Bio 202 Blood Worksheet:

Which blood types can receive blood from Type A donors

-Type A -Type AB

Which types of blood can individuals with Type A receive?

-Type A -Type O

What are the two principle components of blood?

-formed elements -plasma

Where does Vitamin K come from?

-leafy green vegetables -produced in large intestine by bacteria

Blood that has been spun in a centrifuge

-plasma 55% -buffy coat (composed of WBCs & platelets) -RBCs 45%

Where do Leukocytes spend most of their time?

-tissues of the body -fighting pathogens -use blood as the "subway" system to get where they are going

3 main categories of plasma proteins?

1. Albumin 2. Globulins 3. Fibrogens (all 3 proteins determine osmolarity & osmotic pressure)

Myeloid stem cells give rise to

1. Eosinophils 2. Basophils 3. Neutrophils 4. Monocytes

Signs of Anemia:

1. Fatigue 2. Paleness 3. Shortness of breath 4. Chills 5. Picas

2 substances that are found in the body, but NOT found in BLOOD:

1. Glycogen 2. Myoglobin

Causes of Anemia:

1. Insufficient erythrocytes 2. Low hemoglobin content 3. Abnormal hemoglobin

Lymphoid stem cells give rise to

1. Lymphocytes

Which types of Leukocytes are "argranulocytes"?

1. Monocytes 2. Lymphocytes

Name 2 stem cell lines for Leukocytes: Indicate which formed elements come from which cell line:

1. Myeloid stem cell line: -gives rise to: 1. Eosinophils 2. Basophils 3. Neutrophils 4. Monocytes 2. Lymphoid stem cell line: -gives rise to 1. Lymphocytes

Which types of Leukocytes are "granulocytes"?

1. Neutrophils 2. Eosinophils 3. Basophils

5 main types of Leukocytes:

1. Neutrophils 2. Lymphocytes 3. Monocytes 4. Eosinophils 5. Basophils

3 types of formed elements found in blood:

1. RBCs (erythrocyte) 2. WBCs (leukocyte) 3. Platelets

Physical characteristic of blood:

1. Sticky 2. Opaque 3. Viscous fluid 4. Metallic taste

3 functions of RBCs:

1. carry O2 2. carry CO2 3. major contributor to blood viscosity

Components of blood plasma (other than proteins):

1. glucose 2. carbs 3. FFAs 4. amino acids 5. ions 6. gases 7. urea 8. lactic acid 9. creatinine 10. hormones 11. vitamins

3 principle mechanisms of Hemostasis:

1. vascular spasm (squeeze it) 2. formation of platelet plug (plug it) 3. coagulation (clot it)

Life span of Erythrocytes:

100-120 days

Eosinophil %

2-4%

Lymphocyte %

25-33%

Monocyte %

3-8%

Temperature of blood

38 C

Volume of blood in females:

4-5 liters

Volume of blood in males:

5-6 liters

Neutrophil %

60-70%

Blood plasma is ___% water

90%

Basophil %

<1%

What is Anemia?

A condition in which the blood has low O2 carrying capacity

Which protein has the greatest impact in determining osmolarity & osmotic pressure?

Albumin

What is EPO?

Erythropoietin

Leukocytes function:

Fight infection

Where is EPO made?

Kidneys (and to some extent the liver)

In what way are Leukocytes very different from Erythrocytes (in terms of their cell structure)

Leukocytes are complete cells, unlike RBCs which have no nuclei and organelles

Globulins:

Makes up 36% of plasma proteins Includes: -Lipoproteins -Complement proteins -Antibodies -Other functional proteins

Fibrinogen

Makes up 4% of plasma proteins Function: -Blood clotting

Albumin:

Makes up 60% of plasma proteins Function: -transporter for (fatty acids, hormones, ions, nutrients) -buffers pH -contributes to blood viscosity Has GREATEST impact in determining: -osmolarity -osmotic pressure

WBC Differential saying

Never Laugh at Monkeys Eating Bananas Neutrophils Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophils Basophils

Blood is "dark red" when it is

O2 poor

Blood is "scarlet red" when it is

O2 rich

Does + or - make a difference? Why?

Rh factor matters: Rh- should not receive blood from Rh+

EPO function:

Stimulates RBC production in red bone marrow

Lymphocytes have 3 types:

T cells: -act against virus-infected cells & tumor cells (trained in Thymus when you're a baby) B cells: -give rise to plasma cells (which produce antibodies) Natural killer (NK) cells: -similar to T cells

What are Leukocytes?

WBCs

Buffy coat contains:

WBCs & platelets <1% of whole blood

What is blood?

a fluid of connective tissue

Define osmolarity:

a measure of the concentration of solutes in a solution (such as blood plasma)

Hematopoiesis

aka "Hemopoiesis" -blood cell formation

Neutrophil function:

bacterial infections

Define Embolus:

blood clot, that breaks loose & travels through the blood

Define Thrombus:

blood clot, that stays put

Main function of RBC:

carry oxygen

a & B globulins:

cholesterol -made by: liver

Granulocytes live for ____ after leaving blood

days

Most formed element survive in bloodstream only a matter of ____

days

Define Thrombocytopenia:

deficient number of circulating platelets

What is Polycythemia?

excess of RBCs

Why is Vitamin K important for Hemostasis?

factor in blood coagulation

Erythropoiesis

formation of RBCs

Thrombopoiesis

formation of platelets

What are Platelets?

fragments of megakaryocytes

Hemocytoblasts:

hematopoietic stem cells -give rise to all formed elements

"Erythrocytes are bags of ____"

hemoglobin

What molecule allows RBCs to carry oxygen?

hemoglobin

Platelet function:

hemostasis to form the platelet plug (clot blood)

Lymphocyte function:

immunity

y globulins:

immunoglobulins = antibodies -made by: plasma cells

Why would Asprin be prescribed for some heart conditions?

it functions as a anticoagulant

Why can Polycythemia be dangerous?

it increases blood viscosity which could lead to stroke or heart attack

Is Leukopoiesis triggered by a hormone?

it is stimulated by the presence of pathogens, not by a specific hormone

y globulins

largest

Where are most plasma proteins manufactured?

liver

Monocyte function:

macrophages

b globulins

medium size

Fibrin forms a ____ for formed elements (RBCs, WBCs, platelets)

net

Eosinophil function:

parasitic worms

Hematocrit:

percent of blood volume that is RBCs 45% -males: 47% -females:42%

The liver is the ______ ______ factory of the body

plasma protein

What is Leukopoiesis:

production of WBCs

What are Erythrocytes?

red blood cells

Where are Erythrocytes made?

red bone marrow

Where does Leukopoiesis take place?

red bone marrow

Basophil function:

release histamine to vasodilate

Define hemostasis:

series of steps that take place to stop bleeding

a globulins

smallest

Why is osmolarity important with respect to blood?

solutes in the solution determine osmotic pressure of the solution, which in the body determine where water will flow

Plasma is "_____ colored"

straw

Why are emboli dangerous?

they can get stuck in capillaries, causing stroke or interfering with the ability of the body to obtain O2

Why would it be important to notify your surgeon that you are on aspirin therapy?

to avoid uncontrolled bleeding

Is blood pressure is lower in veins or arteries?

veins

Agranulocytes live for ____

years

Blood is ____% of body weight

~8%