BIO 183 Exam 2

Trees are sometimes called the "lungs" of the planet. The oxygen they release comes from Select one: a. Photosystem 1 b. Photosystem 2 c. The Krebs cycle d. Pyruvate oxidation e. The Calvin cycle

Photosystem 2

Cells may simultaneously express and activate/deactivate receptor tyrosine kinase, G protein-coupled receptors, intracellular receptors, and ion channels. Select one: True False

True

Organisms that generate their own food by converting inorganic molecules into organic ones are called...

Autotrophs

The chemiosmotic gradient that is established in the intermembrane space of mitochondria allows the activation of which of the following? Select one: a. Cytochromes b. Ubiquinone c. Low-energy electrons d. NADH dehydrogenase e. ATP synthase

ATP Synthase

Lactic acid and CO2 are products of aerobic respiration in mammalian muscle cells Select one: True False

False

Photorespiration may be observed in C4 plants Select one: True False

False

The fluid-filled space between grana, in chloroplasts, is known as "stoma" Select one: True False

False

The making of ATP from ADP is an exergonic reaction Select one: True False

False

Hydroxylamine lowers catalase activity by fitting within its active site. This suggest that Select one: a. Hydroxylamine is an allosteric activator of catalase b. Hydroxylamine is an allosteric inhibitor of catalase c. Hydroxylamine has the ability to denature catalase d. Hydroxylamine is most likely the main substrate of catalase e. Hydroxylamine is a competitive inhibitor of catalase

Hydroxylamine is a competitive inhibitor of catalase

In a mammalian cell that was exposed to potassium cyanide (a cytochrome C oxidase inhibitor), you would expect NADH production to be Select one: a. Higher than in a healthy cell b. The same as in a healthy cell c. Lower than in a healthy cell

Lower than in a healthy cell

In a mammalian cell that was exposed to potassium cyanide (a cytochrome C oxidase inhibitor), you would expect O2 consumption to be Select one: a. Lower than in a healthy cell b. The same as in a healthy cell c. Higher than in a healthy cell

Lower than in a healthy cell

The main advantage of using a pyramid-shaped cascade of events downstream of membrane-bound receptors is Select one: a. Signal accuracy b. Signal amplification and speed c. ATP/GTP conservation d. Increase in signal diversity

Signal amplification and speed

In a mammalian cell that was exposed to potassium cyanide (a cytochrome C oxidase inhibitor), you would expect pyruvate production to be Select one: a. The same as in a healthy cell b. Higher than in a healthy cell c. Lower than in a healthy cell

The same as in a healthy cell

The metabolic process in which fatty acids are converted into acetyl CoA is called...

beta-oxidation

In general, how do chloroplasts differ from mitochondria? Select one: a. Chloroplasts take in H2O and CO2 to produce sugars, whereas mitochondria take in sugars to produce ATP. b. Chloroplasts take in sugars to produce ATP, whereas mitochondria take in H2O and CO2 to produce sugars. c. Chloroplasts and mitochondria have virtually the same function, except that chloroplasts are found in plant cells and mitochondria are found in animal cells d. The ATP produced by mitochondria is used throughout the cell, whereas the ATP produced by chloroplasts stays inside them. e. Both A and D are correct answers

Both A and D are correct answers

Which of the following is correct about the cyclic electron flow that takes place during photosynthesis Select one: a. It is required because the Calvin cycle uses more ATP than NADPH b. It happens when C3 plants get too hot c. It happens when C3 plants have too much oxygen trapped in their cells d. It is the most prevalent type of electron flow observed in the thylakoid membrane e. It may happen in C3, C4, and CAM plants f. Both A and E are correct

Both A and E are correct

Which of the following molecules are steroid hormones derived from? Select one: a. fatty acids b. Cholesterol c. The amino acid tryptophan d. Phospholipids e. Glycogen f. Testosterone

Cholesterol

Epinephrine and cortisol are both considered stress-related hormones. Cortisol is a steroid hormone, while epinephrine is a protein that binds to G protein-coupled receptors. Based on this statement, which hormone would you expect to elicit the fastest response? Select one: a. Epinephrine b. Cortisol

Enephrine

Enzymes that phosphorylate other molecules are known as...

Kinase

The 2 main stages of photosynthesis, in chloroplasts are Select one: a. Oxidative phosphorylation and Citric acid cycle b. Photosynthesis and gluconeogenesis c. Light and heavy reactions d. Light-dependent reactions and Calvin cycle e. Carbon-fixing and Calvin cycles

Light-dependent reactions and Calvin cycle

In a mammalian cell that was exposed to potassium cyanide (a cytochrome C oxidase inhibitor), you would expect CO2 production to be Select one: a. Higher than in a healthy cell b. The same as in a healthy cell c. Lower than in a healthy cell

Lower than in a healthy cell

Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions by Select one: a. Converting substrates into products in their allosteric site b. Converting endergonic reactions into exergonic ones c. Lowering the activation energy necessary to start the reaction d. Lowering the activation energy necessary to start the reaction AND converting endergonic reactions into exergonic ones e. Converting exergonic reactions into endergonic ones

Lowering the activation energy necessary to start the reaction

ADP and ATP act respectively as activator and inhibitor of glycolysis. Select one: True False

True

In a mammalian cell that was exposed to potassium cyanide (a cytochrome C oxidase inhibitor), how many ATPs per molecule of glucose would you expect to be produced? Select one: a. 24 b. 36 c. 12 d. 2 e. 48

2

In photosynthesis, NADPH donates electrons to the Calvin cycle. In this REDOX reaction, NADPH may be called Select one: a. An oxidizing agent b. A reducing agent c. A special agent (kinda like James Bond)

A reducing agent

The process of glycolysis cannot take place in prokaryotes because it requires the presence of mitochondria Select one: True False

False

Upon activation of a G protein-coupled receptor, the G protein converts a GDP into a GTP Select one: True False

False

In a mammalian cell that was exposed to potassium cyanide (a cytochrome C oxidase inhibitor), you would expect lactate production to be Select one: a. Higher than in a healthy cell b. Lower than in a healthy cell c. The same as in a healthy cell

Higher than in a healthy cell

Which of the following best describes the process of fermentation? Select one: a. It allows the oxidation of NAD+ into NADH b. It leads to the production of lactic acid in yeast cells c. It leads to the production of ethanol in muscle cells d. It produces 2 Lactase molecules per glucose e. It allows the production of ATP in oxygen-rich environments f. It allows glycolysis to proceed in oxygen-poor environment by oxidizing NADH into NAD+

It allows glycolysis to proceed in oxygen-poor environment by oxidizing NADH into NAD+

Based on cellular respiration only, would you have to breathe if your cells did not have mitochondria? Select one: a. Yes b. No

No

The making of ATP during glycolysis (phosphorylation of ADP) is best described as Select one: a. Substrate-level phosphorylation b. Oxidative phosphorylation

Substrate-level phosphorylation