BIO 214 Module 4

Which antimicrobic does not inhibit cell wall synthesis? vancomycin gentamicin cephalosporins penicillins

gentamicin

Broad-spectrum drugs that disrupt the body's normal flora often cause: All of the choices are correct superinfections commensal infections nephrotoxicity anaphylaxis

superinfections

Viruses that cause infection resulting in alternating periods of activity with symptoms and inactivity without symptoms are called: prions delta agents oncogenic chronic viroids

Chronic

Bacteriostatic agents kill bacterial cells. True False

False

How do viruses enter their host? Bursting the host cell Rupturing the virus Fusion or endocytosis Exocytosis None of these are correct

Fusion or endocytosis

_________________ is an antiseptic at low concentrations but a sporicidal at higher concentrations. Quaternary Ammonia Betadine Iodine Alcohol Hydrogen peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide

What type of treatment is used on raspberries to increase shelf life? Boiling Non-ionizing radiation Dry heat Ionizing radiation Pasteurization

Ionizing radiation

Which of the following describes the mechanism of action for AZT? It inhibits the assembly of HIV particles. It directly binds to reverse transcriptase and prevents reverse transcription of HIV RNA. It is a thymine analog that interferes with DNA synthesis. It inhibits fusion of the viral envelope and host cell envelope. It prevents the viral DNA from integrating in the host chromosome

It is a thymine analog that interferes with DNA synthesis.

Which organ is responsible for metabolizing and detoxifying foreign chemicals in the blood, including drugs? Stomach Kidneys Liver Gall bladder Spleen

Liver

Airways can be sterilized by UV light creating pyrimidine dimers which interfere with DNA replication, this mechanism of sterilization is_________________. Desiccation Ionizing radiation Filtration Non-ionizing radiation Lyophilization

Non-ionizing radiation

Viruses acquire envelopes around their nucleocapsids during: release penetration assembly adsorption replication

Release

Which stage(s) of the viral replication cycle does Tamiflu impact? (select all that apply) Uncoating Release Synthesis Assembly Adsorption

Release Adsorption

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is: caused by a viroid also called "mad cow disease" a spongiform encephalopathy of humans initiated by an oncogenic virus caused by a chronic latent virus

also called "mad cow disease"

Sulfonamides: interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules are metabolic analogs of PABA and block folic acid synthesis attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis damage cell membranes

are metabolic analogs of PABA and block folic acid synthesis

Penicillins and cephalosporins: attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis block the enzyme that cross-link glycan molecules in the peptidoglycan cell wall are metabolic analogs of PABA and block folic acid synthesis damage cell membranes interfere with DNA synthesis

block the enzyme that cross-link glycan molecules in the peptidoglycan cell wall

An antiviral drug that is a thymine analog would have an antiviral mode of action that: blocks DNA replication blocks viral release blocks maturation blocks penetration inhibits peptidoglycan cross linking

blocks DNA replication

Antimicrobials selective against a wide variety of microbial types are termed: narrow-spectrum drugs broad-spectrum drugs synthetic drugs antibiotics semisynthetic drugs

broad-spectrum drugs

Helical and icosahedral are terms used to describe the shapes of a virus: core capsid spike envelope capsomere

capsid

All of the following are benefits of food irradiation, except: it can reduce the number of food-borne deaths each year it can kill insects on the food it makes the food less nutritious it can inhibit the sprouting of white potatoes it can kill bacterial pathogens on the food

it makes the food less nutritious

Staphylococcus aureus has _______________ resistance to decontamination methods. highest least moderate

moderate

Antimicrobics effective against only gram-positive bacteria would be termed: broad-spectrum drugs Macrolides Anti-fungal synthetic drugs narrow-spectrum drugs

narrow-spectrum drugs

Acyclovir is used to treat: hepatitis C virus influenza A virus HIV respiratory syncytial virus shingles, chickenpox, and genital herpes

shingles, chickenpox, and genital herpes

The process that destroys or removes all microorganisms and microbial forms including bacterial endospores is: antisepsis degermation sanitization disinfection sterilization

sterilization

All of the following are correct about Tamiflu and Relenza except: they are used to treat infections by influenza A and B they inhibit fusion and uncoating of the virus they are prophylactics for influenza they should be given early in an infection

they inhibit fusion and uncoating of the virus