Bio 202 Blood Worksheet:
Which blood types can receive blood from Type A donors
-Type A -Type AB
Which types of blood can individuals with Type A receive?
-Type A -Type O
What are the two principle components of blood?
-formed elements -plasma
Where does Vitamin K come from?
-leafy green vegetables -produced in large intestine by bacteria
Blood that has been spun in a centrifuge
-plasma 55% -buffy coat (composed of WBCs & platelets) -RBCs 45%
Where do Leukocytes spend most of their time?
-tissues of the body -fighting pathogens -use blood as the "subway" system to get where they are going
3 main categories of plasma proteins?
1. Albumin 2. Globulins 3. Fibrogens (all 3 proteins determine osmolarity & osmotic pressure)
Myeloid stem cells give rise to
1. Eosinophils 2. Basophils 3. Neutrophils 4. Monocytes
Signs of Anemia:
1. Fatigue 2. Paleness 3. Shortness of breath 4. Chills 5. Picas
2 substances that are found in the body, but NOT found in BLOOD:
1. Glycogen 2. Myoglobin
Causes of Anemia:
1. Insufficient erythrocytes 2. Low hemoglobin content 3. Abnormal hemoglobin
Lymphoid stem cells give rise to
1. Lymphocytes
Which types of Leukocytes are "argranulocytes"?
1. Monocytes 2. Lymphocytes
Name 2 stem cell lines for Leukocytes: Indicate which formed elements come from which cell line:
1. Myeloid stem cell line: -gives rise to: 1. Eosinophils 2. Basophils 3. Neutrophils 4. Monocytes 2. Lymphoid stem cell line: -gives rise to 1. Lymphocytes
Which types of Leukocytes are "granulocytes"?
1. Neutrophils 2. Eosinophils 3. Basophils
5 main types of Leukocytes:
1. Neutrophils 2. Lymphocytes 3. Monocytes 4. Eosinophils 5. Basophils
3 types of formed elements found in blood:
1. RBCs (erythrocyte) 2. WBCs (leukocyte) 3. Platelets
Physical characteristic of blood:
1. Sticky 2. Opaque 3. Viscous fluid 4. Metallic taste
3 functions of RBCs:
1. carry O2 2. carry CO2 3. major contributor to blood viscosity
Components of blood plasma (other than proteins):
1. glucose 2. carbs 3. FFAs 4. amino acids 5. ions 6. gases 7. urea 8. lactic acid 9. creatinine 10. hormones 11. vitamins
3 principle mechanisms of Hemostasis:
1. vascular spasm (squeeze it) 2. formation of platelet plug (plug it) 3. coagulation (clot it)
Life span of Erythrocytes:
100-120 days
Eosinophil %
2-4%
Lymphocyte %
25-33%
Monocyte %
3-8%
Temperature of blood
38 C
Volume of blood in females:
4-5 liters
Volume of blood in males:
5-6 liters
Neutrophil %
60-70%
Blood plasma is ___% water
90%
Basophil %
<1%
What is Anemia?
A condition in which the blood has low O2 carrying capacity
Which protein has the greatest impact in determining osmolarity & osmotic pressure?
Albumin
What is EPO?
Erythropoietin
Leukocytes function:
Fight infection
Where is EPO made?
Kidneys (and to some extent the liver)
In what way are Leukocytes very different from Erythrocytes (in terms of their cell structure)
Leukocytes are complete cells, unlike RBCs which have no nuclei and organelles
Globulins:
Makes up 36% of plasma proteins Includes: -Lipoproteins -Complement proteins -Antibodies -Other functional proteins
Fibrinogen
Makes up 4% of plasma proteins Function: -Blood clotting
Albumin:
Makes up 60% of plasma proteins Function: -transporter for (fatty acids, hormones, ions, nutrients) -buffers pH -contributes to blood viscosity Has GREATEST impact in determining: -osmolarity -osmotic pressure
WBC Differential saying
Never Laugh at Monkeys Eating Bananas Neutrophils Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophils Basophils
Blood is "dark red" when it is
O2 poor
Blood is "scarlet red" when it is
O2 rich
Does + or - make a difference? Why?
Rh factor matters: Rh- should not receive blood from Rh+
EPO function:
Stimulates RBC production in red bone marrow
Lymphocytes have 3 types:
T cells: -act against virus-infected cells & tumor cells (trained in Thymus when you're a baby) B cells: -give rise to plasma cells (which produce antibodies) Natural killer (NK) cells: -similar to T cells
What are Leukocytes?
WBCs
Buffy coat contains:
WBCs & platelets <1% of whole blood
What is blood?
a fluid of connective tissue
Define osmolarity:
a measure of the concentration of solutes in a solution (such as blood plasma)
Hematopoiesis
aka "Hemopoiesis" -blood cell formation
Neutrophil function:
bacterial infections
Define Embolus:
blood clot, that breaks loose & travels through the blood
Define Thrombus:
blood clot, that stays put
Main function of RBC:
carry oxygen
a & B globulins:
cholesterol -made by: liver
Granulocytes live for ____ after leaving blood
days
Most formed element survive in bloodstream only a matter of ____
days
Define Thrombocytopenia:
deficient number of circulating platelets
What is Polycythemia?
excess of RBCs
Why is Vitamin K important for Hemostasis?
factor in blood coagulation
Erythropoiesis
formation of RBCs
Thrombopoiesis
formation of platelets
What are Platelets?
fragments of megakaryocytes
Hemocytoblasts:
hematopoietic stem cells -give rise to all formed elements
"Erythrocytes are bags of ____"
hemoglobin
What molecule allows RBCs to carry oxygen?
hemoglobin
Platelet function:
hemostasis to form the platelet plug (clot blood)
Lymphocyte function:
immunity
y globulins:
immunoglobulins = antibodies -made by: plasma cells
Why would Asprin be prescribed for some heart conditions?
it functions as a anticoagulant
Why can Polycythemia be dangerous?
it increases blood viscosity which could lead to stroke or heart attack
Is Leukopoiesis triggered by a hormone?
it is stimulated by the presence of pathogens, not by a specific hormone
y globulins
largest
Where are most plasma proteins manufactured?
liver
Monocyte function:
macrophages
b globulins
medium size
Fibrin forms a ____ for formed elements (RBCs, WBCs, platelets)
net
Eosinophil function:
parasitic worms
Hematocrit:
percent of blood volume that is RBCs 45% -males: 47% -females:42%
The liver is the ______ ______ factory of the body
plasma protein
What is Leukopoiesis:
production of WBCs
What are Erythrocytes?
red blood cells
Where are Erythrocytes made?
red bone marrow
Where does Leukopoiesis take place?
red bone marrow
Basophil function:
release histamine to vasodilate
Define hemostasis:
series of steps that take place to stop bleeding
a globulins
smallest
Why is osmolarity important with respect to blood?
solutes in the solution determine osmotic pressure of the solution, which in the body determine where water will flow
Plasma is "_____ colored"
straw
Why are emboli dangerous?
they can get stuck in capillaries, causing stroke or interfering with the ability of the body to obtain O2
Why would it be important to notify your surgeon that you are on aspirin therapy?
to avoid uncontrolled bleeding
Is blood pressure is lower in veins or arteries?
veins
Agranulocytes live for ____
years
Blood is ____% of body weight
~8%