BIO 202 Exam 5
The function of the digestive system is to make ingested food ________________ complex so that nutrients are ________________
less more
Which of the following are functions of the oral cavity?
neutralize pH of ingested foods mechanical digestion of foods kill bacteria with lysozyme add mucus to bolus to aid swallowing
Which of the following does the stomach perform the LEAST?
nutrient absorption
Match each description to the appropriate gastric gland cell.
produce mucus with a basic pH -goblet cell release intrinsic factor -parietal cell release inactive form of pepsin -chief cell release gastrin -enteroendocrine cell
The large intestine
reabsorbs water and ions from waste materials
Which of the following sequences best describes the layers of the GI tract wall in order from the surface of an organ to the lumen in the center?
serosa - muscularis - submucosa - mucosa
At the intestinal mucosa of the ileum, lipids are absorbed into the mucosal cells by ________________ and then released into ______________ by ________________
Simple diffusion Lacteals Exocytosis
DNA molecules are chemically broken down in the _________________ by ________________ enzymes secreted by the _________________
Small intestine Nuclease Stomach
The site where the majority of lipid chemical digestion occurs in adults is the
Small intestines
Which of the following statements are true about the brush boarder (select all that apply)
Contains digestive enzymes Responsible for end stage chemical digestion of polymers Located in the intestinal mucosa Does absorption of nutrients
Which of the following are functions of the pancreas? (select all that apply)
Control blood sugar levels Release digestive enzymes
Which phase of the regulation of gastric secretion responds to the sight, smell and thought of food?
cephalic phase
Amylase is most likely to be active (select all that apply)
At pH 7 In the mouth
Match each substance to the appropriate location
Bolus - oral cavity Chyme - stomach Feces - large intestines
Swallowing is initiated in the ________________ phase which is _________________ and causes ________________ to be pushed into the oropharynx
Buccal Voluntary Bolus
Which of the following statements are true about carbohydrate digestion and absorption (select all that apply)
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth Amylase assists with carbohydrate digestion Carbohydrate digestion is completed by brush boarder enzymes Carbohydrates are absorbed into the blood by facilitated transport
The aroma of your favorite foods can trigger the ______________ phase of gastric secretion while presence of bolus entering the stomach will initiate the _______________ phase
Cephalic Gastric
Lysozyme (select all that apply)
Destroys the cell wall of invading bacteria Is secreted by the salivary glands
Which of the following are functions of saliva (select all that apply)
Dissolves taste molecules Increase the pH of ingested food Increases the ease of swallowing Chemically digests some nutrients
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is secreted by the ______________ in response to ______________ and results in the release of _____________ from the liver and pancreas
Duodenum Chyme in small intestine Secretin
When acidic chyme enters the small intestine the _____________ will release _____________ which will cause the _______________ to release bicarbonate to neutralize the acids
Duodenum Secretin Pancreas
Lipase is secreted by the _______________ into the _______________ for the breakdown of _________________ into fatty acids and monoglycerides
Pancreas Duodenum Triglycerides
The monomers that result from the chemical digestion of proteins are absorbed into the intestinal mucosa by _________________ and then released into _________________ by _________________
Facilitated diffusion Lacteals Simple diffusion
Which organ stores, concentrates and secretes bile?
Gallbladder (liver produces)
In the presence of ____________ , pepsinogen will activate to become ______________ and will then function to ____________ breakdown the ______________ in your diet
Hydrochloric acid (HCI) Pepsin Chemically Protein
Which of the following ARE functions of hydrochloric acid (HCI) (select all that apply)
Kills pathogens in the stomach Break up the cell walls of plants Convert iron into a form the body can absorb Activate pepsinogen to pepsin
Infants consume only breast milk (or formula) for the first several months of life. Infant saliva contains salivary ______________ to assist with the chemical digestion of the macromolecules found in milk. This enzyme is not typically present in large amounts in adult saliva
Lipase
Which of the following functions to increase surface area in the small intestine? (select all that apply)
Microvilli Villi
The gastric enzyme that actively catalyzes the degradation of some proteins is
Pepsin
Which of the following are examples of chemical digestion (select all that apply)
Pepsin in stomach Salivary amylase Trypsin in duodenum
Match each structure to its location within the digestive system
Rugae - stomach Ileum - small intestines Cecum - large intestines Circular folds - small intestines
Which of the following hormones is released to neutralize the pH of chyme in the duodenum
Secretin
During the intestinal phase of gastric secretion the duodenum releases three different regulatory chemicals. The duodenum releases __________________ which functions to increase the pH of the chyme in the intestine and ______________ which functions to decrease gastric secretions and finally _______________ which triggers the release of bile and pancreatic enzymes.
Secretin GIP CCK
In the GI tract, ________________ is a form of motility preformed by ______________ smooth muscles and is responsible for moving chyme backwards and forwards to facilitate mixing with enzymes. Whereas _____________ is responsible for moving chyme in only one direction and is preformed by _______________
Segmentation Circular Peristalsis Longitudinal
The site where pepsinogen is converted to pepsin
Stomach
Match each description to the appropriate digestive disorder
Symptoms of this autoimmune disease are triggered by gluten in the diet -celiac disease Deep inflamed pouches in the lining of the large intestine -diverticulitis Pain in the stomach caused by a bacterium -peptic ulcer
Which of the following are responsible for the chemical digestion of proteins (select all that apply)
Trypsin Pepsin Peptidase
stomach - pyloric sphincter - ______________ - jejunum - ileum - ______________ - cecum - ascending colon - ______________ - descending colon - ______________ - rectum - anus
duodenum ileocecal valve transverse colon sigmoid colon
Chemical digestion
enzymatically breaks macromolecules into smaller molecules
The parotid gland is an _______________ salivary gland and is responsible for secreting saliva _______________
extrinsic when food is in the mouth
Which of the following is a function of the liver? (select all that apply)
storage of glucose detoxification secretion of bile