Bio 211 Exam #4
The viral ____________ can be DNA or RNA.
Genome
Name a disease that evolves quickly and therefore it is difficult to develop a vaccine for.
HIV
Name the hypothesis of viral origin where a virus assembles from organic molecules in the primordial soup?
RNA world
The generative cell of male angiosperm gametophytes is haploid. This cell divides to produce two haploid sperm cells. What type of cell division does this generative cell undergo to produce these sperm cells? A- Mitosis B- Meiosis
B
The small pox vaccination effort was helped by the fact that A- there were multiple strains of small pox B- there was only one strain of small pox C- small pox also had animal vectors
B
The virus genome and viral proteins are assembled in virions (virus particles) during ________. A- the lysogenetic cycle only B- the lytic cycle only C- the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle in all known host organisms
B
True or False: All seed plants are heterosporous
True
True or False: Ebola, which resides in wild animals but reemerges in humans periodically, is considered a zoonotic disease.
True
True or False: Plants consume sugar to carryout life's processes and, therefore, respire CO2 into the air
True
True or False: The DNA in viruses can be single-stranded or double-stranded.
True
True or False: The common cold is a RNA virus.
True
Name the hypothesis of viral origin where a organelle escapes a cell to become a virus?
degeneration
Which of the following structures in a flower are considered male? 1. Filament 2. Sepal 3. Ovary .4 Anther 5. Stigma 6. Stamen
1, 4, 6
Place these groups of plants in order of species diversity from most diverse to least diverse 1. Seedless vascular plants 2. Angiosperms 3. Seedless non-vascular plants 4. Gymnosperms
2, 3, 1, 4
Choose all that apply: The following viruses are considered extinct or nearly extinct: 1. Chicken pox 2. Rabies 3. Ebola 4. Small pox 5. Polio
4, 5
A botanist discovers a new species of plant in a tropical forest. After observing its anatomy and life cycle, he notes the following characteristics: flagellated sperm, xylem with tracheids, separate gametophyte and a sporophyte generations with the sporophyte dominant, and no seeds. This plant is probably most closely related to_________. A- Farns B- Mosses C- Angisosperms
A
A population of viruses with similar characteristics is called a__________. A- Strain B- Type C- Species
A
Archegonia____________. A- may contain sporophyte embryos B- are ancestral versions of animals gonads C- have the same function as sporangia
A
Biologists hypothesize that the first land plants had a low, sprawling growth habit. Which of the following statements support this hypothesis? A- To obtain water, the first land plants had to keep their tissues in direct contact with moist soil B- The wind speed was much greater at that time than it is now, restricting the height of the first land plants. C- Low, sprawling growth protected the first land plants from herbivores
A
How do enveloped viruses differ from non-enveloped viruses? A- Enveloped viruses have a membrane-like outer covering, whereas non-enveloped viruses do not B- Unlike enveloped viruses, non-enveloped viruses are too small to see with a light microscope
A
The following are advantages of a multicellular diploid generation EXCEPT: A- Dependence on water B- Increase in fitness C- Many genetically variable haploid spores
A
Where are you LEAST likely to see green algae? A- growing independently on a dry rock in a meadow B- floating in the ocean C- growing independently on a wet rock in a pond
A
Which of the following is characteristic of the lytic cycle? A- A large number of phages are released at a time B- Viral DNA is incorporated into the host genome C- The virus-host relationship usually lasts for generations
A
Which of the following means of viral transfer requires a virus to be adapted to desiccation? A- through the air B- sexual contact C- oral or fecal transfer
A
In alternation of generations the gametophyte arises from ______________________.
A spore
A plant's stem cells occur in which tissue?
Apical Meristem
A plant that has both microspores and megaspores is A- homosporous B- heterosporous C- homologous
B
How have fruits contributed to the success of angiosperms? A- by attracting insects to the pollen inside the fruit B- by facilitating the dispersal of seeds C- by nourishing the plants that produce them
B
If a fern gametophyte has both male and female gametangia on the same plant, then it____________. A- has lost the need for a sporophyte generation B- belongs to a species that is homosporous C- must be diploid
B
In the process of alternation of generations, the ___________. A- gametophyte is diploid and produces gametes B- sporophyte is diploid and produces spores C- sporophyte is haploid and produces spores
B
Most moss gametophytes do not have a cuticle and are 1-2 cells thick. What does this imply about moss gametophytes and their structure? A- They use stomata for gas exchange B- They can easily lose water to, and absorb water from, the atomosphere C- They have branching veins in their leaves
B
RNA and DNA viruses differ in several ways. Which of the following choices accurately compares these two types of viruses? A- RNA and DNA viruses have similar genome sizes B- DNA viruses tend to evolve more slowly than RNA viruses C- RNA viruses can carry out transcription independently
B
The fruit of the mistletoe, a parasitic angiosperm, is a one-seeded berry. In members of the genus Viscum, the outside of the seed is sticky, which permits the seed to adhere to surfaces such as the branches of host plants or the beaks of birds. What should be expected of the fruit if the stickiness of the seed is primarily an adaption for dispersal rather than an adaption for infecting host plant tissues? It should________. A- contain chemicals that cause birds to fly to the ground and vomit B- be nutritious to the dispersing organism
B
This is a pac-man type structure that is full of brown round structures. Its back has a structure that allows it to open and snap shut which flings the brown structures away from the plant. A- sporangium, gymnosperm B- sporangium, fern sporophytes C- sporophyll, fern D- sporophyll, gametophyte
B
What evidence do paleobotanists look for that indicates the movement of plants from water to land? A- remnants of chloroplasts from photosynthesizing cells B- waxy cuticle to decrease evaporation from leaves C- loss of structures that produce spores
B
Which of the following is TRUE of the life cycle of mosses? A- The sporophyte generation is dominant B- Antheridia and archegonia are produced by gametophytes C- The growing embryo gives rise to the gametophyte
B
Which of the following is a characteristic of all angiosperms? A- Which of the following is a characteristic of all angiosperms? B- double internal fertilization C- carpels that contain microsporangia
B
Which of the following occurs in vascular land plants, but not charophytes (which are green algae)? A- chlorophyll b B- Lignin C- Cellulose
B
Which virus lineage is most diverse (i.e. contains the largest number of putative species or strains)? A- Negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses B- Double-stranded RNA viruses C- Double-stranded DNA viruses
B
In alternation of generations the sporophyte arises from __________________. A- A spore B- An egg C- A zygote
C
In bryophytes, which structure produces sperm? A- Spermophyte B- Anther C- Antheridia
C
Liverworts, hornworts, and mosses are grouped together as Bryophytes. Besides not having vascular tissue, what do they have in common? A- They are heterosporous B- They can reproduce asexually by producing gemmae C- They require water for reproduction
C
What is TRUE about the genus Sphagnum? A- It grows extensive mats in grasslands B- It accumulates to form coal that is burned as fuel C- It is an important carbon sink, reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide
C
Which of the following can be effective in preventing the onset of a viral infection in humans? A- taking antibiotics B- taking vitamins C- getting vaccinated
C
Which of the following flower parts develops into a fruit? A- Seed B- Ovule C- Ovary
C
Which of the following is one of the two most urgent tasks that public officials first undertake to prevent an outbreak from becoming an epidemic? A- Devise a way to halt transmission of the disease B- Determine a medical treatment C- Identify the causative agent
C
Which of the following plant adaptations enables sexual reproduction without the requirement for external water? A- cuticle B- pollen tube C- trachids and phloem
C
Which of the following should have gene sequences most similar to the charophaceans? A- early gymnosperms B- early pterophytes C- early bryophytes
C
Which of the following statements concerning virus entry into all cells is true? A- Viruses always release an enzyme called a lysozyme that degrades the cell wall B- Viruses always recognize particular cell surface molecules that allow them to enter cells. C- Viruses must always bypass both the cell membrane and cell wall (if present) that allow them to enter the cells
C
Which of these are spore-producing structures? A- antheridium of a moss or fern B- gametophyte of a moss C- sporophyte of a fern
C
Which structure is common to both gymnosperms and angiosperms? A- Carpel B- Anthers C- Ovule
C
You find a green organism in a pond near your house. This mystery organism is most likely a plant, and not an alga, if it______. A- is multicellular B- contains chloroplasts C- is surrounded by a cuticle
C
In plants, which of the following are produced by meiosis? A- diploid gametes B- haploid gametes C- haploid sporophytes D- haploid spores E- diploid spores
D
True or False: A fruit is a mature ovule
False
True or False: Angiosperm flowers contain an archegonium.
False
True or False: Angiosperm means "naked seed"
False
True or False: Bryophytes are heterosporus
False
True or False: Chicken pox is a RNA virus.
False
True or False: Gymnosperms have seeds and fruits.
False
True or False: The common cold is a DNA virus.
False
True or False: Viruses are thought to have a single evolutionary origin
False
True or False: Zoonotic disease are restricted to a single species of animals
False
True or false: Pollination is the same as fertilization.
False
In alternation of generations the gametophyte is
Hapolid
In alternation of generations the spore is
Hapolid
Plants faced challenges moving onto land, name one
Loss of water to atmostphere
The phrase "Alternation of Generations" refers to sexual life cycles that alternate between haploid (N) and diploid (2N) conditions, but only when both stages are_________.
Multicellular
List one way viruses transfer between hosts.
Sexual Contact
Describe one aspect of gymnosperm ecology.
Species tolorate cold and dry conditions
Name one characteristic that viral classification is based on
the host