardiac muscle cell. D) erythrocyte. E) white blood cell

E) white blood cell