BIO 202 Exam 5

The function of the digestive system is to make ingested food ________________ complex so that nutrients are ________________

less more

Which of the following are functions of the oral cavity?

neutralize pH of ingested foods mechanical digestion of foods kill bacteria with lysozyme add mucus to bolus to aid swallowing

Which of the following does the stomach perform the LEAST?

nutrient absorption

Match each description to the appropriate gastric gland cell.

produce mucus with a basic pH -goblet cell release intrinsic factor -parietal cell release inactive form of pepsin -chief cell release gastrin -enteroendocrine cell

The large intestine

reabsorbs water and ions from waste materials

Which of the following sequences best describes the layers of the GI tract wall in order from the surface of an organ to the lumen in the center?

serosa - muscularis - submucosa - mucosa

At the intestinal mucosa of the ileum, lipids are absorbed into the mucosal cells by ________________ and then released into ______________ by ________________

Simple diffusion Lacteals Exocytosis

DNA molecules are chemically broken down in the _________________ by ________________ enzymes secreted by the _________________

Small intestine Nuclease Stomach

The site where the majority of lipid chemical digestion occurs in adults is the

Small intestines

Which of the following statements are true about the brush boarder (select all that apply)

Contains digestive enzymes Responsible for end stage chemical digestion of polymers Located in the intestinal mucosa Does absorption of nutrients

Which of the following are functions of the pancreas? (select all that apply)

Control blood sugar levels Release digestive enzymes

Which phase of the regulation of gastric secretion responds to the sight, smell and thought of food?

cephalic phase

Amylase is most likely to be active (select all that apply)

At pH 7 In the mouth

Match each substance to the appropriate location

Bolus - oral cavity Chyme - stomach Feces - large intestines

Swallowing is initiated in the ________________ phase which is _________________ and causes ________________ to be pushed into the oropharynx

Buccal Voluntary Bolus

Which of the following statements are true about carbohydrate digestion and absorption (select all that apply)

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth Amylase assists with carbohydrate digestion Carbohydrate digestion is completed by brush boarder enzymes Carbohydrates are absorbed into the blood by facilitated transport

The aroma of your favorite foods can trigger the ______________ phase of gastric secretion while presence of bolus entering the stomach will initiate the _______________ phase

Cephalic Gastric

Lysozyme (select all that apply)

Destroys the cell wall of invading bacteria Is secreted by the salivary glands

Which of the following are functions of saliva (select all that apply)

Dissolves taste molecules Increase the pH of ingested food Increases the ease of swallowing Chemically digests some nutrients

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is secreted by the ______________ in response to ______________ and results in the release of _____________ from the liver and pancreas

Duodenum Chyme in small intestine Secretin

When acidic chyme enters the small intestine the _____________ will release _____________ which will cause the _______________ to release bicarbonate to neutralize the acids

Duodenum Secretin Pancreas

Lipase is secreted by the _______________ into the _______________ for the breakdown of _________________ into fatty acids and monoglycerides

Pancreas Duodenum Triglycerides

The monomers that result from the chemical digestion of proteins are absorbed into the intestinal mucosa by _________________ and then released into _________________ by _________________

Facilitated diffusion Lacteals Simple diffusion

Which organ stores, concentrates and secretes bile?

Gallbladder (liver produces)

In the presence of ____________ , pepsinogen will activate to become ______________ and will then function to ____________ breakdown the ______________ in your diet

Hydrochloric acid (HCI) Pepsin Chemically Protein

Which of the following ARE functions of hydrochloric acid (HCI) (select all that apply)

Kills pathogens in the stomach Break up the cell walls of plants Convert iron into a form the body can absorb Activate pepsinogen to pepsin

Infants consume only breast milk (or formula) for the first several months of life. Infant saliva contains salivary ______________ to assist with the chemical digestion of the macromolecules found in milk. This enzyme is not typically present in large amounts in adult saliva

Lipase

Which of the following functions to increase surface area in the small intestine? (select all that apply)

Microvilli Villi

The gastric enzyme that actively catalyzes the degradation of some proteins is

Pepsin

Which of the following are examples of chemical digestion (select all that apply)

Pepsin in stomach Salivary amylase Trypsin in duodenum

Match each structure to its location within the digestive system

Rugae - stomach Ileum - small intestines Cecum - large intestines Circular folds - small intestines

Which of the following hormones is released to neutralize the pH of chyme in the duodenum

Secretin

During the intestinal phase of gastric secretion the duodenum releases three different regulatory chemicals. The duodenum releases __________________ which functions to increase the pH of the chyme in the intestine and ______________ which functions to decrease gastric secretions and finally _______________ which triggers the release of bile and pancreatic enzymes.

Secretin GIP CCK

In the GI tract, ________________ is a form of motility preformed by ______________ smooth muscles and is responsible for moving chyme backwards and forwards to facilitate mixing with enzymes. Whereas _____________ is responsible for moving chyme in only one direction and is preformed by _______________

Segmentation Circular Peristalsis Longitudinal

The site where pepsinogen is converted to pepsin

Stomach

Match each description to the appropriate digestive disorder

Symptoms of this autoimmune disease are triggered by gluten in the diet -celiac disease Deep inflamed pouches in the lining of the large intestine -diverticulitis Pain in the stomach caused by a bacterium -peptic ulcer

Which of the following are responsible for the chemical digestion of proteins (select all that apply)

Trypsin Pepsin Peptidase

stomach - pyloric sphincter - ______________ - jejunum - ileum - ______________ - cecum - ascending colon - ______________ - descending colon - ______________ - rectum - anus

duodenum ileocecal valve transverse colon sigmoid colon

Chemical digestion

enzymatically breaks macromolecules into smaller molecules

The parotid gland is an _______________ salivary gland and is responsible for secreting saliva _______________

extrinsic when food is in the mouth

Which of the following is a function of the liver? (select all that apply)

storage of glucose detoxification secretion of bile