Bio 2 Unit 4 Pt. 2
A single molecule of hemoglobin can bind to and transport _______ molecules of oxygen gas. (Answer with a number.)
4
Each molecule of hemoglobin can transport how many molecules of O2? 2 8 4 1
4
Human blood normally contains approximately how many white blood cells? 5,000-11,000 cells per μL (microliter) 5,000-11,000 cells per mL (milliliter) 5,000-11,000 cells per L (liter)
5,000-11,000 cells per μL (microliter)
Which of the following is formed after carbonic acid dissociates and loses a hydrogen ion? Hemoglobin Carbon dioxide Carbonic anhydrase Bicarbonate ion
Bicarbonate ion
Select all signs or symptoms that would be expected in a person with thrombocytopenia. Bleeding in the intestine Bruising High fever Nosebleeds High blood sugar
Bleeding in the intestine, Bruising, Nosebleeds
Select the three ways carbon dioxide is carried in the blood. Bound to white blood cells As bicarbonate ion As sodium chloride Combined with hemoglobin Dissolved in the plasma
Combined with hemoglobin, As bicarbonate ion, Dissolved in the plasma
Blood is which type of tissue? Connective Epithelial Muscle Nervous
Connective
Which type of formed element functions in blood clotting? Erythrocyte Platelet Macrophage Lymphocyte
Platelet
Which of the formed elements are actually fragments of larger cells called megakaryocytes? Neutrophils Platelets Lymphocytes Erythrocytes
Platelets
Basophilis: B and T cells that carry out specific (adaptive) immunity Promote inflammation, blood flow to injured tissues Fight large parasites, such as worms Become macrophages in tissues Phagocytize pathogens and cellular debris
Promote inflammation, blood flow to injured tissues
Globin: Multiple Choice Iron- containing group Protein with four polypeptides
Protein with four polypeptides
When it is time to recycle red blood cells, they are engulfed by phagocytic cells in which two organs? Heart Liver Brain Stomach Spleen
Recycled by white blood cells in the liver and spleen
Which of the following describes sickle-cell disease? It can be caused by iron deficiency. Red blood cells are misshapen. The heme part of hemoglobin is abnormal. Red blood cells take on a translucent appearance. It is a hereditary condition.
Red blood cells are misshapen, It is a hereditary condition REASON NOT The heme part of hemoglobin is abnormal: Sickle-cell disease affects the globin,or protein, part of hemoglobin.
Select all of the regulatory functions of the blood. Regulation of body temperature Production of antibodies Maintenance of osmotic pressure Maintenance of acid-base balance Protection of the internal organs
Regulation of body temperature, Maintenance of osmotic pressure (keeps liquid content of blood high), Maintenance of acid-base balance
Which two of the following descriptions apply to eosinophils? They produce antibodies. They are involved in the phagocytosis of allergens associated with the inflammatory response. They are usually the first responders to bacterial infection. They have large, abundant granules that take up eosin and become a dark blue color. They have a bilobed nucleus.
They are involved in the phagocytosis of allergens associated with the inflammatory response, They have a bilobed nucleus NOT They produce antibodies. Reason: Antibodies are produced by B cells (a type of lymphocyte), not eosinophils. They are usually the first responders to bacterial infection. Reason: Neutrophils are usually the first responders to bacterial infection, not eosinophils. They have large, abundant granules that take up eosin and become a dark blue color. Reason: Eosinophils have large, abundant granules that take up eosin and become a red color.
Select all correct characterizations of platelets. They function in blood clotting They are relatively small cells. They are more numerous in blood than white blood cells are. They contain hemoglobin. They are formed in the spleen.
They function in blood clotting, They are more numerous in blood than white blood cells are. NOT They are relatively small cells: Reason: Platelets are cell fragments, not entire cells. NOT They contain hemoglobin. Reason: Only red blood cells contain hemoglobin. NOT They are formed in the spleen. Reason: Platelets are formed from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow.
During blood clotting, which enzyme converts fibrinogen to fibrin? Plavix Plasmin Trypsin Thrombin
Thrombin
True or false: Hormones, wastes and lipids are transported by the blood. True false question.
True
True or false: Macrophages are derived from monocytes.
True Reason: Monocytes differentiate into macrophages, a form of white blood cell that phagocytizes pathogens, old cells, and cellular debris.
Select all correct descriptions of white blood cells. White blood cells contain hemoglobin. There are more white blood cells than red blood cells in a microliter of blood. White blood cells are translucent unless stained. White blood cells are larger than red blood cells. White blood cells transport oxygen.
White blood cells are translucent unless stained, White blood cells are larger than red blood cells REASON NOT White blood cells contain hemoglobin Reason: Only red blood cells contain hemoglobin. There are more white blood cells than red blood cells in a microliter of blood Reason: There are about 1000 times more red blood cells than white blood cells in a given amount of blood. White blood cells transport oxygen. Reason:Only red blood cells transport oxygen.
Select the three types of formed elements found in human blood. Plasma proteins White blood cells Red blood cells Plasma Platelets
White blood cells, Red blood cells, Platelets
Hemophilia is a
genetic deficiency of clotting factors in the blood.
Which is more spotty granular or agranular?
granular
The component of the blood that is directly responsible for the transportation of oxygen is ______ albumin thrombin hemoglobin plasmin
hemoglobin
The term that refers to the rupturing of red blood cells is ______
hemolysis
If the liver fails to secrete bilirubin into the digestive tract from the breakdown of hemoglobin, it will accumulate in the tissues, causing a yellowing of the skin and eyes called _______
jaundice
The hormone erythropoietin, which stimulates the production of red blood cells, is produced by the ______ intestines bone marrow lungs kidneys
kidneys
A cancer of white blood cells that involved uncontrolled growth of lymphocytes would be specifically called _____
leukemia
Granular and agranular are the two major types of ______ blood cells
leukocyte (white)
Old red blood cells are broken down by macrophages in the ______ small intestine liver and spleen bone marrow stomach
liver and spleen
Thrombocytopenia refers to
low levels of platelets.
Anemia refers to
low levels of red blood cells or hemoglobin.
B cells and T cells are two types of ______ basophils monocytes neutrophils lymphocytes
lymphocytes
Another term for platelets is _____ erythrocytes leukocytes thrombocytes adipocytes
thrombocytes NOT Erythrocytes Reason: are red blood cells. NOT Leukocytes: Reason: are white blood cells. NOT Adipocytes Reason: are fat cells.
When blood is moved from one person to another it is referred to as a blood ______
transfusions
Because the affected gene coding for the factor VIII clotting protein is located on the X chromosome, hemophilia A is ______ more common in females seen only after sexual maturity equally distributed between the sexes more common in males
more common in males REASON: Females have two X chromosomes, so they can carry the factor VIII gene on one X without any symptoms.
In a normal, healthy individual, the most abundant type of white blood cell present in the blood is the _____ eosinophil lymphocyte neutrophil monocyte
neutrophil
When examining a stained blood smear, a cell that has a finely granular cytoplasm and a multilobed nucleus is most likely a ______ neutrophil monocyte platelet lymphocyte
neutrophil
When oxygen binds to heme, hemoglobin assumes a slightly different shape and is called ________ deoxyhemoglobin carbaminohemoglobin oxyhemoglobin
oxyhemoglobin
Pathogens are destroyed by being engulfed during a process called ______
phagocytosis
Some types of white blood cells fight pathogens by engulfing them in a process called ______
phagocytosis
The liquid portion of the blood is called ______
plasma
The liquid portion of the blood, which functions to transport substances in the blood, is called ______
plasma
The portion of the blood responsible for carrying dissolved salts, proteins, and buffers is the ______
plasma
Another term for a mature, antibody-secreting B cells is a(n) _____ plasma cell serum cell P cell T cell
plasma cell
Fragmentation of megakaryocytes in red bone marrow produces formed elements called ______, or thromocytes
platelets
The formed elements in human blood are red blood cells, white blood cells, and ________
platelets
Thrombocytopenia is the term for an insufficient number of _____
platelets
Small, biconcave blood cells that lack a nucleus are _____ blood cells, or erythrocytes
red
Hemolysis is defined as ______ an insufficient number of red blood cells destruction of white blood cells rupturing of red blood cells coagulation of platelets
rupturing of red blood cells
A genetic condition that results in misshapen red blood cells that burst easily is _______ jaundice sickle-cell disease pernicious anemia hemolytic disease of the newborn
sickle-cell disease
Red blood cells are produced by ______ cells in the red bone marrow. leukocyte stem lymphocyte fibroblast
stem
The production of red blood cells is controlled by a hormone called ______ colony-stimulating factor thyroxine erythropoietin thrombopoietin
erythropoietin
The most common symptom of anemia is ______ fever fatigue nausea jaundice
fatigue
Place these steps in the formation of a blood clot in the correct chronological order, beginning with the first step at the top. A platelet plug forms Fibrinogen is formed and converted to thrombin A blood vessel is damaged Prothrombin is formed and converted to thrombin
A blood vessel is damaged A platelet plug forms Prothrombin is formed and converted to thrombin Fibrinogen is formed and converted to thrombin
In the ABO system, the 4 different types of human blood are A, B, O and ______
AB
Lymphocytes: B and T cells that carry out specific (adaptive) immunity Promote inflammation, blood flow to injured tissues Fight large parasites, such as worms Become macrophages in tissues Phagocytize pathogens and cellular debris
B and T cells that carry out specific (adaptive) immunity
In both appearance and function, mast cells most closely resemble which type of white blood cell? Lymphocyte Neutrophil Macrophage Basophil
Basophil
Which of these white blood cell types are normally the least numerous in blood? Neutrophils Lymphocytes Basophils Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes: B and T cells that carry out specific (adaptive) immunity Promote inflammation, blood flow to injured tissues Fight large parasites, such as worms Become macrophages in tissues Phagocytize pathogens and cellular debris
Become macrophages in tissues
Select all descriptions that apply to basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils. All 3 can produce antibodies. All 3 have noticeable cytoplasmic granules. All 3 are white blood cells. All 3 have a nucleus. All 3 are classified as agranular leukocytes.
All 3 have a nucleus. All 3 have noticeable cytoplasmic granules. All 3 are white blood cells.
A person with blood type A would be expected to have which antibodies in their plasma? Anti-B Anti-O Anti-A Anti-AB
Anti-B
Phagocytosis, antibodies, and blood clotting are components of which function of the blood? Defense Regulation Transport
Defense
Which of the following does not have oxygen bound to it? Oxyhemoglobin Deoxyhemoglobin
Deoxyhemoglobin
Red blood cells are also known as ______ thrombocytes leukocytes adipocytes erythrocytes
ERYTHROCYTES NOT : Thrombocytes Reason: Thrombocytes are platelets. Leukocytes Reason: Leukocytes are white blood cells. Adipocytes Reason: Adipocytes are cells that store fat.
True or false: Red blood cells have a highly active metabolism compared to most other cell types.
False Reason: Because they lack a nucleus and most other organelles, red blood cells are relatively inactive
Eosinophils: B and T cells that carry out specific (adaptive) immunity Promote inflammation, blood flow to injured tissues Fight large parasites, such as worms Become macrophages in tissues Phagocytize pathogens and cellular debris
Fight large parasites, such as worms
Select the two major components of the blood. Formed elements Interstitial fluid Platelets Plasma Lymph
Formed elements, Plasma
Select all of the following white blood cells that are classified as agranular leukocytes. Monocytes Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Lymphocytes
Monocytes, Lymphocytes
Neutrophils: B and T cells that carry out specific (adaptive) immunity Promote inflammation, blood flow to injured tissues Fight large parasites, such as worms Become macrophages in tissues Phagocytize pathogens and cellular debris
Phagocytize pathogens and cellular debris
Select all likely consequences of a thromboembolism. Diabetes Bleeding in the joints Heart attack Hemophilia Stroke
Heart attack, Stroke
Blood is red because of the presence of which molecule? Hemoglobin Thrombin Plasmin Antibodies
Hemoglobin
Mast cells release which molecule? Plasmin Antibody Albumin Histamine
Histamine
Select all substances transported by the blood. Hormones Nutrients Lymph Carbon dioxide Oxygen
Hormones, Nutrients, Carbon dioxide, Oxygen
Select all structural components of hemoglobin. Iron Heme Nucleic acid Four polypeptide chains Copper
Iron, Four polypeptide chains, Heme
Heme: Multiple Choice Iron- containing group Protein with four polypeptides
Iron- containing group
Select all characteristics of mature red blood cells. Lack mitochondria Capable of cell division Lack a nucleus Lack a cytoskeleton Carry out fermentation
Lack mitochondria, Lack a nucleus, Carry out fermentation NOT Capable of cell division Reason: Because they lack DNA, red blood cells cannot divide. NOT Lack a cytoskeleton Reason: They have one, the cytoskeleton of a red blood cell provides its unique shape.
What term refers to cancer of the white blood cells? Hemophilia Leukemia Anemia Thrombocytopenia
Leukemia
Select all functions of monocytes and/or macrophages. Destroy pathogens Produce antibodies Clot the blood Stimulate lymphocytes Phagocytize cellular debris
Stimulate lymphocytes, Phagocytize cellular debris, Destroy pathogens NOT Produce antibodies Reason: Mature B cells (plasma cells) produce antibodies. NOT Clot the blood Reason: Platelets help to clot the blood.
Select all of the following that describe basophils. Contain hemoglobin Take up a basic stain and appear dark-blue in color U-shaped or lobed nucleus Usually first responders to bacterial infection Release histamine associated with allergic reactions
Take up a basic stain and appear dark-blue in color, U-shaped or lobed nucleus, Release histamine associated with allergic reactions NOT Contain hemoglobin: Red blood cells contain hemoglobin. NOT Usually first responders to bacterial infection: Neutrophils are usually the first responders to bacterial infection.
Together, the monocytes and lymphocytes make up the ______ erythrocytes phagocytes agranular leukocytes granular leukocytes
agranular leukocytes
Regardless of the cause, a person with an abnormally low number of red blood cells or hemoglobin has the general condition known as ______
anemia
In response to the presence of foreign antigens, certain white blood cells (B cells) produce specific antigen-binding proteins called ______
antibodies
Proteins formed by white blood cells that inactivate pathogens are called ________
antibodies
Proteins in the blood that combine with pathogens in order to protect against pathogen invasion are called ______ antigens buffers hormones antibodies
antibodies
A cell or other substance that is foreign to the body is called a/an ______ antigen antibody lysosome leukocyte
antigen
Most of the carbon dioxide is transported in the blood _____ as carbaminohemoglobin as bicarbonate ion combined with hemoglobin dissolved in the plasma
as carbaminohemoglobin
The three types of granular leukocytes are neutrophils, eosinophils, and ______
basophils
The five major types of white blood cells are monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, _____ and ____
eosinophils, basophils
Jaundice occurs when _____ the kidneys fail to function properly a person has too few red blood cells bilirubin accumulates in tissues the red blood cells are sickle-shaped
bilirubin accumulates in tissues REASON NOT : the kidneys fail to function properly: Jaundice is usually associated with liver disease. a person has too few red blood cells: This is anemia. the red blood cells are sickle-shaped: This is sickle-cell anemia.
The primary transport medium of the human body is the ______ cerebrospinal fluid blood bile lymph
blood
Red blood cells are produced by stem cells in the ______ large intestine bone marrow heart kidneys
bone marrow
In the blood, chemicals called ______ help to stabilize the pH of the blood. hormones buffers platelets antibodies
buffers
Hemoglobin that is carrying carbon dioxide is called ______ oxyhemoglobin carbaminohemoglobin carboxyhemoglobin deoxyhemoglobin
carbaminohemoglobin
The enzyme in red blood cells that converts carbon dioxide into carbonic acid is _______ carbonic anhydrase bicarbonate ion hemoglobin
carbonic anhydrase
The main function of platelets is to ____ carry oxygen clot blood fight infection remove CO2
clot blood
Blood is considered to be a type of fluid ______ tissue since it contains cells and a noncellular matrix.
connective
Transport functions of the blood include transport of hormones, hemoglobin transport of oxygen, and _____ destruction of pathogens buffering of pH regulation of body temperature distribution of nutrients
distribution of nutrients
When examining a stained blood smear, a white blood cell that has prominent cytoplasmic granules that stain a deep red is most likely a(n) _____
eosinophil
